Download 132 Solved Questions on Anatomy and Physiology l - Test 1 | BIO 2330 and more Exams Physiology in PDF only on Docsity!
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- All aspects of a memory are stored together in the brain. True False
- The conscious awareness of stimuli received by sensory receptors is called perception. True False
- The sense of taste is an example of a general sense. True False
- Visceroreceptors are receptors associated with joints, tendons, and other connective tissue. True False
- The simplest and most common type of sensory nerve endings are free nerve endings. True False
- The sensory speech area is Broca area. True False
- The ability to detect simultaneous stimulation at two points on the skin is called two-point discrimination. True False
- Which of the following is a somatic sense? A. smell B. taste C. touch D. sound E. sight
- If you feel someone touch you on the shoulder, the person has stimulated a(n) ____ sense. A. special B. somatic C. visceral D. undifferentiated E. None of these choices are correct.
- When people smoke cigarettes, they damage some of their taste buds. Which type of sense has been damaged by the smoking? A. special B. somatic C. visceral D. autonomic E. nonspecialized
- Which of the following is a visceral sensation? A. pain B. touch C. temperature D. proprioception E. balance
- The perception of position and movement of body parts is A. sensation. B. kinesthesia. C. proprioception. D. All of the choices are correct.
- Vision is dependent upon A. chemoreceptors. B. photoreceptors. C. thermoreceptors. D. mechanoreceptors. E. nociceptors.
- Mechanoreceptors respond to A. compression of receptors. B. irritation of nerve endings. C. light striking the receptors. D. binding of molecules to membrane receptors. E. a change in temperature.
- A state of conscious awareness of stimuli received by sensory receptors is called A. adaptation. B. projection. C. translation. D. perception. E. inclination.
- Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A. visceroreceptors - associated with organs B. adaptation - decreased sensitivity to continued stimulus C. projection - sensation is perceived at the site of the stimulus D. proprioceptors - information about body position E. cutaneous receptors - associated with the viscera
- The pain a person experiences with acute appendicitis results from stimulating nerve endings called A. painreceptors. B. internoreceptors. C. visceroreceptors D. proprioceptors. E. appendoreceptors.
- Free nerve endings respond to A. temperature change and pain. B. pressure and vibration. C. light touch and two-point discrimination. D. temperature change and pressure. E. chemicals.
- Changes in the blood concentration of glucose, oxygen and hydrogen are detected by A. baroreceptors. B. chemoreceptors. C. nociceptors. D. proprioceptors. E. thermoreceptors.
- All of the following nerve endings are found in the skin EXCEPT A. Pacinian corpuscles. B. proprioceptors. C. Ruffini end organs. D. Merkel disks. E. Meissner corpuscles.
- Decreased sensitivity to a continued stimulus is called A. adaptation. B. projection. C. translation. D. conduction. E. phantom pain.
- Superficial pain is highly localized, but visceral pain is diffuse because A. the viscera has fewer pain receptors. B. the skin has more sensitive pain receptors. C. the viscera has fewer mechanoreceptors which give location information. D. visceral pain has less emotional involvement.
- Slowly adapting proprioceptors that would let you know the position of your thumb without looking at it are known as A. phasic receptors. B. primary receptors. C. secondary receptors. D. tonic receptors.
- Rapidly adapting proprioceptors that provide information on the location of a moving hand are known as A. phasic receptors. B. primary receptors. C. secondary receptors. D. tonic receptors.
- Receptors that in general produce an action potential in response to a receptor potential are A. phasic receptors. B. primary receptors. C. secondary receptors. D. tonic receptors.
- Receptors that in general do not produce an action potential, but can release neurotransmitters in response to a receptor potential are A. phasic receptors. B. primary receptors. C. secondary receptors. D. tonic receptors.
- Which of the following is an ascending pathway in the spinal cord? A. lateral spinothalamic tract B. rubrospinal tract C. lateral corticospinal tract D. tectospinal tract E. anterior corticospinal tract
- Lesions on one side of the spinal cord cut the lateral spinothalamic tract and eliminate A. sensations of touch from both sides below the level of injury. B. proprioception on the same side of the body below the level of the injury. C. cutaneous sensations on the opposite side of the body below the level of injury. D. sensations of vibration on the opposite side of the body at the level of the injury. E. sensations of tickle on the same side of the body below the level of injury.
- In an ascending pathway, axons of the secondary neuron travel from the A. receptor to the spinal cord. B. receptor to the brain. C. spinal cord through the brainstem to the thalamus. D. thalamus to the cerebral cortex. E. spinal cord to cerebellum.
- The portion of the dorsal column/medial lemniscal tract that carries proprioceptive sensations from nerve endings in the feet and legs is the A. nucleus gracilis. B. nucleus cuneatus. C. fasciculus gracilis. D. fasciculus cuneatus. E. fasciculus nucleus.
- The fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus would help us A. perceive pain. B. tell if an object is rough or smooth. C. sense temperature. D. move our arms and legs. E. write a sentence.
- Which of the following is mismatched? A. spinotectal tract - visual reflexes B. fasciculus cuneatus - vibration from upper body half C. spinoreticular tract - light touch D. spinocerebellar tract - proprioception E. spinocerebellar tract - comparator function
- The gate control theory of pain says that pain impulses traveling through the lateral spinothalamic tract can be suppressed by increased activity of the A. anterior spinothalamic tract. B. tertiary neurons. C. extrapyramidal tracts. D. dorsal column/medial lemniscal system. E. spinocerebellar tracts.
- Amputees frequently perceive pain in the amputated structure. This type of pain is called A. chronic pain. B. phantom pain. C. referred pain. D. gate pain. E. ghost pain.
- When the CNS responds to tissue damage by decreasing the pain threshold and increasing its sensitivity to pain, this is called A. referred pain. B. central sensitization. C. peripheral sensitization. D. cumulative sensitization. E. phantom pain.
- The primary motor area A. contains sensory neurons for the face in its inferior portion. B. contains a smaller area for control of the hands than for control of the legs. C. contains neurons that control smooth muscle. D. contains more motor neurons for the thighs than the mouth. E. contains a larger area for control of the hand and fingers than for control of the arm and elbow.
- Upper motor neurons A. are found in the visual cortex. B. control skeletal muscles. C. are responsible for planning voluntary movements. D. are located in the prefrontal area. E. control smooth muscle.
- If you decide to "snap your fingers," the first neurons to be stimulated are the A. association neurons. B. premotor neurons. C. postmotor neurons. D. sensory neurons. E. sensory receptors.
- Impulses that initiate motivation and forethought originate in A. the postcentral gyrus. B. the precentral gyrus. C. the prefrontal area. D. the association area. E. the central sulcus.
- If a person decided to jump over a chair, which of the following areas organizes the motor functions needed to carry out this action. A. visual cortex B. premotor area C. prefrontal area D. auditory association area E. visual association area
- Which of the following statements concerning the descending pathways of the spinal cord is true? A. Most descending pathways control sensory functions. B. Many of the descending pathways decussate in the midbrain. C. Descending pathways consist of upper and lower motor neurons. D. Descending pathways must synapse in the thalamus. E. These pathways start in the spinal cord and end in the brain.
- Which of the following is a descending pathway in the spinal cord? A. fasciculus gracilis B. corticospinal tract C. spinothalamic tract D. spinoreticular tract E. trigeminothalamic tract
- Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A. corticospinal tract - movements, especially the hands B. corticobulbar tract - movements in the head and face C. rubrospinal tract - two-point discrimination D. vestibulospinal tract - maintains upright posture E. reticulospinal - posture adjustments and walking
- A patient has suffered a cerebral hemorrhage that has damaged the primary motor area of his right cerebral cortex. As a result the A. patient cannot voluntarily move his right arm or leg. B. patient feels no sensations on the left side of his body. C. patient cannot voluntarily move his left eye. D. patient's heart stops beating. E. patient cannot voluntarily move his left arm or leg.
- Indicate the order of each of the following in a descending pathway. (1) cerebral cortex (2) pyramids (3) cerebral peduncles (4) internal capsule A. 1, 2, 3, 4 B. 1, 3, 4, 2 C. 1, 3, 2, 4 D. 2, 4, 3, 1 E. 1, 4, 3, 2
- Two tracts found within the extrapyramidal system are the A. rubrospinal and corticospinal. B. spinothalamic and tectospinal. C. vestibulospinal and rubrospinal. D. corticobulbar and vestibulospinal. E. corticospinal and corticobulbar.
- The extrapyramidal system A. controls the speed of skilled movements. B. maintains control of unconscious movements. C. interprets cutaneous perception. D. projects sensory information from the medulla to the cerebrum. E. control facial expression, mastication, and tongue movements.
- Which of the following result when the spinal cord is hemitransected (cut) on the left side? (1) loss of pain and thermal sensations below the injury on the left side (2) loss of pain and thermal sensations below the injury on the right side (3) loss of fine touch and pressure sensations below the injury on the left side (4) loss of fine touch and pressure sensations below the injury on right side (5) loss of fine motor control on the right side below the injury (6) loss of fine motor control on the left side below the injury A. 1, 3, 5 B. 2, 4, 6 C. 2, 3, 6 D. 1, 3, 4, 6 E. 1, 4, 5, 6
- A lesion in the red nucleus results in A. resting tremors. B. intention tremors. C. sleeping tremors. D. reflex tremors.
- Lesion of the basal nuclei could cause A. loss of memory. B. uncontrolled rage. C. fluent but circular speech. D. a slight shaking of the hands or head. E. loss of sensation.
- Wernicke area is necessary for A. motivation. B. understanding and formulating coherent speech. C. initiating the muscular movements of speech. D. processing visual images. E. smiling.
- Damage to Wernicke area would result in A. facial paralysis. B. facial tics. C. aphasia. D. "seeing stars". E. apraxia.
- If the Broca area is damaged, the result is A. loss of memory. B. impairment in the movement of the right leg. C. blindness. D. hesitant and distorted speech. E. inability to think of things to say.
- Various areas of the cortex form functional pathways to conduct action potentials necessary to perform specific functions. Arrange the areas below in proper sequence to accomplish reading a poem aloud. (1) visual association area (2) premotor area (3) Broca area (4) primary motor area (5) Wernicke area (6) visual cortex A. 1, 6, 5, 3, 4, 2 B. 6, 1, 5, 3, 2, 4 C. 6, 1, 3, 5, 4, 2 D. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 3 E. 5, 4, 3, 6, 1, 2
- Which of the cortical areas listed below is most likely to be stimulated first when repeating a word you just heard spoken? A. auditory association area B. Broca area C. primary motor area D. primary auditory cortex E. Wernicke area.
- The right cerebral hemisphere A. receives sensory input from the left side of the body. B. is the dominant hemisphere for speech in most people. C. tends to be smaller than the left cerebral hemisphere. D. contains no association areas. E. is not connected to the left cerebral hemisphere.
- Which of these activities is associated with the right cerebral hemisphere in most people? A. adding numbers B. reciting the Gettysburg address C. painting a watercolor landscape D. using a calculator E. making a household budget
- Which of these activities is associated with the left cerebral hemisphere in most people? A. motor control of left side of the body B. mathematics and speech C. spatial perception D. recognition of faces E. musical ability
- Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A. left cerebral hemisphere - analytical hemisphere B. left cerebral hemisphere - speech area for most of the population C. right cerebral hemisphere - recognition of faces D. left cerebral hemisphere - spatial perception E. left cerebral hemisphere - mathematical hemisphere
- A person suffering a stroke in the right parietal lobe may lose the ability to recognize faces. This is called A. aphasia. B. aprexia. C. athetosis. D. amorphosynthesis. E. incoherency.
- The type of brain waves observed in an individual who is awake but in a quiet resting state with eyes closed are _____ waves. A. alpha B. beta C. delta D. theta E. gamma
- Brain waves associated with information processing or problem solving are ____ waves. A. alpha B. beta C. delta D. theta E. kappa
- In short-term memory, A. information is retained for less than a second. B. the frontal lobe plays the most important role. C. current information is lost when new information is presented. D. there is increased synaptic activity by long-term potentiation. E. there is consolidation of information.
- In working memory, A. information is retained for less than a second. B. the frontal lobe plays the most important role. C. current information is lost when new information is presented. D. there is increased synaptic activity by long-term potentiation. E. there is consolidation of information.
- Long-term memory may involve A. an influx of potassium ions into the neuron. B. activating substance P. C. a change in the shape of the neuron's cytoskeleton. D. forming a nerve plexus. E. rearranging neurons in the brain.
- As the nervous system ages A. reflexes become faster. B. cutaneous sensation becomes more acute. C. blood pressure decreases. D. reflexes become slower. E. size and weight of the brain increases.
- Label area "A" on the cerebral cortex. A. visual cortex B. primary motor cortex C. primary somatic sensory cortex D. motor speech area (Broca area) E. sensory speech area (Wernicke area)
100.Label area "B" on the cerebral cortex. A. visual cortex B. primary motor cortex C. primary somatic sensory cortex D. motor speech area (Broca area) E. sensory speech area (Wernicke area)
101.Label area "C" on the cerebral cortex. A. visual cortex B. primary motor cortex C. primary somatic sensory cortex D. motor speech area (Broca area) E. sensory speech area (Wernicke area)
102.Label area "D" on the cerebral cortex. A. visual cortex B. primary motor cortex C. primary somatic sensory cortex D. motor speech area (Broca area) E. sensory speech area (Wernicke area)
103.Label area "E" on the cerebral cortex. A. visual cortex B. primary motor cortex C. primary somatic sensory cortex D. motor speech area (Broca'sarea) E. sensory speech area (Wernicke area)
Match the function with the appropriate structure.
109.The diagram illustrates sensory nerve endings in the skin. What is the function of "A"? A. detects deep pressure, vibration, and proprioception B. responds to painful stimuli and temperature C. responds to light touch and superficial pressure. D. detects touch, involved in 2-point discrimination E. detects continuous touch or pressure
110.The diagram illustrates sensory nerve endings in the skin. What is the function of "B"? A. detects deep pressure, vibration, and proprioception B. responds to painful stimuli C. responds to light touch and superficial pressure D. detects touch, involved in 2-point discrimination E. detects continuous touch or pressure
111.The diagram illustrates sensory nerve endings in the skin. What is the function of "C"? A. detects deep pressure, vibration, and proprioception B. responds to painful stimuli C. responds to light touch and superficial pressure D. detects touch, involved in 2-point discrimination E. detects continuous touch or pressure
112.The diagram illustrates sensory nerve endings in the skin. What is the function of "D"? A. detects deep pressure, vibration, and proprioception B. responds to painful stimuli C. responds to light touch and superficial pressure D. detects touch, involved in 2-point discrimination E. detects continuous touch or pressure
113.The diagram illustrates sensory nerve endings in the skin. What is the function of "E"? A. detects deep pressure, vibration, and proprioception B. responds to painful stimuli C. responds to light touch and superficial pressure D. detects touch, involved in 2-point discrimination E. detects continuous touch or pressure
Match the type of brain wave with its appropriate description. A. usually occur in children or in adults experiencing frustration B. observed in a person who is awake, quiet, and resting, with eyes closed C. occur in deep sleep, infancy and patients with brain disorders D. occur during intense mental activity 114.alpha waves
115.beta waves
116.theta waves
117.delta waves
Match the term with its definition. A. the part of the brain involved in the actual declarative memory B. the largest of the cerebral commissures C. a factor than activates gene transcription for formation of dendritic spines D. a series of neurons involved in long-term memory E. a part of the temporal lobe involved in adding emotional overtones to a memory 118.CREB
119.memory engram
120.hippocampus
121.amygdala
122.corpus callosum
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