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Prepare for your nursing exams with these 30 essential multiple-choice questions and answers, covering critical topics like pharmacology, medication management, and pathophysiology. This comprehensive practice guide is designed to help nursing students and professionals sharpen their knowledge and excel in exams. Perfect for exam preparation and boosting your confidence in clinical nursing concepts.
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a) Treatment of diseases b) Study of disease causes and effects c) Development of pharmaceuticals d) Prevention of chronic illnesses Answer: b) Study of disease causes and effects Explanation: Pathophysiology is the study of the physiological processes that lead to the development of diseases, which helps nurses identify symptoms, causes, and effective treatment interventions.
a) A patient taking ibuprofen and acetaminophen together for pain relief b) A patient taking warfarin and aspirin together, increasing the risk of bleeding c) A patient using insulin with oral antihyperglycemic agents d) A patient taking a multivitamin and calcium supplement Answer: b) A patient taking warfarin and aspirin together, increasing the risk of bleeding Explanation: Both warfarin and aspirin are anticoagulants, and when taken together, they increase the risk of bleeding due to the combined effect on blood clotting.
a) Kidneys b) Liver c) Lungs d) Heart Answer: b) Liver Explanation: The liver is the main organ responsible for metabolizing most drugs, converting them into water-soluble compounds that can be excreted through urine.
a) The study of drug absorption b) The effects of drugs on the body c) The time it takes for a drug to be eliminated from the body d) The methods of administering a drug Answer: b) The effects of drugs on the body Explanation: Pharmacodynamics describes how drugs affect the body, including their therapeutic and adverse effects.
a) Hypertension b) Liver disease c) Diabetes d) Asthma Answer: b) Liver disease Explanation: Acetaminophen is metabolized by the liver. In patients with liver disease, acetaminophen can cause further liver damage.
a) They increase fluid retention b) They promote the excretion of urine c) They increase blood pressure d) They cause kidney stones Answer: b) They promote the excretion of urine Explanation: Diuretics increase urine output by the kidneys, reducing fluid retention and helping to manage conditions such as hypertension and edema.
a) Beta-blockers b) Calcium channel blockers c) ACE inhibitors d) Diuretics Answer: b) Calcium channel blockers Explanation: Calcium channel blockers help relax blood vessels and reduce heart rate, making them effective in managing high blood pressure.
a) The breakdown of drugs in the liver after being absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract b) The process by which drugs are distributed to the target tissues c) The metabolism of drugs by enzymes in the stomach d) The elimination of drugs through the kidneys Answer: a) The breakdown of drugs in the liver after being absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract Explanation: The first-pass effect refers to the metabolism of a drug by the liver before it reaches systemic circulation, which often reduces the drug's bioavailability.
a) Asthma b) Hypertension c) Type 2 diabetes d) Heart failure Answer: a) Asthma Explanation: Corticosteroids are used to reduce inflammation in conditions like asthma and autoimmune diseases.
a) They increase heart rate b) They relax blood vessels c) They block beta-adrenergic receptors, decreasing heart rate and blood pressure d) They increase blood volume Answer: c) They block beta-adrenergic receptors, decreasing heart rate and blood pressure Explanation: Beta-blockers are used to reduce the workload on the heart, lower blood pressure, and decrease heart rate.
a) Metformin b) Acetaminophen c) Insulin d) Prednisone Answer: a) Metformin Explanation: Metformin helps lower blood glucose levels by improving the body’s response to insulin.
a) Prescribing medications b) Dispensing medications c) Monitoring for side effects and adjusting dosages d) Diagnosing diseases Answer: c) Monitoring for side effects and adjusting dosages Explanation: Advanced practice nurses monitor patient responses to medications, making adjustments to improve outcomes and minimize side effects.
a) Naloxone b) Diazepam c) Metformin d) Lisinopril Answer: a) Naloxone Explanation: Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that reverses the effects of opioid overdose, including respiratory depression.
a) Weight gain b) Electrolyte imbalances c) Increased blood pressure d) Skin rashes Answer: b) Electrolyte imbalances Explanation: Diuretics promote fluid loss and can lead to imbalances in electrolytes such as sodium and potassium.
a) They increase serotonin levels in the brain b) They decrease dopamine levels in the brain c) They block norepinephrine reuptake d) They increase acetylcholine production Answer: a) They increase serotonin levels in the brain Explanation: SSRIs work by blocking the reuptake of serotonin, increasing its availability in the brain, which helps treat depression and anxiety.
a) Dosage is usually based on body weight b) Pediatric patients require lower doses than adults for all medications c) Medications should be given without regard to food intake d) Pediatric patients do not experience side effects from medications Answer: a) Dosage is usually based on body weight Explanation: Pediatric medication dosages are often calculated based on body weight or surface area, as children metabolize drugs differently than adults.
a) To measure the drug's half-life b) To determine the drug's dosage frequency c) To assess the safety margin between the effective dose and the toxic dose d) To calculate the cost of the drug Answer: c) To assess the safety margin between the effective dose and the toxic dose Explanation: The therapeutic index measures the safety of a drug by comparing the effective dose with the toxic dose.
a) Crushing medications is always safe for all drugs b) Some medications may be contraindicated for administration via a tube c) Medications should always be taken with food d) Only liquid medications can be administered via a feeding tube Answer: b) Some medications may be contraindicated for administration via a tube Explanation: Not all medications can be safely crushed or given through a feeding tube due to potential changes in absorption or effects.
a) Prescribing medications b) Monitoring for adverse effects and evaluating drug effectiveness c) Dispensing medications d) Making diagnoses Answer: b) Monitoring for adverse effects and evaluating drug effectiveness Explanation: Nurses play a vital role in monitoring patient responses, reporting adverse effects, and ensuring the effectiveness of medications.
a) Beta-blockers b) Benzodiazepines c) Antipsychotics d) Diuretics Answer: b) Benzodiazepines Explanation: Benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed for short-term relief of anxiety and panic attacks due to their calming effects.