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2025 572 CV Exam 1 (answer with term)2025 572 CV Exam 1 (answer with term)
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stable angina Brief (<10 min) discomfort during exertion or emotional stress Tx for stable angina rest and nitro St depression ECG characteristics of stable angina Prinzmetals angina Coronary artery spasms caused by hypercalcemia Prinzmetals angina Pain often occurs at rest and may last up to 30 minutes. Can occur in the absence of atherosclerosis Tx of Prinzmetals angina CCB
subsets of Acute coronary syndrome unstable angina Anginal pain at rest and last longer than 30 mins unstable angina Occurs when thrombi projects into but do not completely occlude the lumen NSTEMI Acute MI
troponin lab test that is 100% specific for myocardial necrosis circumflex artery affected with lateral wall ischemia RCA artery affected with inferior wall ischemia LAD artery affected with anterior/septal wall ischemia septal __ MI= V1 and V anterior ____ MI= V3 V inferior ____ MI= II, II, aVf lateral
___ MI= v5,v6, aVl 3-6 and q when and how often should troponin be drawn for ACS S/S 10 mins how soon should a 12 lead be completed when a pt arrives with CP? sinus bradycardia arrhythmia associated with inferior wall MI Tx for afib beta blockers, if contraindicated, give diltiazem AV block conduction disturbance complication in inferior wall MI BBB conduction disturbance complication in anterior wall MI acute RV infarction occurs with 1/3 of inferior wall MI pts
triglycerides transports lipids to the fat cells where they are stored as fat sugar and alcohol triglyceride production is greatly increased by the 2 things: ___,____ apolipoproteins are the carriers of cholesterol particles in the blood. better assessment of lipids, but rarely used lipid metabolism process eat--> fat is picked up in the gut--> triglycerides produced--> fatty acids are absorbed as chylomicrons and they go to the liver--> then gets converted to VLDL or LDL then it goes to cells of the body... excess comes from the cells as HDL VLDL 10-15% of total serum cholesterol
TG level ______ risk for metabolic syndrome
TG level ______ presence of increased quantities of atherogenic remnant lipoproteins
TG level______ risk for acute pancreatitis,
borderline high LDL 160- high LDL < low HDL
high HDL < goal LDL
goal HDL < goal triglycerides Hypothyroidism, nephrosis, dysgammaglobulinemia, progestin or anabolic steroid treatment, cholestatic disease of the liver, or protease
inhibitors for treatment of HIV conditions causing increased total cholesterol and LDL Chronic renal failure, T2DM, obesity, alcohol, hypothyroidism, antihypertensive medications, Corticosteroid therapy, oral contraceptives conditions causing increased triglycerides cholesterol less than 200/day, sat fat <5-6% of calories, fiber 10-25 mg/a day, weight management, control of htn, physical activity lifestyle changes for lipid management atorvastatin and rosuvastatin high intensity statins to dec LDL by 30-50%? atorvastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin, rosuvastating, pravastatin, fluvastatin moderate intensity statin to decrease LDL by 20-50% simvastatin, pravastatin, lovastatin Low intensity statin to decrease LDL <30% bile acid sequestrats dec LDL by 15-25% but may inc TGL
blie acid sequesterants contraindicated when? bile acid sequestrants Cholestyramine (Questran) Cholesevelam (WelChol) Colestipol (Colestid). these drugs are _____ fibric acid derivates these drugs are examples of Gemfibrozil (Lopid) Fenofibrate (Tricor) hepatic/renal fibric acid derivatives are contraindicated in what patients ezetimibe slight risk of gallstones, caution with hepatic disease long chain omega 3 fatty acids careful in patients on anticoag therapy ezetimibe decreases absorption of dietary cholesterol
stool when ezetimibe dec dietary absorption of cholesterol, where does the cholesterol go? Greasy ezetimibe causes ___ stool statins dec LDL, VLDL, TGLs and inc HDL 5 mins for proper BP measurements, pt must e poperly prepared and resting for appx __ mins 30 no caffeine, smoking, and or exercise for ___ mins prior to BP measurement DIastolic+1/3 (sbp-dbp) MAP fomrula with pressures CO x SVR MAP formula with swan cath
