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Electron Configuration
Pictures
Mrs. Dormer Organic Chemistry
Wave Mechanical Model of
Atom
Atoms have a series of energy levels called principal energy levels These are designated by whole numbers (symbolized by n ) n can equal 1 , 2, 3, 4…. Level 1 corresponds to n = 1, level 2 corresponds to n = 2 and so on.
The energy of the level
increases as the value of n
increases.
Each principal energy level contains one or more types of orbitals called sublevels. Sublevels are identified by letters – s, p, d, f The number of sublevels present in a given principal energy level equals n. For example, level 1 contains one sublevel The 1s orbital Level 2 contains two sublevels (two types of orbitals) The 2s orbital and three 2p orbitals
The n value is always used to level the orbitals of a given principal level and is followed by a letter that indicates the type (shape) of the orbital. For example, the designation 3p means an orbital in level 3 that has two lobes (a p orbital always has two lobes).
The Wave Mechanical Model of the Atom
- Atoms have a series of energy levels called principal energy levels which are designated by whole numbers symbolized by n. Level 1 corresponds to n = 1, level 2 corresponds to n = 2, and so on. The Wave Mechanical Model of the Atom
- The energy of the level increases as the value of n increases.
- Each principal energy level contains one or more types of orbitals called sublevels. The Wave Mechanical Model of the Atom
- The number of sublevels present in a given principal energy level equals n. For example, level 1 contains one sublevel (1s); level 2 contains two sublevels, the 2s orbital and the three 2p orbitals. The Wave Mechanical Model of the Atom n Sublevels (Types of Orbitals) Present 1 1s (1) 2 2s (1) 2p (3) 3 3s (1) 3p (3) 3d (5) 4 4s (1) 4p (3) 4d (5) 4f (7)
The Wave Mechanical Model
of the Atom
- The n value is always used to label the orbitals of a given principal level and is followed by a letter that indicates the type (shape) of the orbital. For example, the designation 3p means an orbital in level 3 that has two lobes.
The Wave Mechanical Model
of the Atom
- An orbital can be empty or it can contain one or two electrons, but never more than two. If two electrons occupy the same orbital, they must have opposite spins.
- The shape of an orbital does not indicate the details of electron movement. It indicates the probability distribution for an electron residing in that orbital.
Practice Examples – T or F
1) An s orbital is always spherical in
shape.
True. The size of the sphere
increases as n increases, but the
shape is always spherical.
Practice Examples – T or F
2) The 2s orbital is the same size as
the 3s orbital.
False. The 3s orbital is larger (the
electron is farther from the nucleus
on average) than the 2s orbital.
Practice Examples – T or F
8) The hydrogen atom has a 3s
orbital.
True. There are no electrons in the 3s orbital for a hydrogen atom in its lowest energy state, but the orbital is a potential space, not a physical structure.
