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Material Type: Assignment; Class: INSTRUMENTATION; Subject: Chemistry; University: Arkansas State University; Term: Fall 2005;
Typology: Assignments
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Chem 4224 NAME Fall 2005 HW 1
0.100 M potassium hydrogen phthalate 2.00 ppm (w/v) Na+^ using sodium carbonate 2.50 ppb (w/v) Cr+3^ using chromium(III)nitrate
Calibration Data for the Chromatographic Determination of Isooctane in a Hydrocarbon Mixture Standard solution
Mole % Isooctane Peak Area
1 0.352 1. 2 0.803 1. 3 1.08 2. 4 1.38 3. 5 1.75 4.
of the resulting solution and the uncertainty (error) in this quantity. What source is the largest contributor to this uncertainty?
Initiation : Br 2 −−−> 2 Br, with rate coefficient k 1 Propagation: Br + H 2 −−−> HBr + H, with rate coefficient k 2 H + Br 2 −−−> HBr + Br, with rate coefficient k 3 Inhibition: H + HBr −−−> H 2 + Br, with rate coefficient k 4 Termination: 2 Br −−−> Br 2 , with rate coefficient k 5
This is a typical free-radical chain reaction in which each initiation reaction starts a sequence of fast propagation reactions involving highly reactive free radical species (in this case H and Br atoms). This sequence continues until it is ended by a termination reaction. Since these are elementary reactions, they all follow the law of mass action.
(a) write the full set of rate equations for these reactions (b) simplify these rate equations by applying the pseudo-steady-state approximation to the concentrations of H and Br atoms (c) how must the rate constants k 1 and k 5 be related to each other? (d) for the simplified equations found in part (b), find an analytical solution for the concentrations as a function of time. At time t = 0, assume that the initial concentrations are [Br 2 ] = [Br 2 ] o , [H 2 ] = [H 2 ] o , [HBr] = 0.