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2025 - 2026 EMT FINAL EXAM
JBLEARNING|VERIFIED 170 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS|A+GRADE ASSURED
When assessing a conscious patient who overdosed on a drug, you should FIRST determine: A) The patient's weight in kg. B) the type of medication ingested. C) When the medication was ingested. D) If there is a history of prior overdose. B While triaging patients at a mass-casualty incident, you encounter a 4-year-old child who is breathing at a rate of 54 breaths/min. What should you do? A) Apply high-flow oxygen B) Tag the child as immediate C) Assess for distal pulses D) Ventilate with a bag-mask device B A prolapsed umbilical cord is dangerous because the: A) cord might pull the placenta from the uterine wall during delivery. B) mother may die of hypoxia due to compromised placental blood flow. C) cord may be wrapped around the baby's neck, causing strangulation. D) baby's head may compress the cord, cutting off its supply of oxygen. D
Your assessment of the newborn reveals that she has a patent airway, is breathing adequately, and has a heart rate of 130 beats/min. Her face and trunk are pink, but her hands and feet are cyanotic. You have clamped and cut the umbilical cord, but the placenta has not yet delivered. You should: A) massage the lower part of the mother's uterus until the placenta delivers. B) give the newborn high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask and transport. C) reassess the newborn every 5 minutes and transport after the placenta delivers. D) keep the newborn warm, give oxygen to the mother if needed, and transport. D A patient overdosed on several drugs and is unresponsive with shallow breathing and facial cyanosis. As you continue your assessment, the patient suddenly vomits. You should: A) suction his oropharynx at once. B) turn the patient onto his side. C) insert an oropharyngeal airway. D) begin assisting his ventilations. B A known diabetic female is found unresponsive. Her respirations are rapid and shallow; her skin is cool, clammy, and pale; and her pulse is rapid and weak. Which of the following would BEST explain the likely cause of her condition? A) Insulin overdose B) Excessive eating C) High blood sugar
B
A 69-year-old man complains of dyspnea that began two days ago and has gotten worse. Which of the following assessments would give you the MOST information regarding the possible cause of his dyspnea? A) Lung sounds B) Mental status C) Oxygen saturation D) Pulse rate and quality A A 73-year-old male presents with confusion; cool, pale, clammy skin; absent radial pulses; and a blood pressure of 70/40 mm Hg. The patient's wife tells you that he has had abdominal pain for a week and began vomiting a coffee-ground substance yesterday. His past medical history includes hypertension and gastric ulcer disease. Your MOST immediate concern should be that: A) his blood glucose level is probably too high. B) he is bleeding from his gastrointestinal tract. C) he is in shock and requires prompt transport. D) his condition requires surgery within 2 hours. C Which of the following is an abnormal finding? A) Heart rate of 80 beats/min in a 3-month-old infant
B) Rapid, irregular breathing in a newly born infant C) Systolic BP of 100 mm Hg in a 10-year-old child D) Respiratory rate of 26 breaths/min in a 2-year-old child A Unresponsiveness, shallow breathing, and constricted pupils are indicative of which type of drug overdose? A) Narcotic B) Marijuana C) Barbiturate D) Amphetamine A Which of the following conditions would MOST likely cause flushed skin? A) Blood loss B) Hypothermia C) Exposure to heat D) Low blood pressure C A 46-year-old man presents with generalized weakness and shortness of breath after he was bitten on the leg by a rattlesnake. His blood pressure is 106/58 mm Hg and his pulse rate is 112 beats/min. Treatment for this patient should include: A) elevation of the affected part and ice packs.
C) continue abdominal thrusts until ALS responders arrive. D) assess for a carotid pulse for up to 10 seconds. B Sudden cardiac arrest in the adult population MOST often is the result of: A) myocardial infarction. B) respiratory failure. C) a cardiac dysrhythmia. D) accidental electrocution. C A 31-year-old man presents with uncontrolled twitching of his left arm that began shortly after he experienced an odd taste in his mouth. He denies loss of consciousness and states that this has happened to him before. What should you suspect? A) Absence seizure B) Generalized seizure C) Simple partial seizure D) Complex partial seizure Feedback : Seizures are classified as being generalized or partial. Generalized seizures are further classified as being tonic-clonic (formerly called grand mal) or absence (formerly called petit mal) seizures. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures result from abnormal electrical discharges from large areas of the brain, usually involving both hemispheres. They are characterized by unconsciousness and generalized severe twitching of the body's muscles; they last several minutes or longer.
Absence seizures are characterized by a brief lapse of consciousness in which the patient seems to stare and does not respond to anyone. Absence seizures do not involve any changes in motor activity. Partial (focal) seizures begin in one part of the brain and are classified as simple and complex. In a simple partial seizure, no change occurs in the patient's level of consciousness. Patients may report numbness, weakness, or dizziness. The senses may also be involved; the patient may report visual changes and unusual smells or tastes. A simple partial seizure may also cause twitching of the extremity muscles that spreads slowly from one part of the body to another. In a complex partial seizure, the patient has an altered mental status and does not interact normally with his or her environment. This type of seizure results from abnormal discharges from the temporal lobe of the brain. Other signs may include lip smacking, eye blinking, and isolated convulsions or jerking of the body or one part of the body, such as the arm. The patient may experience unpleasant smells and visual hallucinations, exhibit uncontrollable fear, or exhibit repetitive physical behavior such as constant sitting or standing. C Which of the following is the MOST reliable indicator of a fractured spinal vertebra? A) Lack of pain at the site of the injury B) Palpable pain at the site of the injury C) Decreased movement on one side of the body D) Decreased grip strength in the upper extremities B When treating a patient with chest pain, pressure, or discomfort, you should FIRST:
C) Sinoatrial node D) Atrioventricular node C The coronary arteries fill with blood when the: A) aortic valve closes. B) left ventricle contracts. C) aortic valve opens. D) right ventricle contracts. A What type of injury occurs when a joint is twisted or stretched beyond its normal range of motion, resulting in swelling but no deformity? A) Sprain B) Strain C) Fracture D) Dislocation A Which of the following is considered a severe burn in a pediatric patient?
A) Partial thickness burns to 15% of the body surface area B) Any full-thickness burn, regardless of body surface coverage C) Any partial-thickness burn that involves the lower extremities D) Superficial burns that cover 5% to 10% of the body surface area B Which of the following patients would MOST likely present with vague or unusual symptoms of an acute myocardial infarction? A) 55-year-old obese female B) 66-year-old male with angina C) 72-year-old female with diabetes D) 75-year-old male with hypertension Feedback : Not all patients experiencing acute myocardial infarction (AMI) present with the classic signs and symptoms one would expect. Middle-aged men often minimize their symptoms and attribute their chest pain or discomfort to indigestion. Some patients, however, do not experience any pain. In particular, elderly women with diabetes may present with vague, unusual, or atypical symptoms of AMI; their only presenting complaint may be fatigue or syncope. Do not rule out a cardiac problem just because a patient is not experiencing chest pain, pressure, or discomfort; this is especially true in elderly females with diabetes. C
D) retroperitoneum. B Failure of the EMT to obtain consent from a responsive patient before taking his or her blood pressure may constitute: A) battery. B) negligence. C) abandonment. D) assault. A Which of the following devices is contraindicated in patients with blunt thoracic trauma? A) Oral airway B) Nasal airway C) Bag-valve-mask device D) Oxygen-powered ventilator D
Chest compression effectiveness is MOST effectively assessed by: A) listening for a heartbeat with each compression. B) carefully measuring the depth of each compression. C) palpating for a carotid pulse with each compression. D) measuring the systolic blood pressure during compressions. C A 57-year-old male presents with flu-like symptoms. He is conscious and alert; his skin is pink, warm, and dry; and he denies chest pain or respiratory distress. During your assessment, you cannot feel radial or carotid pulses, and are unable to obtain a blood pressure. Which of the following would MOST likely explain this? A) He is in the advanced stages of shock B) He has a left ventricular assist device C) He has a dissecting aortic aneurysm D) He recently had a coronary artery bypass B In most states, the EMT is required to report which of the following occurrences? A) Animal bite B) Drug overdose
B) listen for airway noises. C) count the respiratory rate. D) look at the rise of the chest. D Which of the following structures stimulates the ventricles and causes them to contract? A) Sinus node B) Sinoatrial node C) Purkinje fibers D) Atrioventricular node C In which of the following circumstances would external bleeding be the LEAST difficult to control? A) Lacerated brachial artery; BP of 140/90 mm Hg B) Lacerated jugular vein; BP of 100/60 mm Hg C) Lacerated carotid artery; BP of 90/50 mm Hg D) Lacerated femoral vein; BP of 70/40 mm Hg D
A 29-year-old man with abdominal pain tells the EMT that he has hemophilia A. This means that: A) his red blood cells break down rapidly. B) he will lose blood at a much faster rate. C) his risk for a pulmonary embolism is high. D) he will bleed for a longer period of time. D The chest pain associated with an acute coronary syndrome is often described as: A) sharp. B) stabbing. C) pressure. D) cramping. C A young woman reports significant weight loss over the last month, persistent fever, and night sweats. When you assess her, you note the presence of dark purple lesions covering her trunk and upper extremities. You should suspect: A) HIV infection. B) tuberculosis. C) rheumatic fever.
To ensure you deliver the highest concentration of oxygen with a nonrebreathing mask, you should: A) set the flow rate to at least 10 to 12 L/min. B) securely fasten the mask to the patient's face. C) make sure that the reservoir bag is preinflated. D) cover the one-way valves on the oxygen mask. C A 30-year-old man sustained partial-thickness burns to the anterior chest and both anterior arms. Based on the Rule of Nines, what percentage of his body surface area has been burned? A) 9% B) 18% C) 27% D) 36% B A 44-year-old male complains of dizziness and lightheadedness. His BP is 88/ mm Hg; his heart rate is 190 beats/min and weak; and his skin is cool, clammy, and pale. Which of the following would BEST explain why his BP is low? A) Widespread systemic vasoconstriction
B) Decreased ventricular filling time C) Increased ventricular stroke volume D) Decreased myocardial oxygen demand B Which of the following signs or symptoms would you MOST likely encounter in a patient with an inflamed gallbladder? A) Vomiting dark red blood B) Pain in the right shoulder C) Bruising around the umbilicus D) Pain to the right lower quadrant B Assessment of a 40-year-old patient reveals respiratory distress, tachycardia, audible expiratory wheezing, and an oxygen saturation of 88%. The EMT should suspect: A) fluid in the lower airways. B) diffuse bronchoconstriction. C) swelling in the laryngeal area. D) infection of the lower airway. B
