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7A Pest Exam 135 Complete Solutions a
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Integrated Pest Management - ANSWER a process that utilizes inspections and periodic monitoring to determine if any type of treatment is needed to reduce pest populations to tolerable levels
Four Steps in an Integrated Pest Management Program - ANSWER 1. Inspect the site for pest problems. || 2. Set pest action thresholds. || 3. Apply pest management procedures. || 4. Monitor the pest management program (post-treatment)
Action Threshold - ANSWER the level of pest infestation which requires initiating a control strategy
Pest Exclusion - ANSWER best way to manage pests, denying entry into buildings through sealing gaps, installing proper door thresholds etc. some companies do this work, while other's leave it up to the client
Pest Habitat Manipulation - ANSWER a control strategy that denies pests access to food, water, and shelter, usually through concentrated sanitation efforts. factors could include temperature and humidity. critical for controlling cockroaches and rodents. take care of filthy conditions
Pest Removal - ANSWER most direct method of managing pest populations. involves lethal trapping (most used) and disposal; live trapping (wildlife and animals) and removal; and direct removal techniques (such as vacuuming cockroaches)
Contact Insecticides and Stomach Poisons - ANSWER contact insecticides penetrate through insect body covering; applied directly to insect or as residue on surface for insect to crawl through. stomach poisons ingested by insect during feeding or grooming
Residual Insecticides and Non-Residual Insecticides - ANSWER involves length of time a pesticide will last. residual insecticides may persist for weeks or longer. non-residual pesticides break down quickly after treatment
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Desiccants - ANSWER part of inorganic insecticides. disrupt the water balance (such as rapid water loss) of insects that contact them. low hazard to non-target organisms and not known to develop resistance
Pyrethrins - ANSWER part of botanical insecticides, which are plant-derived. pyrethrins are constituents of pyrethrum. interrupt the normal transmission of an insect's nerve impulses. used with synergists, provide quick knockdown with little residual activity. used at low rates as flushing agents during inspection to improve detection of insects
Synthetic Pyrethroids - ANSWER part of synthetic organics, which are laboratory-produced and contain carbon. mimic the action of pyrethrins meaning they interfere with the transmission of nerve impulses. quick knockdown activity. engineered to be more stable and persistent.
Insect Growth Regulators - ANSWER part of synthetic organics, which are laboratory-produced and contain carbon. chemicals that mimic the juvenile growth hormone and prevent the immature insect from molting into the adult stage and, in doing so, disrupt the insect's life cycle by preventing it from reproducing. chitin synthesis inhibitors often grouped with IGRs so the insects do not molt. very low hazard to non-target animals. insect-specific
Baits - ANSWER placement makes them inaccessible to people and pets. offer ease of placement and are odorless. in order to be effective, target pest must consume bait. less attractive to pests if unsanitary conditions provide alternate food source
Dusts - ANSWER provide the longest residual activity of the various insecticide formulations, provided they are carefully applied to dry areas. provide excellent coverage within cracks, crevices, and other voids. may be used around electrical outlets. if applied carelessly, dusts can drift into non-target areas.
Granules - ANSWER formulated for exterior applications where longevity under wet, hot conditions is desirable. applied around homes as perimeter (barrier) treatments to manage occasional invaders such as ants, centipedes, earwigs, etc.
Wettable Powders - ANSWER easy to store, have only a mild odor, and provide better residual properties than other formulations on porous surfaces such as wood and concrete. inhalation hazard
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Cereal Meal Baits - ANSWER less likely to be carried off than grain pellet baits, but may absorb moisture and become moldy. available in packets, which may be carried to undesirable locations. if stuffed down rat burrows, common for rats to eject the packets back to the surface
Liquid Baits - ANSWER attractive to rodents in environments where water is scarce or absent. anticoagulants formulated as liquid concentrates may be diluted with water at job site to make liquid baits. because easily spilled, extra caution is necessary to guard against endangering non-target animals.
Tracking Powders - ANSWER applied in rodent burrows or on rodent runways where rodents pick up the toxic powder on feet and bodies as they walk through it. ingest through daily grooming activities. must contain high concentrations of active ingredient to be effective. potentially more hazardous than other rodenticide formulations and must be applied with extra caution
Pesticide Resistance Development - ANSWER may develop when applicators repeatedly use the same or similar pesticides. occurs when some individuals in a pest population are genetically less susceptible to particular pesticide treatment. survive and pass trait to offspring. repeated use across generations makes it to the point where a once effective pesticide is no longer useful
Management Practices that Reduce Potential for Resistance to Develop in Pest Population - ANSWER 1. incorporate non-chemical control methods into the treatment program || 2. use pesticides only when necessary || 3. apply pesticides according to label instructions || 4. alternate applications of chemical classes
Space Treatments - ANSWER very small particles are released in an enclosed area (ULV machines and aerosol generators)
Bait Guns - ANSWER apply various gel and paste baits for cockroach and ant control. specialized tips helps allow it be to put in cracks and crevices where pests are likely to come in contact with it.
Compressed Air Sprayers - ANSWER used to apply liquid pesticides in various sizes and models, alongside different nozzle tips such as fan pattern (spot and general treatments) or pin stream (for cracks and crevices). must be pressurized according to label. many labels recommend pressures of 20 psi
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or less for cracks and crevices. high pressures can cause pesticides to drift away from application site. keep in good order to avoid malfunctions.
ULV Machines and Aerosol Generators - ANSWER made for applying pesticides as very small particles in enclosed areas (inside a building), known as space treatments. commonly used to provide quick knockdown and temporary control of flies and several stored product pests. in most cases kills only those insects present in the air during time of treatment. must be used with extreme care.
Dust Applicators (Bulb and Powder) - ANSWER can be applied into cracks and voids with hand-held dusters where situations call for small amounts of carefully applied insecticide or rodenticide tracking powder. never use dusting equipment for more than one product.
Mist Blowers - ANSWER commonly used outdoors to control flies and mosquitos
Bait Stations - ANSWER rodenticide baits enclosed in these to minimize hazards to people, non-target animals, and pets. have a lock on them usually to keep children and non-target animals out of them. not considered tamper-resistant unless they are secured to something. security further enhanced by self- contained bait stations or by securing bait in stations.
Ant Management Practices - ANSWER thorough inspection of premises is necessary to determine nature and extent of infestation. then identify ant. if indoor, place baits where worker ants are at. should be monitored. key to success is numerous small placements. if outdoor, liquid baits or granular baits should be used.
Pharaoh Ant - ANSWER two nodes, 1/16 inch long, reddish gold. nest in warm interiors, occupy any crevice or structural void. remain active indoors year round, do not swarm. several hundred thousand works and multiple queens. colonies expand by budding.
Odorous House Ant - ANSWER dark brown to black, 1/8 inch long, one node hidden by abdomen. move erratically when disturbed. unpleasant odor when crushed. nest outdoors beneath soil surface, under stones, etc. over 100,000 individuals. swarming and budding. environmental conditions causes them to move indoors.
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Brownbanded Cockroach - ANSWER 1/2 inch long. golden brown with pale brown horizontal bands that run across their wings. males fly, females do not. nymphs similar to adults with band. prefer warm locations above 80 degrees F. less dependent on water than other species. females glue egg cases to walls, behind door moldings and picture frames, in furniture casings, etc.
Health Effects of Cockroaches - ANSWER contaminate food and eating utensils, destroy fabric and paper products, impart stains, and leave unpleasant odors. spread of bacterial diseases, and some people allergic to cockroach skins and droppings, aggravating asthma in sensitive people
Fly Management Practices - ANSWER sanitation is important and key. regularly remove garbage, waste, etc. maintain screens and weather stripping on windows and doors. water-based residual insecticides can be placed where flies rest to kill them when they land. mosquitoes in same order as flies.
Drain Fly (Moth Fly) - ANSWER 1/8 inch long, dense covering of hair on body and wings. breed in gelatinous buildup found inside floor, sink, and drain toilets
Fruit Fly - ANSWER 1/8 inch long, tan flies with red eyes. lay eggs near sweet or fermented liquids, and ripening or rotted fruit where larvae will feed. common in homes, groceries, restaurants, etc
Phorid Fly - ANSWER tan to dark brown, humpbacked thorax. 1/8 inch long and lack red eyes of fruit fly. found indoors, usually in decaying, damp organic matter where they breed. pests in crypts and mausoleums.
Fungus Gnat - ANSWER 1/8 inch long and resembles mosquito. breeds in rich organic soil. indoors, associated with potted plants, atriums, etc.
Cluster Fly - ANSWER resemble house flies, but do not have stripes on thorax. instead, covered with fine, golden hairs. do not breed in filth, instead in soil where emerging larvae parasitize earthworms. become a problem when they seek sheltered places indoors in fall. nuisance again in spring when they attempt to return outdoors.
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House Fly - ANSWER common, dull gray, 1/4 inch long with four narrow black stripes on their thorax. breed in animal manure, rotting vegetable matter, and household garbage. adult females will fly up to two miles looking for a place to lay their eggs.
Flesh Fly - ANSWER gray, with three strips on thorax and a checkerboard pattern on abdomen. 1/3 inch long. breed on animal carcasses.
Blow Fly - ANSWER 1/4 - 1/2 inch long, metallic green, blue, or bronze. deposit eggs on animal carcasses and are attracted to animal manure and garbage. large number indoors often represents presence of dead animal inside structure
Wasps and Bees Management Practices - ANSWER nest destruction is primary control method. warranted only when pose health threat to people. drilling and dusting for nests in buildings voids. leave entrance unplugged until whole colony is killed. best to treat at night with red filtered light. protective clothing essential. food and garbage important to eliminate source.
Paper Wasp - ANSWER 3/4 inch long, reddish-brown, build umbrella-shaped nests with hexagonal cells open at one end. european paper wasps are yellow and black and nest in small voids
Mud Dauber - ANSWER slender, solitary, 3/4 inch long. build tube-shaped nest made of mud attached to structures
Yellowjacket - ANSWER stinging, several thousand in colony, boldly marked yellow and black, striped abdomen, 1/2 inch long, nests underground or in structural voids, very aggressive
Baldfaced Hornet - ANSWER 3/4 inch long, black and white markings with white face, nests are papery oval shaped
European Hornet - ANSWER 1 1/2 inches long, brown with dull reddish stripes, usually nests in hollow tree trunks
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Sawtoothed Grain Beetle - ANSWER 1/10 inch long, reddish-brown, flattened, elongated, saw-toothed serrations along each side of thorax. feeds on processed foods and damaged grain
Granary Weevil - ANSWER 1/4 - 1/8 inches long, reddish brown to black, snout. cannot fly. infest whole grains
Rice Weevil - ANSWER 1/4 - 1/8 inches long, reddish brown to black, snout. can fly. infest whole grains
Carpet Beetle and Larva - ANSWER pests of fabrics, stored products, and variety of animal and plant based materials. adults 1/8 inch long, oval, dark brown, can fly, attracted to lights. larvae carrot shaped, 1/4 inch long, and have tufts of hairs extending from abdomen, causes damage
Clothes Moth - ANSWER 1/2 inch long, buff-colored insects with small tufts of hair on heads. larvae produce silken webs and feed on wool, hair, and feathers
Ants - ANSWER structure-invading pest. social insects that live in colonies with queens, males, and workers. queen responsible for egg production, male responsible to fertilize queen, most females are workers and are sterile. workers tend the queen, males, brood, and guard nest against threats and search for food. form colonies through swarms or budding. swarms - during certain time of year, winged male and females leave to find a new colony. shed wings, male dies after mating. budding - more than one queen, so migrate to new location
Cockroaches - ANSWER hide in cracks and crevices. legs specialized for running and climbing. most poor fliers. three developmental stages: egg, nymph, adult. adult female produces purse-shaped egg containing two rows of eggs. drops in protected location. nymphs emerge from eggs within several days to several weeks. shaped like adults, but smaller and no wings and different color. go through several instars (molts) until reach adulthood.
Flies - ANSWER lay eggs on moist organic material. undergo complete metamorphosis: egg, larva, pupae, adult. larvae called maggots. serve as decomposers, but pose potential health threat because they can spread disease-causing bacteria.
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Wasps and Bees - ANSWER Wasps have smooth bodies while bees are hairy. region between thorax and abdomen narrows for wasps but robust and rounded for bees. Wasps feed larvae animal matter, while bees feed theirs pollen and honey. some solitary, while others social. social wasps have queen, workers, and males. construct nest of paper from chewed plant fibers. attach to tree limbs or buildings. survive only one season, but fertilized females overwinter in protected areas. solitary wasps excavate nests in soil or construct of mud. females lay eggs in nest and fill with dead insects for larvae. social bees form colonies that include queen, workers, male. produce wax, combs, and honey in nests. colonies may survive for many years.
Stored Product and Fabric Pests Management Practices - ANSWER remove infested product source in homes and restaurants. pheromone traps in large commercial accounts. widespread infestations may require fumigation. vacuuming, dry-cleaning, washing preferred approaches. also can use pesticide sprays for areas not infested to clothes or bedding
Earwig - ANSWER 1/2 - 3/4 inch long, reddish brown to black, pincer-like appendages at tip of abdomen, active at night, during day hide in moist locations, move indoors during periods of heat and drought
Centipede - ANSWER one pair of legs per body segment, house centipede is brown and has long spindly legs, can grow to 1 1/2 inches, prefers basements, crawl spaces, can bite but minor discomfort
Millipede - ANSWER two pairs of short legs on each body segment, most common is brown or gray and 1/2 - 1 1/2 inches long, rolls in coil when disturbed, generally live outdoors but migrate indoors in large numbers
Sow Bug - ANSWER oval, gray, 1/2 inch long, seven pairs of legs, cannot roll into ball, prefers moist areas and found lying under objects on ground, occasionally move into basements
Silverfish - ANSWER flat, elongated, 1/2 - 3/4 inches long, silvery gray, long antennae, three long bristles at time of abdomen, attracted to flour and starches and can damage paper, bookbindings and fabrics. damp locations.
Firebrat - ANSWER flat, elongated, 1/2 - 3/4 inches long, gray with dark markings, long antennae, three long bristles at time of abdomen, attracted to flour and starches and can damage paper, bookbindings
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American Dog Tick - ANSWER 8 legs, big as pencil eraser, live in woods and fields where they seek hosts: coyote, raccoons, horses, dogs, humans, cattle.
Bedbug - ANSWER adults 1/4 inch long, reddish-brown, flattened oval bodies. nymphs smaller and lighter colored. feeds on host at night. during day hide in cracks and crevices. bites may produce red welts that itch and even causes emotional distress in some people
Black Widow Spider - ANSWER adult female shiny black and rounded abdomen with red hourglass on underside. 1/2 inch long. construct irregular webs in undisturbed locations. male is smaller and nondescript. bite is poisonous.
Brown Recluse Spider - ANSWER light brown with fiddle shaped mark on back. long-legged, body length 1/2 inch. secluded during day, at night hunts for insects. is poisonous
Yellow Sac Spider - ANSWER small, 3/8 inch body size, front legs noticeably longer than rest. straw- colored. active at night, especially when temperatures drop in fall. construct silken tubes in sheltered areas
Wolf Spider - ANSWER large, hairy, almost inch long, various patterns of gray, brown and black. active hunters. will bite, not poisonous
House Spider - ANSWER gray to brown with several dark stripes on rounded abdomen. body 1/3 inch long. construct irregular-shaped webs in secluded, humid locations. basements and crawlspaces.
Cellar Spider - ANSWER pale with long, slender legs. body length 1/4 inch. irregular-shaped webs in dark damp locations
Occasional Invaders - ANSWER typically do not inhabit buildings. find resources near buildings that have trees, shrubs, mulch, etc. enter buildings accidentally or as response to environmental changes such as rainfall, drought, or temperature changes
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Occasional Invaders Management Practices - ANSWER repair cracks in foundation walls, seal, etc. remove harborages by maintaining grass, mulch, etc. keep drainage away from buildings, repair damaged downspouts, etc. apply residual spray around perimeter of house. remove by hand or vacuuming. spot treatments wherever pests are found in doors
Parasites of People and Pets Management Practices - ANSWER ticks- apply residual sprays to infested areas. mow and trim shrubs. fleas- spray infested areas. vacuuming, topical treatments for pets. lice- consult physician. is medical condition. bed bug- thorough inspections in order to find them. vacuuming and steam treatment, heat 120-130 degrees F to kill them quickly. residual control also an option. repeat visits typically required
Parasites of People and Pets - ANSWER feed on blood from hosts. fleas lice bed bugs insects. ticks are not.
Spiders - ANSWER closely related to ticks/mites. beneficial but a nuisance indoors. bites painful and left untreated can lead to medical problems.
Spiders General Management Practices - ANSWER identify species. sanitation. vacuum away webbings. residual sprays to prevent populations from rebounding
Rocky Mountain Fever - ANSWER spread by American Dog Tick
Lyme Disease - ANSWER spread by Deer Tick
Unprotected by Migratory Bird Species Act - ANSWER pigeons, house sparrows, european starlings
European Starling - ANSWER iridescent blue-black, summer plumage is flecked with gold, bills large and distinctively yellow or olive-colored. 8 inches long, short square tail and short triangular wings. feed on grains, seeds, and garbage. roost in very large flocks. nests built of stiff, fibrous material lined with grass and other soft fibers. lay 6 eggs per clutch and produce two broods per year
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Mice and Rats - ANSWER consume and contaminate food meant for people, pets, and livestock. damage structures and property. can transmit variety of diseases to people. not known to cause rabies
Mice and Rats Management Practices - ANSWER inspection, sanitation, exclusion, population reduction. determine rodent. clean and exclude from sources. seal openings larger than 1/4 inch. trapping, baiting, rodenticides. traps set along travel routes within range of burrow.
Hantavirus - ANSWER deer mouse known to transmit hantavirus, fatal pulmonary disease to humans. use HEPA filter respirator.
Commercial Pesticide Applicator Certification Term - ANSWER 5 years
Length of Commercial Pesticide Applicator License Term - ANSWER 1 year, renewed annually
Maximum Number of Registered Technicians an Applicator May Supervise - ANSWER 10 without written permission from OISC
Site Assessment Fact Sheet - ANSWER written instructions for RT that is category-specific for when 7a licensed applicators are not present.
Continuing Credit Hours a Category 7A Applicator Must Accrue During Certification Term - ANSWER 20 within five year term
Online Source for Locating Programs Approved for Pesticide Applicator Continuing Education Credit - ANSWER oisc.purdue.edu > click on Pesticide > Find CCH Programs > 7A
Length of Recordkeeping Term for Pesticides Applied to School Property - ANSWER two years for schools
Only Times when Pesticides May be Applied at Schools during Normal Instructional Hours - ANSWER pest present that poses immediate health threat to students, application is to an area not immediately
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adjacent to student occupied area and students are kept out of area for at least four hours, application is rodenticide bait applied in areas that are totally inaccessible to students
Length of Recordkeeping Term for Restricted-Use Pesticide Applications - ANSWER 2 years from date of application
