1
Writing (Drawing) Chemical Structures
CH3CH2CHCH3CH3CH2CH(CH3)2
H C C
H
H
C C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
HH CH3
Kekule Condensed Skeletal
Skeletal Notation
1. Carbon atoms are at the ends of lines and at the intersection of two lines
2. Hydrogens on carbon atoms are not shown.
3. All non-carbon and non-hydrogen atoms (heteroatoms) are shown.
4. Hydrogens on heteroatoms are shown
5. Formal Charges are shown
Polar Covalent Bonds: covalent bonds in which the electrons are not
equally shared between the two atoms. \ The is a net dipole.
Electronegativity: intrinsic ability of an atom to attract electrons
Inductive Effect: atom’s (or group of atoms) ability to polarize a bond
through electronegativity differences
Chapter 2: Polar Covalent Bonds and Their Consequences
