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Sensory impulses from a toothache are likely to be transmitted on - ANS cranial nerve V Viruses can be distinguished from all other microorganisms by virtue of their - ANS possession of only one type of nucleic acid Too little vertical angulation when taking radiographs will result in - ANS elongation Which of the following describes a Class I furcation involvement? - ANS A slight concavity is detectable, but no radiolucency is visible on the radiograph Systemic diseases can be associated with periodontal disease, since they can affect immune functions, inflammatory response and tissue organization. These include the genetic disorders - ANS Chediak-Higashi syndrome, Papillon-Leferve syndrome, and hypophosphatasia Kaposi's sarcoma is MOST commonly located on the - ANS palate Which of the following could be used for removal of burnished tenacious calculus in deep, narrow pockets with firm, fibrotic tissue - ANS periodontal file Oral manifestations of bulimia include all of the following, EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? - ANS Leukoedema Subgingival calculus receives its mineral content from - ANS gingival crevicular fluid A dense, fibrous, raised, skin-colored lesion located on the buccal mucosa at the height of the occlusal plane is MOST likely a - ANS fibroma The appearance of spongy rolled gingival margins and bulbous gingival papilla is the result of - ANS accumulation of tissue fluid When radiographs are being duplicated, the duplicating film is placed closest to the light source. The greatest density of the duplicated image will occur with the longest exposure to the light source. - ANS Both statements are false Periodontal debridement of the maxillary left quadrant requires administration of a local anesthetic. Which nerve block injection will NOT provide anesthesia to the area? - ANS Inferior alveolar
Proper ultrasonic scaling technique is BEST described by which of the following? - ANS Light stroke pressure and multidirectional strokes Infection of a primary tooth may cause - ANS Turner's spot Alginate impressions are displaced from the mouth in a quick continuous movement to prevent - ANS distortion of the impression The main part of the facial nerve leaves the temporal bone in the facial canal through the - ANS stylomastoid foramen Facial asymmetry is commonly associated with - ANS Bell's palsy A predominant bacterium in chronic periodontitis is - ANS P. gingivalis A person with a history of oral herpes lesions of the lip feels a tingly sensation. The person should do all of the following, EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? - ANS Spend more time in the sun A patient with congestive heart failure will MOST likely require - ANS an upright seating position All of the following are characteristics of a root planning technique, EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? - ANS Lateral pressure becomes progressively heavier A continuing care schedule for a periodontal patient should be determined by the - ANS amount of inflammation seen All of the following drugs are antifungal and are used to treat candidiasis, EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? - ANS Didanosine (ddl) Supervision of fluoride use by small children is important to prevent which of the following? - ANS Chronic toxicity Which defect is the result of failure of the maxillary processes to fuse with the median nasal processes? - ANS Bilateral cleft lip Complications of AIDS-associated necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (NUP) that differentiate it from the conventional non-AIDS-associated form of NUP may include - ANS sequestration of bone fragments The temporomandibular disc is attached to the - ANS mandibular condyle A patient taking amphetamines is likely to exhibit all of the following, EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? - ANS Mental depression
When radiographs are taken during the first dental visit of a 5-year-old with clinical signs of decay and anterior crowding, the bitewing radiographs should be exposed before the occlusal films. Positioning for the mandibular occlusal radiograph requires that the patient's head be tipped back approximately 90 degrees. - ANS Both statements are false When suspecting abuse of a child or dependent adult, what should the dental hygienist do first? - ANS Report suspicions to the local authorities such as Social Services On the day an HIV-positive patient is scheduled for an oral prophylaxis, the dental hygienist feigns illness and goes home. This is an example of - ANS unethical conduct A radiographic sign of periodontal breakdown is the presence of - ANS fuzziness of the alveolar crests Which of the following microorganisms has been shown to predominate in localized aggressive periodontitis? - ANS A. actinomycetemcomitans Immune protection of mucous membranes from infection is most closely associated with
- ANS IgA antibodies A new patient is found to have a suspect lesion covering one half of the floor of the mouth and part of the ventral surface of the tongue. The lesion is a mixture of velvety- red areas and white hyperkeratotic-appearing areas. The MOST likely course of action would be to recommend - ANS incisional biopsy Which would be the MOST appropriate treatment for a healthcare worker who is the victim of a needle stick injury involving a hepatitis B-positive patient? - ANS Passive immunization with pooled human gamma globulin The principal origin of the middle and lower face is the - ANS mandibular arch The active ingredient in many prescription in-home whitening kits is - ANS carbamide peroxide Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis - ANS is characterized by fever, ulcerating vesicles, and pain A patient has a non draining periodontal abscess and reminds the dentist that she is allergic to penicillin. Which of the following drugs could be prescribed by the dentist as an adjunct to manage the patient's safely? - ANS Doxycycline (Doxycin) Radiographically, a jaw fracture will appear as a radiolucent line. Internal resorption appears as a radiolucency within the pulp or dentin of a tooth. - ANS Both statements are true
For a patient taking medication daily for hypertension and no other conditions, the dental concern is - ANS greater chance of syncope While walking a patient from the reception area to the operatory, the patient becomes noticeably out of breath. Which of the following actions SHOULD occur next? - ANS Allow the patient to rest for a few minutes before proceeding to the chair, review his medical history, and make treatment decisions based on additional information obtained from the patient and physician consultation The dental hygienist has been asked to discontinue instrument sharpening because of cost concerns. All of the following are concerns associated with use of dull instruments, EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? - ANS Infection control All of the following are true to pit and fissure sealants, EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? - ANS Indicated when proximal decay exists The MOST important thing to remember when sharpening instruments chair side is - ANS to use a sterile stone Oral irrigants are effective for all of the following, EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? - ANS Removing attached dental biofilm Of the following teeth, which one is MOST frequently congenitally missing? - ANS Maxillary lateral incisor During an extraoral examination, swollen lymph nodes are detected beneath the chin. Which lymph nodes are these? - ANS Submental The maximum accumulated dose of radiation that a 38-year-old dental hygienist should receive is - ANS 100 Rem The ideal angle for insertion of a curette into a periodontal pocket in preparation for a scaling stroke is - ANS 0 degrees The need to increase the dose of a drug to produce the same drug effect is called - ANS drug tolerance An isolated port-hole defect in bone that exposes the underlying root of the tooth is referred to as a - ANS fenestration Blood-soaked gauze is considered biomedical waste an must be sterilized or incinerated. Blood- and saliva-contaminated gloves must be washed before being discarded in the trash. - ANS The first statement is true, the second is false The triceps brachia muscle functions to straighten (extend) the elbow joints. The muscle
- ANS inserts on a bone of the forearm, the ulna
During a review of the patient's dental history, the dental hygienist learns that tooth # was traumatized during a bicycle accident about 6 months ago. The tooth was sensitive for a week but is not sensitive now. All anterior teeth respond similarly when tested with palpation, percussion, and cold. It would be reasonable to conclude that at this time, the tooth pulp - ANS is normal A patient is a hepatitis B carrier. Which one of the following is an appropriate way to prevent cross-contamination? - ANS Avoiding use of ultrasonic scaler Professional treatment of root dentinal hypersensitivity may include all of the following, EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? - ANS Zinc-oxide eugenol When a radiograph is only partially immersed in developer but fully immersed in fixer, the resultant processed film will exhibit a black area. Radiographs that are inadequately rinsed after fixing will develop yellow-brown stains later. - ANS The first statement is false, the second is true Which of the following palpation technique best describes bidigital palpation? - ANS Tissues are grasped between finger(s) and thumb to examine tissues An infrabony pocket in which the facial and lingual alveolar bone is missing is classified as a(an) - ANS two-walled pocket For removal of a heavy ledge of calculus on the lingual surface of the mandibular anterior teeth, which of the following is the best tip and power combination? - ANS Standard tip at medium to high power Polishing of amalgams helps prevent corrosion and improves longevity of amalgam restorations. Overheating of the amalgam during polishing can result in damage to odontoblasts. - ANS Both statements are true Endogenous intrinsic stain is associated with all of the following, EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? - ANS caries Nicotine stomatitis presents in the oral cavity as - ANS tiny nodules with red center and diffuse grayish white coating Following posterior superior alveolar nerve block injection, a patient complains of inadequate "numbing" and receives additional cartridges of 2% lidocaine with 1:100, epinephrine. The patient begins to tap incessantly, exhibits restlessness and becomes drowsy, and then suffers a convulsion. These symptoms are MOST likely a(an) - ANS toxicity reaction to the local anesthetic agent Sulcular epithelium is generally - ANS nonkeratinized
A newly processed radiograph appears light. this is most likely due to - ANS cold developing solution Cushing's syndrome is associated with obesity, hirsutism, and moon face. This condition is caused by - ANS overproduction of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) A patient requires a prophylactic antibiotic regimen due to a history of infective endocarditis. He is allergic to penicillin and takes warfarin (Coumadin). The American Heart Association (AHA) regimen of choice for this patient is - ANS clindamycin (Cleocin) Opsonins are - ANS molecules that stimulate phagocytosis If a deposit of calculus is difficult to remove with an ultrasonic scaler, which of the following should be adjusted? - ANS Power level Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with tongue thrusting? - ANS Gingival recession Essential amino acids are defined as such because they - ANS cannot be synthesized by the body Patients with fixed orthodontic appliance often need extensive instruction in dental biofilm control methods to remove the more virulent bacterial dental biofilm they develop. A daily self-applied fluoride treatment should be a standard recommendation for these patients to prevent decalcification and caries - ANS The first statement is false, the second is true A film has good density when produced at 10 mA and 6/10 second. At 15 mA, what exposure time is needed to maintain the density? - ANS 0.4 second Which one of the following will produce a film with low contrast? - ANS High kVp Hormones produced by the pancreas include - ANS insulin and glucagon To correct closed contacts on a radiograph, one would adjust - ANS horizontal angulation Which external landmark helps determine central ray placement when the hygienist is exposing a radiograph of a maxillary canine - ANS Ala of the nose Junctional epithelium attached to the tooth surface by the epithelial attachment - ANS separates the periodontal ligament form the oral environment Area specific curette "X" has a shank with complex angles and is designed for use in a periodontal pocket of 5 mm or less in depth. What design characteristic would need to
In a class II, Division II occlusion, which of the following would be present within the dentition? - ANS One or more maxillary anterior teeth would be retruded, and the mandible would be retruded The initial vascular response during acute inflammation is initiated by the release of - ANS histamine Which one of the following bacteria influences root caries? - ANS Actinomyces viscosus When a tooth is etched for sealant placement, primary teeth are etched for a longer period than are permanent teeth. Rinsing a saliva-contaminated etched surface immediately before sealant placement will remove the contamination - ANS The first statement is true, the second is false The dental biomaterial bis-GMA is the - ANS resin in pit and fissure sealants During exploratory strokes made with either a curette or explorer, the modified pen grasp should be kept very light so that the hygienist can feel the vibration created as the instrument moves over the tooth. There is a correlation between the tightness of the grasp on the instrument and the amount of lateral pressure applied against the tooth. - ANS Both statements are true Which one of the following is a coating material on dental implants that improves bonding with bone? - ANS Hydroxyapatite When the direction migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes toward attracting molecules such as bacteria is impaired, the condition is referred to as a(an) - ANS chemotactic defect All of the following muscles are responsible for opening and closing the jaws, EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? - ANS Thyrohyoid Bifurcated roots are common to maxillary first premolars. Mandibular second premolars often have three cusps - ANS Both statements are true What characteristic do chronic periodontitis and localized aggressive periodontitis share? - ANS Loss of attachment Secretions of the parotid gland are noted to be - ANS primarily serous Mrs. Smith has a history of hypertension and takes medication to treat it. She complains that her gums look swollen, and an intraoral exam reveals gingival overgrowth. The medication causing this adverse reaction is most likely - ANS nifedipine (Procardia)
The common factor that enhances colonization of dental plaque (biofilm) by a bacterial species is the - ANS ability to adhere through a specialized mechanism Which of the following oral manifestations, when it persists longer than one month in the oral cavity, is recognized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to be AIDS defining? - ANS Herpes simplex virus lesions With which condition in Sjogren's syndrome most commonly associated? - ANS Xerostomia Mucosa of the oral cavity floor is considered - ANS lining mucosa For a mandibular removable partial denture with calculus on the anterior replacement teeth, the preferred method of professional cleaning would be to - ANS use an ultrasonic bath with a tartar remover solution John was concerned and went to his physician, since he could not shake what he thought was the flu. He tested negative for HIV 6 months after an exposure to the virus. When he was tested again 6 months later, however, the results were positive. If an error, the first test result was - ANS false negative A collimator on an x-ray unit - ANS restricts the size of the x-ray beam Purpura in the oral cavity describes a - ANS reddish purple discoloration On a mandibular first molar, a furcation is located in the - ANS cervical third of the root, buccally Magnification on dental radiographs can be decreased by - ANS increasing the source-object distance The process of copying genetic information from DNA to RNA is called - ANS transcription Accurate shadow casting requires meeting all of the following rules, EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? - ANS Greatest tooth-film distance Use of an air-polish is contraindicated because of the possible systemic absorption of sodium bicarbonate for patients with all of the following conditions, EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? - ANS Immunosuppression Providing the patient active involvement in treatment decisions is an example of - ANS autonomy
One of the following does NOT interfere with the quality of a local anesthetic injection? Which on is the EXCEPTION? - ANS Medical history of liver disease An advantage of glass ionomer cement over composite restorations is - ANS better cervical retention Lactose intolerance is a condition caused by a deficiency in the enzyme lactase. Lactase has the ability to break down lactose into - ANS glucose and galactose Which film speeds listed require the LEAST exposure time? - ANS E or F Which allergic reaction may be characterized by laryngeal edema, nausea, hypotension, and diarrhea? - ANS Anaphylaxis Which salts deposit in bacterial dental biofilm to form calculus - ANS Phosphate and calcium When a patient is being transferred from a dental chair to the wheelchair the dental chair should be how far from the wheelchair? - ANS The same height as or slightly lower than the wheelchair Which one of the following statements regarding the subgingival environment is TRUE?
- ANS Nutrients for subgingival dental biofilm are derived from crevicular fluid and blood products All of the following instrument types should be avoided on dental implants, EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? - ANS Plastic instruments T lymphocytes are - ANS bound to antigens with their membrane-associated T-cell receptor A retrognathic jaw position with anterior overbite is referred to as - ANS Class II, division I Which of the following best describes effective adaptation of the curette against a tooth surface? - ANS Toe third of the blade contacts the tooth at all times Testlet 1 The city homeless shelter houses 559 adults males, 124 adult females, and 97 children under the age of 18 years. Fewer than 2% of sheltered adults hold full-time employment. City officials have recently implemented an employment-training project for the homeless. Based on results of a survey of prospective employers, the project will provide participants with assistance in reading and writing skills, resume and interview preparation, personal hygiene, appropriate attire, and working skills. Several dental
hygienists and dentist have volunteered to assess the oral health needs of the project participants using the OHI-S. The OHI-S is used to measure all of the following, EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? - ANS Demineralization Every 9th adult listed on the alphabetized roster of shelter residents will be selected for assessment of oral hygiene needs. This sampling method is known as - ANS systematic All project participants received a toothbrush and dentifrice. What is the MOST efficient way to provide oral hygiene instructions to participants? - ANS Lecture and demonstration After watching a toothbrushing demonstration the residents will be able to perform the modified Stillman's toothbrushing technique. The "condition element" of this objective is
- ANS after watching a toothbrushing demonstration A resident's behavior is modified when the resident - ANS habitually brushes and flosses daily Nearly 46% of project participants gained full-time employment within 3 months of project completion. Eighty-two percent of those remained employed for at least 2 years. This is an example of project - ANS evaluation The BEST measure of the effect of an oral health program is - ANS health improvement Testlet 2 A middle-school administrator is concerned about the increased frequency of cigarette smoking among the sixth through eighth grade students in her school. She asks her dental hygienist to develop a program for raising the awareness of the dangers of smoking. To determine the current level of smoking behavior and awareness of the danger of smoking, the dental hygienist asked each student in the seventh grade to answer a six-item questionnaire. Two weeks later, the dental hygienist gave a presentation on the general and oral health dangers of cigarette smoking to all seventh grade students. Two weeks following the presentation, the seventh grade students were given a questionnaire containing the same items as on the pre-test. The questionnaire given to students before the presentation on smoking dangers serves as the - ANS control Which one of the following inferences can be made from this study? - ANS Significant learning occurred regarding the relationship of smoking to infant birthweight
When influenza "X" reached the East Coast this week, thousands of school aged children and institutionalized elders were hospitalized with high fevers, dehydration, and pneumonia. the BEST epidemiological term to describe this occurrence is - ANS epidemic Which of the following nerves supplies the intrinsic muscles of the tongue - ANS Hypoglossal
