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Various essential concepts in chemistry, including the structure of atoms, acids and bases, and chemical reactions. It includes questions and answers related to principal quantum number, angular momentum quantum number, conjugate bases, electronegativity, covalent bonding, nature and phases of matter, isotopes, entropy changes, conservation of matter, and chemical reactions such as decomposition, double-displacement, single-displacement, and acid-base reactions.
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number (l) value for the 3p sublevel? A 1 CORRECT: For the 3p sublevel, the principal quantum number (n) is 3 and the angular momentum quantum number (l) is 1. B 2 INCORRECT: This is the value of l for the 3 d sublevel. C 3 INCORRECT: For n = 3, the possible l values are 0, 1, and 2. D 4 INCORRECT: For n = 3, the possible l values are 0, 1, and 2. ICC Essential Concept: Structure of Atoms ICC Underlying Skill: Atomic Structure
of H 2 SO 4? A OH– INCORRECT: OH–^ is the conjugate base of H 2 O. B HSO 3 – INCORRECT: HSO 3 –^ is the conjugate base of H 2 SO 3. C HSO 4 – CORRECT: A conjugate base is formed when an acid donates a proton. Because it has room to accept a proton, it is now called a base. When H 2 SO 4 donates a proton, its conjugate base is HSO 4 –^ is formed. D SO 42 – INCORRECT: SO 42 –^ is the conjugate base of HSO 4 –. ICC Essential Concept: Chemical Reactions ICC Underlying Skill: Acids and Bases
is the shortest based on the atomic radius trends in the periodic table? A C–F CORRECT: The smaller the atomic radii of the bonding atoms the shorter the bond. Atomic radius generally decreases left to right across a period and increases down a group in the periodic table. The C–F bond is the shortest. B C–O INCORRECT: Atomic radius generally decreases left to right across a period and increases down a group in the periodic table. C C–N INCORRECT: Atomic radius generally decreases left to right across a period and increases down a group in the periodic table. D C–S INCORRECT: Atomic radius generally decreases left to right across a period and increases down a group in the periodic table. ICC Essential Concept: Structure and Properties of Matter ICC Underlying Skill: Periodic Properties
an odd total number of electrons? A BeH 2 INCORRECT: The total number of electrons in a BeH 2 molecule is 6, 4 from the Be atom and 1 from each H atom. B NO 2 CORRECT: The total number of electrons in a NO 2 molecule is 23, 7 from the N atom and 8 from each O atom. C SF 6 INCORRECT: The total number of electrons in a SF 6 molecule is 70, 16 from the S atom and 9 from each F atom. D PCl 3 INCORRECT: The total number of electrons in a PCl 3 molecule is 66, 15 from the P atom and 17 from each Cl atom. ICC Essential Concept: Structure and Properties of Matter ICC Underlying Skill: Covalent Bonding
Fe 2 O 3 , is closest to: A 70% Fe and 30% O. CORRECT: The formula mass of Fe 2 O 3 is 159.7 amu of which 111.7 amu is contributed by Fe and 48.0 amu is contributed by O. Dividing 111.7 amu by 159.7 amu and then multiplying by 100% gives about 70%. Dividing 48.0 amu by 159.7 amu and then multiplying by 100% gives about 30%. B 75% Fe and 25% O. INCORRECT: Given the atomic masses of Fe and O and the formula of the compound, the percentage composition of Fe 2 O 3 is closest to 70% Fe and 30% O. C 80% Fe and 20% O. INCORRECT: Given the atomic masses of Fe and O and the formula of the compound, the percentage composition of Fe 2 O 3 is closest to 70% Fe and 30% O. D 85% Fe and 15% O. INCORRECT: Given the atomic masses of Fe and O and the formula of the compound, the percentage composition of Fe 2 O 3 is closest to 70% Fe and 30% O. ICC Essential Concept: Structure and Properties of Matter ICC Underlying Skill: Ionic Bonding
of all free radicals? They all: A have an unpaired electron. CORRECT: All free radicals, by definition, have one or more unpaired electrons. It is this characteristic that typically makes free radicals highly reactive. B are neutral atoms. INCORRECT: Free radicals can be molecular species and can have a positive or negative charge. C are molecular species. INCORRECT: Free radicals can be atomic species. D are charged species. INCORRECT: Free radicals can have a zero charge. ICC Essential Concept: Chemical Reactions ICC Underlying Skill: Common Reactions in Living Systems
with which, if either, of the phase-change processes melting and condensation? A Melting only CORRECT: When a substance melts, it changes from a solid to a liquid and disorder increases. This results in a positive entropy change (∆S). B Condensation only INCORRECT: When a substance condenses, it changes from a gas to a liquid and disorder decreases. This results in a negative entropy change (∆S). C Melting as well as condensation INCORRECT: A positive entropy change (∆S) is associated with melting but not with condensation. D Neither melting nor condensation INCORRECT: A positive entropy change (∆S) is associated with melting. ICC Essential Concept: Conservation of Energy and Increase in Disorder ICC Underlying Skill: Conservation of Energy
2KClO 3 (s) 2KCl(s) ∙ 3O 2 (g) Which of the following is equal to the mass of KClO 3 that is needed to produce 32.0 g of O 2? A 40.8 g INCORRECT: The mass of KClO 3 needed to produce 32.0 g of O 2 is 81.7 g given that the molar mass of O 2 is 32.0 g/mol, the molar mass of KClO 3 is 122.5 g/mol, and the mole ratio is 2 mol of KClO 3 to 3 mol of O 2. B 81.7 g CORRECT: The mass of KClO 3 needed to produce 32.0 g of O 2 is 81.7 g given that the molar mass of O 2 is 32.0 g/mol, the molar mass of KClO 3 is 122.5 g/mol, and the mole ratio is 2 mol of KClO 3 to 3 mol of O 2. C 244 g INCORRECT: The mass of KClO 3 needed to produce 32.0 g of O 2 is 81.7 g given that the molar mass of O 2 is 32.0 g/mol, the molar mass of KClO 3 is 122.5 g/mol, and the mole ratio is 2 mol of KClO 3 to 3 mol of O 2. D 734 g INCORRECT: The mass of KClO 3 needed to produce 32.0 g of O 2 is 81.7 g given that the molar mass of O 2 is 32.0 g/mol, the molar mass of KClO 3 is 122.5 g/mol, and the mole ratio is 2 mol of KClO 3 to 3 mol of O 2. ICC Essential Concept: Chemical Reactions ICC Underlying Skill: Conservation of Matter
as specific heat) of copper is 0.0925 cal/(g∙∙C). If a 15.0-g sample of copper is heated from 20.0∙C to 350.0∙C, the heat absorbed by the sample will be equal to which of the following? A 330. cal INCORRECT: ∆T is 330.0°C, q will not be
which the lowercase letters represent the coefficients of the reactants and products. wC 2 H 6 ∙ xO 2 yCO 2 ∙ zH 2 O When the equation is correctly balanced, what will be the sum of these coefficients (w ∙ x ∙ y ∙ z)? A 4 INCORRECT: When the equation is balanced correctly, w = 2, x = 7, y = 4, and z = 6. Thus, w + x + y + z will be equal to 19. B 13 INCORRECT: When the equation is balanced correctly, w = 2, x = 7, y = 4, and z = 6. Thus, w + x + y + z will be equal to
C 17 INCORRECT: When the equation is balanced correctly, w = 2, x = 7, y = 4, and z = 6. Thus, w + x + y + z will be equal to 19. D 19 CORRECT: When the equation is balanced correctly, w = 2, x = 7, y = 4, and z = 6. Thus, w + x + y + z will be equal to 19. ICC Essential Concept: Chemical Reactions ICC Underlying Skill: Conservation of Matter
