3260 Nursing Care of Children & Their Families - Final Exam Review (Qns & Ans) - OSU 2025, Exams of Nursing

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3260 Nursing Care of Children

& Their Families

Final Exam Review

(Questions & Solutions)

1. Multiple Choice Question: A five‑year‑old child is admitted with a respiratory infection. During the initial assessment, the nurse notes the child’s cough is nonproductive and the respiratory rate is slightly elevated. Which developmental consideration is most important when planning communication about the child’s care?

• A. Using complex medical terminology to ensure accuracy
• B. Providing information in simple terms with reassurance
• C. Explaining the disease process in detail
• D. Relying solely on the parents to interpret information Correct ANS: B. Providing information in simple terms with reassurance Rationale: At five years of age, children understand simple language and benefit from reassurance. Pediatric care requires tailoring communication to a child’s developmental level while involving parents as partners in care.

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2. Fill-in-the-Blank Question: Family‑centered care in pediatric nursing emphasizes partnering with the __________ to ensure that care is respectful of family needs and preferences. Correct ANS: family Rationale:

Rationale: Pain assessment in children is multifactorial and should include behavioral cues, self-report (when possible), changes in vital signs, and input from caregivers. Sole reliance on clinician judgment may miss subjective pain cues, particularly in nonverbal children.

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5. Multiple Choice Question: A nurse cares for an infant who recently experienced a febrile seizure. Which action is most appropriate in the immediate post-seizure period?

• A. Reassure the parents that febrile seizures are common and generally benign
• B. Immediately start anticonvulsant medication
• C. Prepare the child for transfer to the intensive care unit
• D. Withhold any documentation until the next routine assessment Correct ANS: A. Reassure the parents that febrile seizures are common and generally benign Rationale: Febrile seizures, though alarming, are common in infants and young children and are usually self-limited. Educating and reassuring parents are key components of family-centered care in this scenario.

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6. Fill-in-the-Blank Question: When planning care for a child with special healthcare needs, it is critical to use a __________ approach that considers physical, emotional, social, and developmental dimensions.

Correct ANS: holistic Rationale: A holistic approach ensures that all aspects of the child’s well-being are considered. It addresses not only physical health but also developmental and family dynamics, which is essential in comprehensive pediatric nursing care.

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7. True/False Question: True or False: In pediatric nursing, growth charts should be used in conjunction with developmental milestones to evaluate a child’s overall health. Correct ANS: True Rationale: Growth charts provide objective data about a child's physical development, and when used alongside developmental milestones, they offer a comprehensive picture of the child’s health status. Both are critical for early detection of developmental or nutritional issues.

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8. Multiple Response Question: For a child presenting with poor appetite and weight loss, which factors should the nurse assess as part of a comprehensive nutritional evaluation? (Select all that apply)

• A. Dietary history and feeding patterns
• B. Family food security and cultural food practices

complications.

10. Fill-in-the-Blank Question: A parent’s involvement in the care of a hospitalized child can significantly reduce anxiety. This practice is an example of __________ care. Correct ANS: family-centered Rationale: Family-centered care actively involves family members in the care process, which has been shown to decrease anxiety and improve both parental and child satisfaction with care.

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11. True/False Question: True or False: Developmentally appropriate communication involves providing information to children based solely on their chronological age. Correct ANS: False Rationale: While age is an important factor, developmentally appropriate communication must also consider the child’s cognitive, emotional, and social maturity. Individualized assessment guides the nurse’s approach to communication.

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12. Multiple Response Question: Which of the following are effective strategies for supporting family coping during a child’s hospitalization? (Select all that apply)

• A. Providing clear and consistent information about the child’s condition
• B. Incorporating family members into bedside rounds
• C. Offering access to child life specialists and counseling services
• D. Limiting family visits to reduce disruption
• E. Encouraging participation in care decisions Correct ANSs: A, B, C, E Rationale: Supporting family coping involves clear communication, inclusion in care, accessing specialized support (child life and counseling), and involving them in decisions. Limiting visits may increase anxiety and feelings of isolation.

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13. Multiple Choice Question: In a case study involving an adolescent with chronic asthma, which factor is most important when assessing the patient’s adherence to the care plan?

• A. The adolescent’s understanding of the disease process
• B. The presence of supportive family members
• C. The frequency of hospitalizations in the past year
• D. The adolescent’s cultural background Correct ANS: A. The adolescent’s understanding of the disease process Rationale:

efforts—to improve outcomes.

16. Multiple Response Question: Which clinical parameters are vital when assessing an infant’s respiratory status? (Select all that apply)

• A. Respiratory rate
• B. Use of accessory muscles
• C. Presence of nasal flaring
• D. Skin color
• E. Parent’s educational level Correct ANSs: A, B, C, D Rationale: In assessing respiration in infants, evaluating the rate, effort (accessory muscle use, nasal flaring), and skin color helps determine the severity of distress. The parent’s educational level is not a clinical parameter.

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17. Multiple Choice Question: A nurse is caring for a school-aged child with type 2 diabetes. Which educational strategy is most effective in promoting self-management in this age group?

• A. Utilizing interactive technology (e.g., mobile apps for glucose log)
• B. Relying solely on parental input for all decision-making
• C. Discouraging any use of technology to maintain privacy
• D. Waiting until adolescence for self-management counseling Correct ANS:

A. Utilizing interactive technology (e.g., mobile apps for glucose log) Rationale: School-aged children are increasingly tech-savvy, and interactive tools can enhance engagement, self-monitoring, and adherence. Early involvement in self-management fosters independence and better long- term outcomes.

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18. Fill-in-the-Blank Question: When addressing a family’s concerns about a child’s surgery, the nurse should provide __________ information to facilitate informed consent and reduce anxiety. Correct ANS: comprehensive Rationale: Comprehensive information covers procedural details, expected outcomes, and potential risks. It empowers families to participate in decision-making and helps mitigate anxiety by clarifying expectations.

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19. True/False Question: True or False: In pediatric oncology care, both the child and the family must be supported emotionally, with interventions tailored to the age of the child. Correct ANS: True

• A. Dry mucous membranes
• B. Sunken fontanelles
• C. Increased crying
• D. Irritability Correct ANS: B. Sunken fontanelles Rationale: In infants, a sunken anterior fontanelle is a key indicator of dehydration and is considered more reliable than dry mucous membranes or behavioral changes alone.

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22. Fill-in-the-Blank Question: 

The developmental stage in which children begin to assert increased independence and may display oppositional behavior is typically referred to as the __________ stage. Correct ANS: autonomy versus shame and doubt Rationale: Erikson’s stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt occurs in early childhood (approximately 1–3 years), during which children develop independence. Recognizing this stage helps nurses understand behavioral challenges and guide parents accordingly.

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23. True/False Question: 

True or False: When caring for adolescents, nurses must balance the

emerging need for independence with parental involvement in decision- making. Correct ANS: True Rationale: Adolescent care requires a balance between supporting the adolescent’s emerging independence and ensuring that appropriate parental guidance is maintained, thus promoting healthy transition and shared decision- making.

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24. Multiple Response Question: When planning interventions for a school-age child post-surgery, which elements should be included to ensure a smooth recovery? (Select all that apply)

• A. Pain management tailored to the child’s developmental level
• B. Encouragement of return to regular activities as soon as possible
• C. Detailed and technical medical explanations that only parents can understand
• D. Instructions for both home care and school limitations
• E. Strategies to support emotional recovery Correct ANSs: A, B, D, E Rationale: Effective post-surgical care for school-age children includes age- appropriate pain management, facilitation of a gentle return to activities, clear instructions for home and school, and supporting emotional well- being. Overly technical explanations should be avoided for the child.

27. True/False Question: True or False: In pediatric nursing, safety protocols for medication administration must be adjusted based on the child’s weight and developmental stage. Correct ANS: True Rationale: Medication dosages and administration techniques in pediatrics are highly individualized. Adjustments based on weight and developmental stage are crucial for safe and effective pharmacologic care.

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28. Multiple Response Question: Which of the following interventions help reduce procedural anxiety in children undergoing invasive procedures? (Select all that apply)

• A. Use of distraction techniques (e.g., music, videos)
• B. Involving child life specialists in care
• C. Pre-procedural detailed explanations using age-appropriate language
• D. Rushing through the procedure to minimize duration
• E. Allowing a trusted family member to be present Correct ANSs: A, B, C, E Rationale: Effective strategies to reduce anxiety include distraction, support from child life specialists, age-appropriate explanations, and family presence.

Rushing the procedure can compromise both safety and the child’s comfort.

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29. Multiple Choice Question: A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a family whose child has been diagnosed with asthma. Which key point is most critical to include in the education?

• A. The child should avoid all physical activity
• B. Instruction on proper inhaler technique and trigger avoidance
• C. Only use medications when symptoms become severe
• D. Rely exclusively on alternative remedies for control Correct ANS: B. Instruction on proper inhaler technique and trigger avoidance Rationale: Effective asthma management hinges on correct inhaler use and avoidance of known triggers. This education is central to reducing exacerbations and emergency visits while empowering the family in ongoing management.

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30. Fill-in-the-Blank Question: When evaluating the impact of nursing interventions on a child and family’s health outcomes, it is important to use __________ measures to capture both quantitative and qualitative data. Correct ANS: mixed

Rationale: Cardiac complications, such as coronary artery aneurysms, are the most significant long-term risks associated with Kawasaki disease. Multiple Choice: A 6-month-old infant presents with symptoms of intussusception. Which of the following assessment findings would most strongly support this diagnosis? a) Projectile vomiting. b) "Currant jelly" stools. c) High fever. d) Lethargy. Correct ANS: b) "Currant jelly" stools. Rationale: "Currant jelly" stools (a mixture of blood and mucus) are a classic sign of intussusception. Fill-in-the-Blank: The nurse should anticipate administering __ to a child with severe asthma who is not responding to initial bronchodilator therapy. Correct ANS: systemic corticosteroids Rationale: Systemic corticosteroids are often necessary to reduce inflammation and improve airflow in severe asthma exacerbations. True/False: Children with sickle cell anemia are at increased risk for stroke. Correct ANS: True Rationale: Sickle cell anemia can lead to vaso-occlusion in the cerebral vessels, increasing the risk of stroke. Multiple Choice:

A child with leukemia is receiving chemotherapy. The nurse should prioritize which of the following interventions to prevent infection? a) Administering prophylactic antibiotics. b) Monitoring the child's absolute neutrophil count (ANC). c) Isolating the child in a private room. d) Encouraging frequent handwashing by the child and family. Correct ANS: b) Monitoring the child's absolute neutrophil count (ANC). Rationale: The ANC indicates the child's ability to fight infection. The nurse uses this value to assess the need for protective measures. Fill-in-the-Blank: The nurse should educate parents of a child with type 1 diabetes about the signs and symptoms of __, including increased thirst, frequent urination, and fruity breath. Correct ANS: diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) Rationale: Recognizing and managing DKA is crucial for preventing life- threatening complications in children with type 1 diabetes. True/False: The most common cause of bronchiolitis in infants is the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Correct ANS: True Rationale: RSV is the leading cause of bronchiolitis, a common respiratory infection in infants. Multiple Choice: A child is admitted with suspected bacterial meningitis. Which of the following nursing interventions is most critical? a) Administering intravenous fluids.