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2025 - 2026 ARDMS EXAM |ACTUAL 150 +QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS|A+GRADE|100% VERIFIED
The congenital cardiac anaomaly seen most frequently inadults is:
A. Ebstein's anomaly
B. Bicuspid aortic valve
C. Ventricular septal defect
D. Endocardial cushion defect
ANS:->>> B.Bicuspid aortic valve Which endocardiographic window is used in the detectionand assessment of the inferior vena cava?
A. apical
B. subcostal
C. parasternal
D. suprsternal ANS:->>> B. Subcostal
What is the number and location of the papillary musclesof a normal mitral valve?
A. one; the posteromedial
B. two; the posterolmedial and anterolateral
C. two; the inferolateral and posteromedial
D. three; the anterolateral, posteromedial, and inferolateral
ANS:->>>B. two; the posterolateraland anterolateral Clinically, prolapse of the mitral valve is associated with:
A. Opening snap and systolic murmur
B. Diastolic murmur and third heart sound
C. Fixed splitting of the second heart sound
D. Midsystolic click and/or late systolic murmur
ANS:->>>D. Midsystolic click and/or late systolic murmur Papillary muscle dysfunction usually results from:
A. Dressler's syndrome
B. Ischemic heart disease
C. Bacterial endocarditis
D. Rheumatic heart disease Correct Answer:
B. Ischemicheart disease In order to record the vegetation's of endocarditis by echo,the vegetation's must have a diameter of at least:
A. One centimeter
B. Three millimeters
C. Three centimeters
D. Five millimeters
ANS:->>>B. Threemillimeters How many veins connect the pulmonary vascular bedwith the left atrium in the normal heart?
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
ANS:->>>D. four Which M-mode finding is considered to be a specificindicator of a fenestrated aortic valve?
a. diastolic flutter of the mitral valve
b. premature opening of the aortic valve
c. diastolic flutter of the aortic valve
d. eary systolic closure of the aortic valve
ANS:->>>c. diastolic flutter of the aortic valve Which cardiac abnormalities are frequently noted on theechocardiogram of patients with Marfan's syndrome?
A. mitral stenosis and pericardial effusion
B. mitral valve prolapse and aortic dilatation
C. left ventricular aneurysm and thrombus formation
D. dilatation of the pulmonary artery and pulmonic stenosis
ANS:->>>b. mitral valve prolapse andpericardial effusion Which term is used to describe a segment of ventrcularwall that exhibits no
d. parasternal short axis
ANS:->>>b. apical fourchamber Infundibular pulmonary stenosis is uncommon as anisolated lesion and is usually associated with:
a. tricuspid atresia
b. atrial septal defect
c. coarctation of the aorta
d. ventricular septal defect
ANS:->>>d. Ventricularseptal defect Which two-dimensional echocardiographic view is bestfor the assessment of the interatrial septum?
a. apical long axis
b. apical four chamber
c. parasternal short axis
d. subcostal four chamber
ANS:->>>d. subcostal The most common type of atrial septal defect is the:
a. ostium primum
b. sinus venosus
c. coronary sinus
d. ostium secundum
ANS:->>>d. ostium secundum M-mode echo demenstration of mid-systolic closure of the pulmonary valve along with a decreased "a" wave ismost consistent with:
a. pulmonary hypertension
b. pulmonary insufficiency
c. valvular pulmonary stenosis
d. infundibular pulmonary stenosis
ANS:->>>a.pulmonary hypertension False overriding of the aorta may be produced on the M-mode echo by:
a. using a transducer with too low a frequency
b. failure to turn the patient into a left decubitus position
c. positioning the transducer in too high an intercostalspace
d. positioning the transducer in too low an intercostal space
ANS:->>>c. positioning the transducer intoo high an intercostal space Atrial fibrillation is most commonly associated withwhich valvular disease?
a. bicuspid aortic valve
b. mitral valve prolapse
c. calcific aortic stenosis
d. rheumatic mitral stenosis
ANS:->>>d. rheumaticmitral stenosis Which is an example of a bioprosthetic cardiac valve?
a. Starr-Edwards ball
b. Bjork-Shiley tilting disc
c. St.Jude Medical bileaflet
d. Ionescu-Shiley bovine pericardial
ANS:->>>D.Ionescu-Shiley bovine pericardial Doppler measures a pressure drop (gradient) by the Bernoulli equation. This equation actually measures the gradient across the valve.
a. mean
b. peak to peak
c. peak instantaneous
d. pressure half-time
ANS:->>>c. peakinstantaneous When a patient has a clinical diagnosis of pericarditis:
The patient you are examining has clear cut auscultatoryand angiographic evidence for mital prolapse, yet the resting echocardiogram is normal. You should then:
a. raise the patient's leg
b. perform a cold pressor test
c. echo the patient in the standing position
d. have the patient hold his breathe in deep inspirationANS:->>>c. echo
the patient in the standing position Tricuspid valve closure normally occurs:
a. before mitral closure
b. simultaneous with mitral closure
c. less than 0.06 seconds after mitral closure
d. more than 0.06 seconds after mitral closure ANS:->>>c. less than 0.
seconds after mitral closure Kawasaki's disease may lead to:
a. aortic valve prolapse
b. tricuspid regurgitation
c. coronary artery aneurysm
d. ruptured chordae tendineae ANS:->>>c.coronary artery
aneurysm Which echocardiographic techinique is best for thedetection of mitral regurg?
a. M-mode
b. pulsed Doppler
c. two-dimensional
d. apexcardiogram ANS:->>>b. pulsed Doppler
A two-dimensional echocardiogram shows increased thickness of the ventricular walls but normal LV size. Themyocardium has a speckled appearance. Which type of cardiomyopathy might this represent?
a. ischemic
b. congestive
c. infiltrative
d. hypertrophic obstructive ANS:->>>c. infiltrative
Atrial myxomas are usually attached to the:
a. left atrial appendage
b. mitral valve leaflets
c. posterior left atrial free wall
d. fossa ovalis region of the atrial septum Correct Answer:
d. fossa ovalis region of the atrial septum Which 2 - D views are best for direct imaging of thediscrete subaortic membrane?
a. parasternal long and short axis views
b. apical five chamber and apical long axis views
c. subcostal long axis and apical four chamber views
d. parasternal long axis and apical two chamber views ANS:->>>b. apical
five chamber and apical longaxis views
a. dampening
b. aliasing
c. mirroring
d. contouring ANS:->>>b. aliasing
An underestimation of the severity of aortic stenosis bycontinuous wave Doppler may occur with:
a. high gain settings
b. low cardiac
c. aortic regurgitation
d. increased cardiac output ANS:->>>b. lowcardiac output
Doppler ultrasound may show retrograde flow velocites within the ascending aorta during diastole in the presenceof:
a. aortic regurg
b. patient ductus arterosis
c. aorticpulmonary window
d. aorticsubclavian shunts ANS:->>>a. aorticregurg
A patient with a recent myocardial infarction is dianosisedwith Dressler's syndrome. Special care in performing a 2- D study should be followed to rule out:
a. RV infarction
b. left atrial thrombi
c. pericardial effusion
d. aortic root dissection ANS:->>>c. pericardialeffusion
In a patient with mitral stenosis, a continuous wave Doppler study shows a peak diastole velocity of 2m/s.What is the peak pressure gradient across the mitral valve?
a. 8 mm Hg
b. 16 mm Hg
c. 32 mm Hg
d. 90 mm Hg ANS:->>>b. 16 mm Hg
In patients with tricuspid atresia, blood flow will shuntfrom the right atrium to the left atrium through a:
a. ostium primum defect
b. patent foramen ovale
c. coronary sinus defect
d. patent ductus arteriosus ANS:->>>b. patentforamen ovale
A 22 year old patient with Down Syndrome is referred tothe echo lab. The most common lesion associated with these patients is:
a. tetralogy of Fallot
b. bicuspid aortic valve
c. AV septal defect
d. transposition of the great arteries ANS:->>>c.AV septal defect
a. apical
b. subcostal
c. suprasternal
d. left parasternal ANS:->>>b. subcostal
For patients with aortic stenosis and atrial fib, peaksystolic aortic velocity will be:
a. unaffected by R-R intervals
b. lower following long R-R intervals
c. higher following long R-R intervals
d. higher following short R-R intervals Correct Answer:
c. higher following long R-R intervals Aliasing on color flow Doppler is shown by a:
a. mosaic of colors
b. display of green
c. reversal in color
d. reversal in intensity ANS:->>>c. reversal incolor
Premature mitral valve closure on M-mode is a sign ofhigh left ventricular diastolic pressure in:
a. aortic stenosis
b. aortic insuff
c. mitral insuff
d. 1st degree heart block ANS:->>>b. aortic insuff
Midsystolic clicks and/or late systolic murmurs are mostcharacteristic of:
a. mitral stenosis
b. pulmonary stenosis
c. aortic valve prolapse
d. mitral valve prolapse ANS:->>>d. MVP
The two most frequently encountered congenital heartlesions diagnosted in adults are:
a. ASD and VSD
b. ASD and PDA
c. ASD and bicuspid AoV
d. VSD and bicuspid AoV ANS:->>>c. ASD andbicuspid AoV
Endothelialized can have the same tissue characteristics as myocardium by 2 - D echo:
a. thrombi
b. vegetation's
c. anomalous chordae
d. ring calcification ANS:->>>a. thrombi
Estein's anomaly is characterized by a displacementof all or part of the tricupid valve into the RV cavity.
a. medial
b. lateral
c. superior
d. inferior ANS:->>>d. inferior
a. aneurysm formation
b. aortic insuff
c. LV outflow obstruction
d. calcification of the mitral ring ANS:->>>a.aneurysm formation
In patients with large pericardial effusions the motion ofthe pericardium may be:
a. damped
b. increased
c. unchanged
d. paradoxical ANS:->>>a. damped
Echocardiographically, patients with congestivecardiomyopathy have left ventricles which are:
a. thick and hyperdynamic
b. dilated and poorly contracting
c. increased shortening fraction and hypertrophy
d. hypertrophied with normal chamber size and motionANS:->>>b. dilated
and poorly contracting On a two-dimensional echocardiogram, a cleft mitralvalve may be confused with an anatomic:
a. bicuspid valve
b. tricuspid valve
c. floppy mitral valve
d. parachute mitral valve ANS:->>>b. tricuspidvalve
In which view is the ultrasound beam most perpendicularto the interatrial septum?
a. apical 4 chamber
b. apical long axis
c. subcostal 4 chamber
d. parasternal short axis ANS:->>>c. subcostal 4 chamber
To determine peak aortic velocity in patients with aorticstenosis, the Doppler utilized should be:
a. pulsed
b. mechanical
c. cross sectional
d. continuous wave ANS:->>>d. continuous wave
In patients with ventricular septal defects and left to rightshunting the maybe dilated.
a. left atrium
b. right atrium
c. left ventricle
d. pulmonary veins ANS:->>>a. left atrium
Secondary findings in mitral stenosis can be:
a. left ventricular hypertrophy and dilation
b. left ventricular and atrial dilation
c. right atrial enlargement and mitral regurg
d. left ventricular dimension changes ANS:->>>d.left ventricular dimension
changes Which of the following parameters is least likely to affectserial left ventricular dimension measurements on M- mode?
a. respiration
b. patient position
c. transducer position
d. transducer frequency ANS:->>>d. transducerfrequency
A left ventricular thrombus is usually in an area of:
a. hyperkinesis
b. abnormal wall motion
c. ventricular enlargement
d. ventricular hypertrophy ANS:->>>a. abormalwall motion
In order to distinguish between pleural and pericardialeffusions on a two- dimensional echocardiogram it is helpful to identify the:
a. abdominal aorta
b. ascending aorta
c. transverse aorta
d. descending aorta ANS:->>>d. descending aorta
Rupture of the interventricular septum is most often acomplication of:
a. aortic insuff
b. myocardial infarction
c. perforation of pacing wires
d. subacute bacterial endocarditis ANS:->>>b.myocardial infarction
An M-mode of a mitral heterograph valve resembles anM-mode of which valve?
a. mitral
b. aortic
c. pulmonic
d. tricuspid ANS:->>>b. aortic
Which technique would best allow you to assess theseverity of aortic regurgitation?
a. pulsed wave Doppler
b. coninuous wave Doppler
c. M-mode echocardiography
d. two-dimensional echocardiography ANS:->>>a.pulsed wave Doppler
Which of the following valves is most often affected inpatients with rheumatic heart disease?
a. aortic
b. mitral
c. pulmonic
