Earthquakes and Tectonic Plates: Understanding Seismic Activity | Study notes Earth Sciences

Name:_______________________________ Date:________Period:___________

1. Why do most earthquakes occur near the edges of Earth's tectonic plates?

____________________________________________________________________________

2. Which two kinds of plate boundaries are responsible for 95% of all earthquakes?

3. What are the different types of plate boundaries and how do the plate move there?

____________________________________________________________________________

4. Describe the differences between P waves and S Waves ______________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

5. Describe the similarities between P waves and S waves _______________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

6. What are two main differences between Body waves and Surface Waves?

____________________________________________________________________________

7. Explain how scientists use P waves and S waves to determine the inside of the earth ________

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8. In what order do earthquake waves arrive at seismic stations?

_____________________________________________________________________

9. Explain how scientists use P and S waves to locate the epicenter of an earthquake?

____________________________________________________________________________

10. Which seismic waves cause the greatest amount of damage?

____________________________________________________________________________

11. In what direction do seismic waves carry the energy of an earthquake?

___________________________________________________________________________

12. The point beneath Earth’s surface where rock breaks under stress and triggers an earthquake is

called the ____________________.

13. How is the point beneath Earth’s surface where rock breaks under stress and triggers an

earthquake different from the epicenter?____________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

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Name:_______________________________ Date:________Period:___________

Why do most earthquakes occur near the edges of Earth's tectonic plates?
Which two kinds of plate boundaries are responsible for 95% of all earthquakes?
What are the different types of plate boundaries and how do the plate move there?
Describe the differences between P waves and S Waves ______________________________
Describe the similarities between P waves and S waves _______________________________
What are two main differences between Body waves and Surface Waves?
Explain how scientists use P waves and S waves to determine the inside of the earth ________
In what order do earthquake waves arrive at seismic stations?
Explain how scientists use P and S waves to locate the epicenter of an earthquake?
Which seismic waves cause the greatest amount of damage?
In what direction do seismic waves carry the energy of an earthquake?
The point beneath Earth’s surface where rock breaks under stress and triggers an earthquake is called the ____________________.
How is the point beneath Earth’s surface where rock breaks under stress and triggers an earthquake different from the epicenter?____________________________________________

Explain the differences between the Mercalli Intensity scale, the Richter Scale, and the Moment Magnitude Scale? ____________________________________________________________
What evidence did Alfred Wegener use to support his theory of continental drift? _____
What is a mid-ocean ridge? ______________________________________________________
Why is the continental crust older than the ocean crust? _______________________________
What causes volcanic island arcs? __________________________________________
What is the difference between an archipelago like the Hawaiian chain and an island arc like the Aleutian Islands of Alaska? __________________________________________
What do geologists study? _________________________________________________
How do echo locators like sonar work? _______________________________________
What did the magnetometers discover about the seafloor at spreading centers where new crust forms?
What is the “Ring of Fire?” _______________________________________________________
What geographic features would you expect to find at the edges of tectonic plates? Convergent continental-continental________________________________________________ Convergent continental-oceanic___________________________________________________ Convergent oceanic-oceanic _____________________________________________________ Divergent oceanic-oceanic_______________________________________________________ Divergent continental-continental__________________________________________________ Transform____________________________________________________________________

When the state of matter changes, the process of changing has a name. Look at the table below. Fill in the names of the processes which happens when the state of matter changes. (XXXXXX means that no name fits that process.) From this ---> To this Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Solid XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX Liquid Melting XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX Gas XXXXXXXXXX Plasma XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX
Describe viscosity and give two examples of fluids in the description
Describe density and give two examples of the effect when you mix two different density materials?
What causes magma to flow upward into any cracks in the rock above it?
If geologists detect many small earthquakes in the area near a volcano, what can they infer about the volcano?
The viscosity of magma depends upon its silica content and its______
When many layers of thin, runny lava build up a high, level area, the result is a _______
What provides the force that causes magma to erupt to the surface?
Volcanic belts form along _______________________________________
The volcanoes along converging oceanic plate boundaries may form _____________________
If a volcano’s magma is high in silica, the volcano will probably be a ______________________ and erupt________________________________.

Look at the attached picture of a composite volcano. Match the appropriate number to its name
What type of volcano does this drawing represent?
Felsic magma is more likely to have explosive eruption than Mafic Magma because:
Which are the three most common element contained in the earth's crust?
A sedimentary rock can become a metamorphic rock during the ___________ cycle.
Many fossils are found in this type of rock._____________________________
A rock that has been changed by heat, pressure or both is called a(n)_____________________
A rock formed from bits or layers of other rocks cemented together is called a(n)_________________________________
This type of igneous rock has large crystals and is made from slowly cooled magma inside a volcano.____________________________________
This type of rock is formed when hot molten rock (magma or lava) has cooled and hardened._______________________________________
What are some of the results associated with earthquake destruction?

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