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Cell Division: Mitosis vs. Meiosis, Schemes and Mind Maps of Cell Biology

The differences between mitosis and meiosis, two types of cell division. Mitosis produces diploid cells for growth and repair, while meiosis produces haploid cells for sexual reproduction. The document also discusses the role of hormones and chromosomes in these processes.

Typology: Schemes and Mind Maps

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/27/2022

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1) Somatic cells undergo mitosis whereas gamete cells undergo
meiosis. Mitosis takes place throughout the lifetime of an organism.
What is the biggest difference between these processes?
A. Mitosis undergoes reduction division to produce diploid cells
B. Meiosis undergoes reduction division to produce diploid cells
C. Mitosis undergoes reduction division to produce haploid cells
D. Meiosis undergoes reduction division to produce haploid cells
SC.912.L.16.17
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  1. Somatic cells undergo mitosis whereas gamete cells undergo meiosis. Mitosis takes place throughout the lifetime of an organism. What is the biggest difference between these processes?

A. Mitosis undergoes reduction division to produce diploid cells B. Meiosis undergoes reduction division to produce diploid cells C. Mitosis undergoes reduction division to produce haploid cells D. Meiosis undergoes reduction division to produce haploid cells

  1. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a naturally occurring hormone in plants whose production is increased in the winter months. It has been found to disrupt the cell cycle, keeping the cells in the G1 stage. If ABA production stops, what would be the immediate effect on the plant?

A. It would continue to grow in the winter and eventually die from exposure to cold temperatures. B. It would lose its leaves in the winter and be protected from exposure to cold temperatures. C. It would continue to grow in the winter and evolve to thrive in cold temperatures. D. It would cease production of fruits so none could be harvested for the winter.

  1. The diagram below represents a cell which has gone through the process of meiosis and produced two daughter cells.

Which statement correctly describes the daughter cells? A. They will not pass on any of the genes that they received from the original cell. B. They will pass half of the genetic information they received from the original cell. C. They will undergo the same mutations as the original cell after reproduction has occurred. D. They will produce offspring that will have the same genetic information as the original cell.

  1. The human body has 23 pairs of chromosomes, one set from your mother and one set from your father. Why are the pairs referred to as homologous chromosomes?

A. The chromosome pairs are identical B. The chromosome pairs are not identical C. The chromosomes in a pair have the same alleles in opposite order of arrangement D. The chromosomes in a pair have the same alleles in the same order of arrangement

  1. In 1987, British researchers demonstrated that a human gene, which controlled cell division, could function properly when inserted into a yeast cell. This was considered a landmark experiment based on the fact that yeast and the distant ancestors of humans diverged about 1 million years ago. Considering what you know about genes, what conclusion can be made based on the findings of these researchers?

A. Yeast cells and human cells contain the same proteins. B. Yeast cells and human cells contain all of the same genes. C. Yeast cells and human cells contain all of the same genes, but different proteins. D. Yeast cells and human cells contain the same types of nucleotides in their genes.

SC.912.N.1.

  1. The green pepper plant has proteins that control the process of making glucose. How does the plant obtain these proteins?

A. The proteins are all present in the seed before germination occurs. B. The light energy changes molecules in the plant cell into proteins. C. The proteins are absorbed from the soil by the roots of the plant. D. The plant makes the proteins using the instructions in DNA.

  1. Insulin is a protein needed by the body for proper carbohydrate digestion. It is composed of two polypeptide chains: one consisting of 20 amino acids and the other consisting of 31 amino acids. What is the minimum number of base pairs of DNA required to code for this molecule?

A. 200 B. 153 C. 66 D. 51

  1. The mold Aspergillus flavus grows on grain. A. flavus produces a toxin that binds to DNA in the bodies of animals that eat the grain. The binding of the toxin to DNA blocks translation, so it directly interferes with the ability of an animal cell to do which of the following?

A. The conversion of genetic code into a protein. B. The production of genetic material used by ribosomes to create proteins. C. The production of genetic material that is identical to a template molecule. D. The transfer of protein-building instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

  1. There are specific types of bases, called nucleotides, which comprise a DNA molecule. The number of adenine bases in a DNA molecule equals the number of thymine bases. Which statement best explains why this occurs?

A. DNA contains equals numbers of all base types. B. DNA is made of alternating adenine and thymine bases. C. A thymine base always follows an adenine base on a single strand of DNA. D. An adenine base on one strand of DNA bonds to a thymine base on the other strand.

  1. The table below gives the codons found in messenger RNA (mRNA).

A scientist extracted a protein fragment from a cell. The fragment had the amino acid sequence: Trp-Met. Which of the following is a possible DNA sequence that is associated with this protein fragment? A. UGGAUG B. ACCTAC C. GGUUGG D. CCTTAC

  1. The bar graph below shows the number of homologous chromosomes in a cell of four different organisms.

Using the bar graph, predict the number of chromosomes present in each daughter cell after a potato cell undergoes meiosis?

A. 2 B. 4 C. 8 D. 16

SC.912.N.1.

  1. Mitosis is a form of asexual reproduction. Which of the following statements would be considered a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?

A. All cells can potentially reproduce. B. It produces genetically identical offspring. C. It is more efficient in favorable environment. D. The short amount of time it takes to complete the process.

  1. The diagram shows two homologous chromosomes before and after meiosis occurs.

What process caused the arms of the chromosomes to be in different places after meiosis?

A. Co-dominance B. Crossing over C. Sex linkage D. Independent assortment

  1. Mitosis and meiosis are two types of cell division that occur in most organisms.

From the above chart, identify the row in which the cell type and cellular process are paired with the correct type of cell.

A. A B. B C. C D. D