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Hints and answers for various math problems related to a math 122 course, including integrals, u-substitutions, function values, and graph comparisons. Students are advised to consider derivatives, area interpretations, and the properties of logarithmic functions.
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(1) One is a function and the other is a number. Explain. (2) Yes. Two antiderivatives must only differ by a constant, and that is absorbed by C. (3) False. (4) (b) is the correct one. The value of the integral is 700. (5) These are all u-substitutions. (a) Try u = sin x. (b) Try u = 1 +
x. (c) Try u = ln(ln x). Compare that to trying u = ln x, which also works. (6) (a) Draw something that intersects twice between x = 1 and x = 5. (b) Draw something where both f and g are entirely above the x-axis. (c) Draw f above the x-axis and make g be the zero function g(x) = 0. (d) Draw f above the x-axis and g below it. (7) Yes, yes, and yes. The formula doesn’t change, you always subtract the smaller from the larger. (8) No. Consider the statement of the theorem of Pappus. (9) False. There was a homework problem like this. (10) (a) 2 ∗ π ∗ 3 ∗ 4 = 24π (b) 2 ∗ π ∗ (
2 π (11) Your class notes contain this information about ln x. (12) You’ll need to consider the first and second derivatives. (13) One way is an area interpretation. Another uses the fact that ln x is increasing. (14) I’d plot several representative points, perhaps letting x = 0, 1 , e, 36 , 64, on some graph paper. You know what the graphs of the two functions look like, so just connect the dots with nice smooth curves. It will be obvious that
x > ln x once you have done this. Take the derivatives of both functions and notice that the derivative of
x is always bigger than the derivative of ln x. Think about why that implies that the square root function is always bigger than the natural log function. (15) Each rectangle with have a base of length 0.5; draw a picture of the rectangles to
figure out the heights. You should get
< ln 3 <
(16) You can show it is always increasing and you can show it passes the horizontal line test. (17) You know that (1, 0) and (e, 1) are on the graph of ln x. Thus you know that (0, 1) and (1, e) are on the graph of f −^1. (18) (19) False. Consider the theorem on page 377. (20) True. Think about how you get the graph of an inverse function. (21) True. Think about the domain and range of f as compared to the range and domain of f −^1.