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2025 VIRGINIA COMMERCIAL PESTICIDE CORE
EXAM|ACTUAL 400+ EXAM Qs&As|LATEST UPDATE
SPRING 2025|A+ GRADE ASSURED
Private Applicator - Certified applicator who uses or supervises the use of any restricted use pesticide to produce an agricultural commodity Renewal of Certification Commercial Applicator - Certification Expires June 30th Second yr after issue. OPS will send a renewal notice. Continuing education credits required. Certified Commercial Applicator - uses pesticide for any use other than as described for private applicator Certified Registered Technician - individual who performs services similar to commercial applicator. May use general use pesticides on the job without supervision and may use RUPs only under direct supervision. 20 hours job training and 20 hours manual study Type of Applicators - For Hire, Not for hire- only on property owned or leased by the applicator or by his or her employer, Government Employees, Inactive
Responsibilities - - Adherence to Pesticide Label
- Supervision of Registered Tech and Person in Training
- Recordkeeping
- Licensing
- Reporting Accidents Adherence to Label - Label is legal agreement between EPA, Manufacturer and User Supervision of Registered Technicians and Uncertified Persons in Training - - uncertified must have direct onsite supervision for any pesticide. Tech must have onsite supervision for restricted use. Recordkeeping - - must keep records of all applications for minimum of 2 years. Reporting Incidents - Report all accidents that pose a threat to any person, public health, or the environment via telephone within 48 hours to VDACS-OPS. Written report also required within 10 days. Additional reports may need to be made depending on severity. Pesticide Business License - - $50 annual and a separate license is needed for each location.
Occasional Pests - Migratory or cyclical and require intermittent control Secondary Pests - Control only under certain circumstances required Identification - Required to address a situation including:
- Physical Features
- Characteristics of damage
- Development and Biology
- Key, Secondary, or Occasional
- Control Goal Basic Pest Groups - - Weeds
- Parasites and Diseases
- Mollusks
- Arthropods
- Vertebrates Weeds - - Hardy and Aggressive
- Large seed production efficiently spread
- Spreading by runners or underground stems
- Weed seeds can remain dormant for extended duration
- Can tolerate harsh conditions
- Can compete for soil moisture, light, and nutrients better than cultivated plants Monocot - - One leaf seed
- Parallel Leaf Veins
- Fibrous Routs
- Grasses and Lillies
- Crabgrass, Johnsongrass Dicott (broadleaves - - Two seed leafs
- Broad or narrow leaves with netlike veins
- Flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5
- Taproots penetrate deep into soil
- Some have wppdy stems
- Trees and Shrubs
- Poison ivy, dandelions Annuals - - Live 1 yr or less
- Germinate from seed, grow, flower, set seed and die within 12 months
- Summer annuals germinate in spring or summer and flower in later summer or early fall
- Crabgrass, Russian thistle
- Winter annuals germinate in late summer, fall, or winter and flower in the spring
- Jointed legs for walking and other specialized appendages such as antennas, pinchers, sucking tubes, etc. Insects - - Produce large offspring numbers
- Can be difficult to identify because body changes as they develop called Metamorphosis
Gradual Metamorphosis - - Insects Develop from egg to wingless nymphs then mature adults with no pupa stage
- Nymphs look similar to adults as they feed and grow they molt(shed) multiple times growing larger
- grasshopper, cockroaches Complete Metamorphosis - 4 Stages: Egg, Larva, Pupa, Adult
- Larvae look very different from adult
- Larvae are active feeders and often look like worms with antennas and legs
- Pupa often cocooned
- Adult form produces eggs for next generation
- Moths, butterfly, ant, wasp, fleas Arachnids - Wingless Arthropods with 4 pairs of legs on the rear body section and noantennas
- Two body parts: Cephalothora (head and thorax) and abdomen
- spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions Vertebrates - Animals with backbone including mammals, birds, reptiles, and fish
- Become pests when they damage property, agriculture, or are a threat to human health and safety
- Indoor control focuses on eradication of rodent pests
Pest Control Goals - 1. Prevention- minimizing the chances of a problem 2. Suppression- reducing the number of pests
- Eradication- destroying an entire pest population
IPM - - Goal is to implement chemical and non-chemical strategies into a singular plan that is the least harmful to humans and the environment while reducing pest populations to an acceptable level. IPM Controls - Natural controls include climate, natural enemies, geographic barriers,food and water supply, and availability of shelter; use these to your advantage when available in combination with chemicals. Introduced species and non native species often thrive and grow as no natural enemies exist in their environment. Applied controls; elements of IPM Program - - Host Resistance
- Biological Control
- Cultural Control
- Mechanical and Physical Control Host Resistance - The ability of a plant, animal, or structure to withstand and prevent pests. Chemicals in the host or the host in general being more vigorous than pests. Using the host resistant helps keep pest population low by creating unfavorable conditions. Biological Control - Use of living organisms (or their products) to control pests that are natural enemies. They can be predators, parasites, or pathogens that
Mechanical Controls - Includes handheld tools such as plows, trimmers, shovels, and cultivators Physical Control - Involves changing environmental conditions such as water, air movement, temperature, light and humidity. Five Qualities of Pesticides - Efficacy- effectiveness Persistence-period of activity Mobility-tendency to run off or change form Toxicity-harmful effects Mode of Action-how it works Contact Pesticide - Effective only where the pesticide touches the pest. Remain on surface of plants or animals and are not absorbed. Systemic Pesticides - Move internally through an organism after an insect eats or plant absorbs them. Can be fed or injected into livestock and can be useful for perennial weed control as they move into roots after being absorbed. Disiccants - Promote drying or loss of moisture from plant tissues Label - Main communication and legal agreement between EPA, Manufacturer,
and End User following guidelines set by law that must be complied with. Labeling - Label itself and additional information about the product ex. brochures, leaflets, etc. EPA Approval - No pesticide can be sold in the US until EPA has reviewed manufacturers application for registration and epa sees that use of product according tolabel does not present unreasonable risk to humans Reregistration - EPA continuous review of pesticide data and risk to identify and reduce risk. Epa must be able to reasonable see no harm will come to infants children or other exposed Safety Testing - Toxicity Tests- How poisonous is the pesticide to humans? Chronic Effects? Dermal Reactions? Environmental Fate Studies- What happens to pesticides after applied? How long dothey break down? etc. Includes residue tests and efficacy which are basis of labeling Tolerance - Maximum amount of pesticide residual that can remain on every food crop at harvest or slaughter
Types of Registrations - Standard Registration Section 3 Special Local Need Registration 24(c) Emergency Section 18 Registration Minimum Risk 25(b) Restricted Use Pesticides RUP Standard Federal Registration Section 3 - Most common way to register pesticides. Look for this number to know it is registered. Number appears on all labels except minimum risk Special Local Need (SLN) 24(c) - Allows states to expand, limit, or alter the use of federal registered pesticides for perhaps certain sites not listed on the label, and in conditions of threatening pests. SLN's contain supplemental labels that must be on hand when using in new manner. Emergency (Section 18) - Use for certain pesticide when there are no pesticidesregistered issued by EPA after request from state regulatory agency. 4 Type: Specific, Quarantine, Public Health, Crisis If neither Federal or SLN registered in time Emergency reg can be issued. Minimum Risk 25(b) - Products must meet certain conditions and consist of
minimum risk compounds that are low risk active and inert ingredients. Do not require EPA review, Labels, Registration numbers, or Signal word. Cannot have false claims. Must still be registered with VDACS Office of Pesticide Services Restricted Use Pesticide (RUP) - Deemed by the EPA to need additional regulatoryrestrictions to avoid potentially unreasonable adverse affects on environment and handlers. RUP's may harm humans, livestock or other nontargets even when used according to label. Mentioned on front of label. Ingredient Statement - Identifies the name, and percentage by weight of each active ingredient in a specific pesticide product. Also tells percentage of active and inert ingredients by weight. Also lists chemical name Active Ingredient - Chemicals in products that affect or control target pest. Inert Ingredients - Dilute the pesticide or make it safer and or more effective. No direct effect on target pests. Often trade secrets and label only shows percentage of contents. Type of Formulation - may be full name or abbreviation such as WP or wetable powder, D or Dust, and EC or emulsifiable concentrate
EPA Registration Number - Most Important Identifying part. Must appear on front panel. Most are in two sets ex. EPA Reg. 100-497 the 100 is the manufacture and 497 is specific product. Additional numbers may identify distributor. Numbers are needed by handlers if incident occurs. EPA Establishment number - Identifies facility that produced product. Ex. 100- LA-001. 100 is manufacturer, LA indicate produced in Louisianna and 001 means company was the first such facility in the state. Usually appear next to registration number. Important to know in identifying faulty batch. Use Classification Statement - Statement explaining specific hazards of why a productis Restricted Use Precautionary Statements - Includes signal words and phrased Signal Words - based on total contents of product and their acute effects not their delayed allergic effects. Addressed through 4 methods of exposure: Oral, Dermal,Inhalation, Ocular DANGER-POISON W/ Skull and Crossbones - Highly toxic pesticides whose products are likely to cause acute illness regardless of how they enter body or at what does.
DANGER - Pesticide product is hazardous in some manner or through some method ofexposure. Will have NOTE TO PHYSICIAN section. WARNING - Product is moderately toxic by some route of entry Will have NOTE TO PHYSICIAN section. CAUTION - Product slightly toxic and less likely to cause acute illness. Engineering Controls - Part of label to make handler aware of any specific devices required when handling product and any precautions of application methods. Physical or Chemical Hazards - Label section explains special fire, explosion and chemical hazards such as highly flammable. Agriculture Use Requirements - Products with uses covered by the EPA Worker Protection Standard have separate section with direction for uses in agricultural applications. Section of Label with specific instructions for particular use includes:
