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Electronic Structure and Ionization Energy Data for the Elements, Lecture notes of Chemistry

Miles CollegeChemistry

A table of electronic configurations, ionization energies, and electron configurations for various elements. The data is sourced from the national institute of standards and technology (nist) database.

What you will learn

  • How does the electronic configuration of an element relate to its ionization energy?
  • What is the ionization energy for each element listed in the document?
  • What is the electronic configuration of each element listed in the document?

Typology: Lecture notes

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/12/2022

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seshadrinathan_hin 🇺🇸

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5. Electronic structure of the elements 1
5. ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF THE ELEMENTS
Table 5.1. Reviewed 2011 by J.E. Sansonetti (NIST). The electronic configurations and the ionization energies are from the NIST
database, “Ground Levels and Ionization Energies for the Neutral Atoms,” W.C. Martin, A. Musgrove, S. Kotochigova, and J.E. Sansonetti,
http://www.nist.gov/pml/data/ion energy.cfm. The electron configuration for, say, iron indicates an argon electro nic core (see argon) plus
six 3delectrons and two 4selectrons.
Ground Ionization
Electron configuration state energy
Element (3d5= five 3delectrons, etc.)2S+1LJ(eV)
1 H Hydrogen 1s2S1/213.5984
2 He Helium 1s2 1S024.5874
3 Li Lithium (He)2s2S1/25.3917
4 Be Beryllium (He)2s2 1 S09.3227
5 B Boron (He)2s22p2P1/28.2980
6 C Carbon (He)2s22p2 3P011.2603
7 N Nitrogen (He) 2s22p3 4S3/214.5341
8 O Oxygen (He)2s22p4 3P213.6181
9 F Fluorine (He)2s22p5 2P3/217.4228
10 Ne Neon (He)2s22p6 1 S021.5645
11 Na Sodium (Ne)3s2S1/25.1391
12 Mg Magnesium (Ne)3s2 1 S07.6462
13 Al Aluminum (Ne)3s23p2P1/25.9858
14 Si Silicon (Ne)3s23p2 3 P08.1517
15 P Phosphorus (Ne)3s23p3 4S3/210.4867
16 S Sulfur (Ne)3s23p4 3 P210.3600
17 Cl Chlorine (Ne)3s23p5 2 P3/212.9676
18 Ar Argon (Ne)3s23p6 1S015.7596
19 K Potassium (Ar) 4s2S1/24.3407
20 Ca Calcium (Ar) 4s2 1S06.1132
----------------------------------------
21 Sc Scandium (Ar)3d4s2T
r
a
n
s
i
t
i
o
n
2D3/26.5615
22 Ti Titanium (Ar) 3d24s2e
l
e
m
e
n
t
s
3F26.8281
23 V Vanadium (Ar) 3d34s2 4F3/26.7462
24 Cr Chromium (Ar) 3d54s7S36.7665
25 Mn Manganese (Ar)3d54s2 6 S5/27.4340
26 Fe Iron (Ar) 3d64s2 5D47.9024
27 Co Cobalt (Ar)3d74s2 4 F9/27.8810
28 Ni Nickel (Ar)3d84s2 3F47.6399
29 Cu Copper (Ar) 3d10 4s2S1/27.7264
30 Zn Zinc (Ar) 3d10 4s2 1S09.394 2
----------------------------------------
31 Ga Gallium (Ar)3d10 4s24p2P1/25.9993
32 Ge Germanium (Ar) 3d10 4s24p2 3P07.8994
33 As Arsenic (Ar) 3d10 4s24p3 4 S3/29.7886
34 Se Selenium (Ar)3d10 4s24p4 3 P29.7524
35 Br Br omine (Ar) 3 d104s24p5 2 P3/211.8138
36 Kr Krypton (Ar) 3d10 4s24p6 1 S013.9996
37 Rb Rubidium (Kr) 5s2S1/24.1771
38 Sr Strontium (Kr) 5s2 1S05 .6949
----------------------------------------
39 Y Yttrium (Kr)4d5s2T
r
a
n
s
i
t
i
o
n
2D3/26.2173
40 Zr Zirconium (Kr)4d25s2e
l
e
m
e
n
t
s
3F26.6339
41 Nb Niobium (Kr) 4d45s6D1/26.7589
42 Mo Molybdenum (Kr)4d55s7S37.09 24
43 Tc Technetium (Kr)4d55s2 6 S5/27.28
44 Ru Ruthenium (Kr) 4d75s5F57.3605
45 Rh Rhodium (Kr)4d85s4F9/27.458 9
46 Pd Palladium (Kr)4d10 1 S08.3369
47 Ag Silver (Kr)4d10 5s2S1/27.576 2
48 Cd Cadmium (Kr)4d10 5s2 1S08.9938
----------------------------------------
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Download Electronic Structure and Ionization Energy Data for the Elements and more Lecture notes Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity!

5. Electronic structure of the elements 1

5. ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF THE ELEMENTS

Table 5.1. Reviewed 2011 by J.E. Sansonetti (NIST). The electronic configurations and the ionization energies are from the NIST database, “Ground Levels and Ionization Energies for the Neutral Atoms,” W.C. Martin, A. Musgrove, S. Kotochigova, and J.E. Sansonetti, http://www.nist.gov/pml/data/ion energy.cfm. The electron configuration for, say, iron indicates an argon electronic core (see argon) plus six 3d electrons and two 4s electrons.

Ground Ionization Electron configuration state energy Element (3d^5 = five 3d electrons, etc.) 2 S+1LJ (eV) 1 H Hydrogen 1 s 2 S 1 / 2 13. 2 He Helium 1 s^2 1 S 0 24. 3 Li Lithium (He)2s 2 S 1 / 2 5. 4 Be Beryllium (He)2s^2 1 S 0 9. 5 B Boron (He)2s^2 2 p 2 P 1 / 2 8. 6 C Carbon (He)2s^2 2 p^2 3 P 0 11. 7 N Nitrogen (He)2s^2 2 p^3 4 S 3 / 2 14. 8 O Oxygen (He)2s^2 2 p^4 3 P 2 13. 9 F Fluorine (He)2s^2 2 p^5 2 P 3 / 2 17. 10 Ne Neon (He)2s^2 2 p^6 1 S 0 21. 11 Na Sodium (Ne)3s 2 S 1 / 2 5. 12 Mg Magnesium (Ne)3s^2 1 S 0 7. 13 Al Aluminum (Ne)3s^2 3 p 2 P 1 / 2 5. 14 Si Silicon (Ne)3s^2 3 p^2 3 P 0 8. 15 P Phosphorus (Ne)3s^2 3 p^3 4 S 3 / 2 10. 16 S Sulfur (Ne)3s^2 3 p^4 3 P 2 10. 17 Cl Chlorine (Ne)3s^2 3 p^5 2 P 3 / 2 12. 18 Ar Argon (Ne)3s^2 3 p^6 1 S 0 15. 19 K Potassium (Ar) 4 s 2 S 1 / 2 4. 20 Ca Calcium (Ar) 4 s^2 1 S 0 6.

21 Sc Scandium (Ar) 3d 4 s^2 T r a n s i t i o n

2 D

22 Ti Titanium (Ar) 3d^2 4 s^2 e l e m e n t s

3 F 2 6.

23 V Vanadium (Ar) 3d^3 4 s^2 4 F 3 / 2 6. 24 Cr Chromium (Ar) 3d^5 4 s 7 S 3 6. 25 Mn Manganese (Ar) 3d^5 4 s^2 6 S 5 / 2 7. 26 Fe Iron (Ar) 3d^6 4 s^2 5 D 4 7. 27 Co Cobalt (Ar) 3d^7 4 s^2 4 F 9 / 2 7. 28 Ni Nickel (Ar) 3d^8 4 s^2 3 F 4 7. 29 Cu Copper (Ar) 3d^10 4 s 2 S 1 / 2 7. 30 Zn Zinc (Ar) 3d^10 4 s^2 1 S 0 9.

31 Ga Gallium (Ar) 3d^10 4 s^2 4 p 2 P 1 / 2 5. 32 Ge Germanium (Ar) 3d^10 4 s^2 4 p^2 3 P 0 7. 33 As Arsenic (Ar) 3d^10 4 s^2 4 p^3 4 S 3 / 2 9. 34 Se Selenium (Ar) 3d^10 4 s^2 4 p^4 3 P 2 9. 35 Br Bromine (Ar) 3d^10 4 s^2 4 p^5 2 P 3 / 2 11. 36 Kr Krypton (Ar) 3d^10 4 s^2 4 p^6 1 S 0 13. 37 Rb Rubidium (Kr) 5 s 2 S 1 / 2 4. 38 Sr Strontium (Kr) 5 s^2 1 S 0 5.

39 Y Yttrium (Kr) 4d 5 s^2 T r a n s i t i o n

2 D

40 Zr Zirconium (Kr) 4d^2 5 s^2 e l e m e n t s

3 F 2 6.

41 Nb Niobium (Kr) 4d^4 5 s 6 D 1 / 2 6. 42 Mo Molybdenum (Kr) 4d^5 5 s 7 S 3 7. 43 Tc Technetium (Kr) 4d^5 5 s^2 6 S 5 / 2 7. 44 Ru Ruthenium (Kr) 4d^7 5 s 5 F 5 7. 45 Rh Rhodium (Kr) 4d^8 5 s 4 F 9 / 2 7. 46 Pd Palladium (Kr) 4d^10 1 S 0 8. 47 Ag Silver (Kr) 4d^10 5 s 2 S 1 / 2 7. 48 Cd Cadmium (Kr) 4d^10 5 s^2 1 S 0 8.

2 5. Electronic structure of the elements

49 In Indium (Kr) 4d^10 5 s^2 5 p 2 P 1 / 2 5. 50 Sn Tin (Kr) 4d^10 5 s^2 5 p^2 3 P 0 7. 51 Sb Antimony (Kr) 4d^10 5 s^2 5 p^3 4 S 3 / 2 8. 52 Te Tellurium (Kr) 4d^10 5 s^2 5 p^4 3 P 2 9. 53 I Iodine (Kr) 4d^10 5 s^2 5 p^5 2 P 3 / 2 10. 54 Xe Xenon (Kr) 4d^10 5 s^2 5 p^6 1 S 0 12. 55 Cs Cesium (Xe) 6 s 2 S 1 / 2 3. 56 Ba Barium (Xe) 6 s^2 1 S 0 5.

57 La Lanthanum (Xe) 5 d 6 s^2 2 D 3 / 2 5. 58 Ce Cerium (Xe)4f 5 d 6 s^2 1 G 4 5. 59 Pr Praseodymium (Xe)4f 3 6 s^2 L a n t h a n i d e s

4 I

60 Nd Neodymium (Xe)4f 4 6 s^2 5 I 4 5. 61 Pm Promethium (Xe)4f 5 6 s^2 6 H 5 / 2 5. 62 Sm Samarium (Xe)4f 6 6 s^2 7 F 0 5. 63 Eu Europium (Xe)4f 7 6 s^2 8 S 7 / 2 5. 64 Gd Gadolinium (Xe)4f 7 5 d 6 s^2 9 D 2 6. 65 Tb Terbium (Xe)4f 9 6 s^2 6 H 15 / 2 5. 66 Dy Dysprosium (Xe)4f 10 6 s^2 5 I 8 5. 67 Ho Holmium (Xe)4f 11 6 s^2 4 I 15 / 2 6. 68 Er Erbium (Xe)4f 12 6 s^2 3 H 6 6. 69 Tm Thulium (Xe)4f 13 6 s^2 2 F 7 / 2 6. 70 Yb Ytterbium (Xe)4f 14 6 s^2 1 S 0 6. 71 Lu Lutetium (Xe)4f 145 d 6 s^2 2 D 3 / 2 5.

72 Hf Hafnium (Xe)4f 145 d^2 6 s^2 T r a n s i t i o n

3 F 2 6.

73 Ta Tantalum (Xe)4f 145 d^3 6 s^2 e l e m e n t s

4 F

74 W Tungsten (Xe)4f 145 d^4 6 s^2 5 D 0 7. 75 Re Rhenium (Xe)4f 145 d^5 6 s^2 6 S 5 / 2 7. 76 Os Osmium (Xe)4f 145 d^6 6 s^2 5 D 4 8. 77 Ir Iridium (Xe)4f 145 d^7 6 s^2 4 F 9 / 2 8. 78 Pt Platinum (Xe)4f 145 d^9 6 s 3 D 3 8. 79 Au Gold (Xe)4f 145 d^106 s 2 S 1 / 2 9. 80 Hg Mercury (Xe)4f 145 d^106 s^2 1 S 0 10.

81 Tl Thallium (Xe)4f 145 d^106 s^2 6 p 2 P 1 / 2 6. 82 Pb Lead (Xe)4f 145 d^106 s^2 6 p^2 3 P 0 7. 83 Bi Bismuth (Xe)4f 145 d^106 s^2 6 p^3 4 S 3 / 2 7. 84 Po Polonium (Xe)4f 145 d^106 s^2 6 p^4 3 P 2 8. 85 At Astatine (Xe)4f 145 d^106 s^2 6 p^5 2 P 3 / 2 86 Rn Radon (Xe)4f 145 d^106 s^2 6 p^6 1 S 0 10. 87 Fr Francium (Rn) 7 s 2 S 1 / 2 4. 88 Ra Radium (Rn) 7 s^2 1 S 0 5.

89 Ac Actinium (Rn) 6 d 7 s^2 2 D 3 / 2 5. 90 Th Thorium (Rn) 6 d^2 7 s^2 3 F 2 6. 91 Pa Protactinium (Rn)5f 2 6 d 7 s^2 A c t i n i d e s

4 K

11 / 2

92 U Uranium (Rn)5f 3 6 d 7 s^2 5 L 6 ∗^ 6. 93 Np Neptunium (Rn)5f 4 6 d 7 s^2 6 L 11 / 2 ∗^ 6. 94 Pu Plutonium (Rn)5f 6 7 s^2 7 F 0 6. 95 Am Americium (Rn)5f 7 7 s^2 8 S 7 / 2 5. 96 Cm Curium (Rn)5f 7 6 d 7 s^2 9 D 2 5. 97 Bk Berkelium (Rn)5f 9 7 s^2 6 H 15 / 2 6. 98 Cf Californium (Rn)5f 10 7 s^2 5 I 8 6. 99 Es Einsteinium (Rn)5f 11 7 s^2 4 I 15 / 2 6. 100 Fm Fermium (Rn)5f 12 7 s^2 3 H 6 6. 101 Md Mendelevium (Rn)5f 13 7 s^2 2 F 7 / 2 6. 102 No Nobelium (Rn)5f 14 7 s^2 1 S 0 6. 103 Lr Lawrencium (Rn)5f 14 7 s^2 7 p? 2 P 1 / 2? 4.9?

104 Rf Rutherfordium (Rn)5f 146 d^2 7 s^2? 3 F 2? 6.0? ∗ (^) The usual LS coupling scheme does not apply for these three elements. See the introductory note to the NIST table from which this table is taken.