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80 Final Exam Life 102 CSU Erik
Arthun
The Kaibab Squirrel arose from a common ancestor, but have been separated by the Grand Canyon. What type of speciation event allowed the development of these two species?
A) Divergent habitat speciation B) Sexual speciation C) Allopatric speciation D) Sympatric speciation - โ โ Allopatric speciation House finches were found only in western North America until 1939, when a few individuals were released in New York City. These individuals established a breeding population and gradually expanded their range. The western population also expanded its range somewhat eastward, and the two populations have recently come in contact. If the two forms were unable to interbreed when their expanding ranges met, it would be an example of _____.
A) Allopatric speciation B) Sympathetic speciation C) Prezygotic isolation
D) Reinforcement - โ โ Allopatric specialization Among plant species, which of these have been the two most commonly occurring phenomena that have led to the origin of new species?
A) Sympathetic speciation and sexual selection B) Allopatric speciation and polyploidy C) Sympatric speciation and polyploidy D) Allopatric speciation and sexual selection - โ โ Sympatruc speciation and polyploidy Speciation......
A) Occurs only by the accumulation of small genetic change over vast expanses time B) Can involve changes to a single gene C) Must begin with the geographic isolation of small, frontier population D) Occurs at such a slow pace that no one has ever observed the emergence of new species - โ โ Can involve changes to a single gene According to the endosymbiont theory, which of the following eukaryotic organelles was at one time a free-living prokaryote that was engulfed by another cell?
D) They are involved in long-distance transport in the cell - โ โ They are involved in protein synthesis The force driving simple diffusion is.........,while the energy source of active transport is.......
A) the concentration gradient B) Phosphorylated protein carriers; ATP C) Transmembrane pumps: electron transport chain D) The concentration gradient; ATP - โ โ The concentration gradient Mammalian red blood cells contain the equivalent of 0.15 M NaCl. Distilled water contains the equivalent of o.o M NaCl. What will happen if your red blood cells are transferred from your bloodstream into distilled water?
A) The blood cells will take up water, swell and eventually burst. B) NaCl will be exported from the red blood cells by facilitated diffusion. C) NaCl will passively diffuse into the red blood cells D) The blood cells with expend ATP for active transport of NaCl into the cytoplasm E) Water will leave the cells, causing them to shrivel and collapse - โ โ The blood cells will take up water, swell and eventually burst.
Which term most precisely describes the cellular process if building large, complex molecules, using smaller simpler molecules?
A) Dehydration B) Catalysis C) Metabolism D) Anabolism E) Catabolism - โ โ Anabolism Which molecule connects anabolism and catabolism in cells by storing energy from catabolic reactions and providing that energy to anabolic reactions?
A) Acetyl CoA B) Glucose C) ATP D) NAD+ E) FADH2 - โ โ ATP How does a competitive inhibitor decrease the rate of an enzyme reaction?
A) By changing the free energy change of the reaction
Which of the following events takes place in the electron transport chain?
A) Substrate-level phosphorylation B) The extraction of energy from high-energy electrons remaining from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle C) The breakdown of an acetyl group to carbon dioxide D) The breakdown of glucose into pryuvate molecules - โ โ The extraction of energy from high-energy electrons remaining from glycolysis and the civic acid cycle Both cellular respiration and photosynthesis make use of a hydrogen ion gradient created by an electron transport chain to produce
A) Oxygen B) NADPH C) ATP D) Glucose - โ โ ATP Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?
A) Respiration runs the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis in reverse
B) Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules: respiration releases energy from complex molecules C) Photosynthesis is catabolic; respiration is anabolic D) ATP molecules are produced in photosynthesis and used up in respiration E) Photosynthesis occurs only in plant; respiration occurs only in animals - โ โ Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules: respiration releases energy from complex organic molecules. What results from an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms?
A) A polymer B) A non polar covalent bond C) An ionic bond D) A polar covalent bond E) A hydrophobic reaction - โ โ a polar covalent bond In a drop of water, which two types of bonds occur between atoms?
A) Hydrogen bonds within each water molecule, ionic bond between separate water molecules B) Polar covalent bonds within each water molecule, covalent bonds between separate water moles
A) Three dimension al shape of the fully-folded polypeptide created by the interaction of individual amino acid side chains B) Organization of a polypeptide chain into a-helices or B-pleated sheets C) Order in which amino acids are joined together to form a polypeptide chain D) Complex structure cause by two or more individual polypeptides sticking together - โ โ Three-dimensional shape of the fully-folded polypeptide created by the interaction of individual amino acid side chains The function of each protein is a consequence of its specific shape. What is the term used for a change in the protein's three-dimensional shape, or conformation due to disruption of hydrogen bonds, disulfide bridges, or ionic bonds?
A) Hydrolysis B) Stabilization C) Denaturation D) Renaturation E) Destabilization - โ โ Denaturation Which of the following macromolecules leaves the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell through pores in the nuclear membrane?
A) Cellulose B) Amino Acids C) mRNA D) Phospholipids E) DNA - โ โ mRNA A cell containing 40 chromatids at metaphase of mitosis would (at the completion of mitosis) produce two nuclei each containing how many chromosomes?
A) 10 B) 20 C) 40 D) 80 - โ โ 20 In animals, fertilization results in zygotes, and meiosis results in
A) Spores B) Clones C) Somatic cells D) Gametes
What did the F1 offspring of Mendel's classic pea cross always look like one of the two parental varieties?
A) The genes that interacted to produce the parental phenotypes were different than the genes that interacted to produce the F1 phenotypes C) The traits blended together during fertilization D) One allele was completely dominant over another E) Each allele affected phenotypic expression - โ โ One allele was completely dominant over another In certain plants, tall is dominant to short. If a heterozygous plant is crossed with a homozygous short plant, what is the probability that the offspring will be short?
A) 0 B) 1/ C) 1/ D) 3/ E) 1 - โ โ 1/ Two heterozygous carriers of a recessive allele are going to have a baby. What is the chance of them having a child that shows the normal (dominant) phenotype?
A) 1/
B) 1/
C) 1/
D) 3/4 - โ โ 3/
Males are more-often affected by sex-linked traits than females because
A) Male hormones (such as testosterone) often alter the effects of m nations on the X chromosomes B) Female hormones (such as estrogen) often compensate for the effects of mutations on the X Chromosome D) C chromosomes in males generally have more mutations than X chromosomes in females E) Females have only one copy of the Y chromosome - โ โ Males have only one copy of the X chromosome A man who carries an allele of a Y-linked gene will pass it on to
A) All of his daughters B) Half of his daughters C) All of his sons D) Half of his sons - โ โ All of his sons
C) DNA polymerase III D) DNA polymerase I E) Ligase - โ โ Ligase +++What are events 1-3?
A) 1 = reverse transcription; 2 = transcription; 3 = reverse transcription B) 1 = replication; 2 = translation; 3 = reverse transcription C) 1 = splicing; 2 = transcription; 3 = translation D) 1 = replication; 2 = transcription; 3. = translation E) 1 = translation; 2 = transcription; 3 = replication - โ โ 1= replication; 2=transcription; 3=translation In a eukaryotic cell, where do transcription and translation take place? A) Bothe in the cytosol B) Both in the nucleus C) Transcription in the nucleus and translation in the cytosol D) Transcription in the nucleus and translation in the mitochondrion E) Transcription in the cytosol and translation in the nucleus - โ โ Transcription in the nucleus and translation in the cytosol The mRNA that codes for a particular eukaryotic protein is shown below: 5'ACC-AGU-UAA-AUG-UUU-AGA-CUA_GGG-UAG-AAA 3' What will be the amino acid sequence of this particular protein?
- Met-Phe-Arg-Leu-Gly
- The-Ser-Tyr-Met-Phe-Arg-Glu-Gly C) Met-Phe-Tyr-Leu-Pro D) Thr-Ser-Tyr-Met-Phe-Arg-Leu-Gly - โ โ Met-Phe-Arg-Leu-Gly Which of the following supports the argument that viruses are nonliving?
A)Their DNA does not encode proteins B) They metabolize food and produce their own ATP C) They have RNA rather than DNA D) They do not evolve E) They cannot reproduce by themselves - โ โ They cannot reproduce by themselves You have just come down with a viral infection that is impacting your upper respiratory tract. What is the most likely reason that your pet dog has not become infected with the same virus?
A) The tissue tropism if the virus is not broad enough B) Dog's immune system are more -efficient at fighting off viruses C) Your dog had the virus last year and now she is immune to it
Which of the following conclusions was made by Darwin as part of his evolutionary theory?
A) Dominant traits will mask harmful recessive traits within a population B) All life originated from the Galapagos C) Adaptations beneficial in one habitat should generally be beneficial in a ll other habitats D) Organisms that are better-adapted to the current environment will produce more offspring in the next generation E) Individual organisms will adapt to their current environment as they are exposed to the various environmental changes over their lifetime - โ โ Organisms that are better-adapted to the current environment will produce more offspring in the next generation Which of the following evidence most strongly supports the common origin of all life on Earth? All organisms........
A) Show heritable variation B) Reproduce C) Use essentially the same genetic code D) Require energy - โ โ Use essentially the same genetic code In Darwin's thinking, the more closely-related two different organisms are, the:
A) Less-similar their DNA sequences are B) More-similar they are in size C) Less-likely they are to have the same genes in common D) More-recently they shared a common ancestor E) More-similar their habitats are - โ โ More- recently they share a common ancestor A farmer uses triazine herbicide to control pigweed in this field. For the first few years, the triazine works well and almost all the pigweed dies: but after serval years, the farmer sees more and more pigweed. Which of these explanations best explains what happened?
A) Natural selection causes the pigweed to mutate, creating a new triazine-resistant species B) The herbicide company lost its triazine formula and started selling poor-quality triazine C) Triazine-resistant weeds were more likely to survive and reproduce D) Triazine-resistant weeds were less efficient photosynthesis metabolism - โ โ Triazine-resistant weeds were more likely to survive and reproduce Genetic Variation......
