Download 2025-2026 CNIT 176 exam 1 with 79 complete solutions Graded A+. and more Exams Computer Programming in PDF only on Docsity!
complete solutions Graded A+.
2025 - 2026 CNIT 176 exam 1 with 79
complete solutions Graded A+.
Model - ANSWER One way of breaking down the layers of a computing system and thinking about how computers function
Task - ANSWER Write a program that does soemthing
Algorithm - ANSWER Breaking the task down ( Flow chart)
Program - ANSWER Each step of algorithm might translate to many lines of code
Instruction Set Architecture - ANSWER Processor independent program translated to a processor dependent program
Microarchitecture - ANSWER The ISA is implemented by connecting small hardware components together to make a microarchitecture
Logic Gates - ANSWER Every component of the micro architecture can be implemented with.
Devices - ANSWER A network of transistors makes up a logic gate. These transistors have a charge which is manipulated by electrons and can be interpreted as either 1 or 0
Abstraction - ANSWER A mental model that removes complex details
Generation zero - ANSWER mechanical calculating machines
Generation zero (year) - ANSWER 1642-
complete solutions Graded A+.
First Generation - ANSWER Vacuum Tube computers
First Generation (year) - ANSWER 1945-
Second Generation - ANSWER Transistorized computers
Second Generation (year) - ANSWER 1954-
Transistor - ANSWER Replaced vacuum tube, fast, small, durable and cheap
Magnetic Core - ANSWER Replaced, magnetic drums, information available instantly
Magnetic Disks - ANSWER Replaced magnetic tape, data can be accessed directly
Third Generation - ANSWER Integrated circuit computers
Third Generation (year) - ANSWER 1965-
Integrated circuits - ANSWER Replaces circuit boards, smaller, cheaper, faster, more reliable
Terminal - ANSWER An input/output device with a keyboard and screen
Fourth Generation - ANSWER VLSI Computers
Fourth Generation (year) - ANSWER 1980 - ????
complete solutions Graded A+.
Lossy - ANSWER Trades off data degradation for file size and download speed
Bitmap (raster) images - ANSWER used for realistic images with continuous variations in shading color, shape and texture
Pixel - ANSWER picture element
Monochrome - ANSWER Black or white, 1 bit per pixel
Gray scale - ANSWER black, white or 254 shades of gray
Color graphics - ANSWER 16, 256, or 24-bit color ( 16.7 million colors)
Resolution - ANSWER the number of pixels per inch
Levels - ANSWER numbers for bits for displaying shades of gray or multiple colors
Pallete - ANSWER Color translation table that uses a code for each pixel rather than actual color value
GIF - ANSWER (Graphic interchange format) lossless compression
PNG - ANSWER (Portable Network Graphics)
JPEG - ANSWER (Joint Photographics Expert Group) lossy compression
Object(vector) images - ANSWER created by drawing software or output from spreadsheet or data graphs. Composed of lines and shapes in various colors.
complete solutions Graded A+.
Object images - ANSWER Based on mathematical formulas. Requires less storage space than bitmap images
Page description language - ANSWER List of procedures and statements that describe each of the objects to be printed on a page
Streaming video - ANSWER Video displayed in real time as it is downloaded from the web server
MIDI ( musical instrument digital interface) - ANSWER instructions to recreate or synthesize sounds
Sampling rate - ANSWER Number of times per second that sound is measured during the recording process
MP3 - ANSWER Predominant digital audio data format. Uses psycho acoustic lossy compression
WAV - ANSWER developed by Microsoft as part of its multimedia specification. General - purpose format for storing and reproducing small snippets of sound
Boolean - ANSWER 2-valued variables or constants with valves of true or false
Char - ANSWER Variable or constant that holds alphanumeric character
Enumerated - ANSWER User-defined data types with possible valves listed in definition
Integer - ANSWER Positive or negative whole numbers
Real numbers - ANSWER Numbers with a decimal point. Numbers whose magnitude, large or small, exceeds computer's capability to store as an integer
complete solutions Graded A+.
two inputs is '1', its output is '1'.
NOT gate - ANSWER A logic gate that outputs the opposite value to the input
NAND gate - ANSWER an inverted AND gate
XOR gate - ANSWER Result is true if either input is true but not if both inputs are true
NOR gate - ANSWER an inverted OR gate
XNOR gate - ANSWER inverted XOR gate
Universal logic gates - ANSWER NAND and NOR
