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Types of Cameras: A Comprehensive Guide for Aspiring Photographers, Study notes of Photography

Alagappa UniversityPhotography

A detailed overview of various camera types, including film cameras, compact digital cameras, dslrs, action cameras, and pinhole cameras. It delves into the unique features, advantages, and disadvantages of each type, making it a valuable resource for aspiring photographers seeking to understand the diverse world of cameras.

Typology: Study notes

2024/2025

Available from 02/11/2025

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TOPIC: TYPES OF CAMERAS
INTRODUCTION
Modern technology has transformed capturing photos as a regular everyday activity as compared
to during the earlier generations when only film cameras were available.
With rapid technological advances, more and more types of cameras are being developed to suit
every aspiring photographer. Cameras are being developed to suit a photography enthusiast’s
artistic style and needs.
There are cameras in the market which have such defined specs that even an amateur can click
scintillating pictures. The technological improvements too come in very handy for both
professionals and learners alike.
Nowadays, cameras come in many different forms. These camera types include film cameras,
compact digital cameras, DSLRs, action cameras and many more. It becomes easy to
differentiate between the cameras once you find out more about each of them, what they’re best
for, and what their pros and cons are.
Single Lens Reflex (SLR)
The first major difference between SLRs and digital compact cameras is in terms of price. Even
though digital SLR prices have come down over the years, they are still significantly more
expensive than their compact cousins.
Size and weight is the second most obvious difference between SLR and compact digital
cameras. Even a small-sized digital SLR camera is twice the size and bulk of a compact camera.
Though many new digital SLR models are more portable and easier to travel with, they are still
not able to fit in your shirt pocket or purse.
Digital SLR cameras that could capture both video and still images made their first appearance in
2008. Prior to 2008, digital SLR cameras were exclusively used for capturing stills. Even now
when videos have become a more common feature in SLRs, they suffer from one major
limitation; autofocus does not work while you are capturing video.
This means that you will have to focus manually, which is pretty tricky when you are taking
video of fast-moving subjects. However, the video captured by digital SLRs does have one
advantage over compacts; you can set the camera to capture High Definition (HD) videos that
are suitable for playback on modern HDTVs.
Digital SLRs with video capture also come equipped with HDMI ports, so you can connect the
camera directly to your TV to playback both photos and video. While compact digital cameras
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TOPIC: TYPES OF CAMERAS

INTRODUCTION

Modern technology has transformed capturing photos as a regular everyday activity as compared to during the earlier generations when only film cameras were available. With rapid technological advances, more and more types of cameras are being developed to suit every aspiring photographer. Cameras are being developed to suit a photography enthusiast’s artistic style and needs. There are cameras in the market which have such defined specs that even an amateur can click scintillating pictures. The technological improvements too come in very handy for both professionals and learners alike. Nowadays, cameras come in many different forms. These camera types include film cameras, compact digital cameras, DSLRs, action cameras and many more. It becomes easy to differentiate between the cameras once you find out more about each of them, what they’re best for, and what their pros and cons are. Single Lens Reflex (SLR) The first major difference between SLRs and digital compact cameras is in terms of price. Even though digital SLR prices have come down over the years, they are still significantly more expensive than their compact cousins. Size and weight is the second most obvious difference between SLR and compact digital cameras. Even a small-sized digital SLR camera is twice the size and bulk of a compact camera. Though many new digital SLR models are more portable and easier to travel with, they are still not able to fit in your shirt pocket or purse. Digital SLR cameras that could capture both video and still images made their first appearance in

  1. Prior to 2008, digital SLR cameras were exclusively used for capturing stills. Even now when videos have become a more common feature in SLRs, they suffer from one major limitation; autofocus does not work while you are capturing video. This means that you will have to focus manually, which is pretty tricky when you are taking video of fast-moving subjects. However, the video captured by digital SLRs does have one advantage over compacts; you can set the camera to capture High Definition (HD) videos that are suitable for playback on modern HDTVs. Digital SLRs with video capture also come equipped with HDMI ports, so you can connect the camera directly to your TV to playback both photos and video. While compact digital cameras

have electronic zooms, the zoom mechanisms in digital SLR lenses are entirely manual. To change the view in a SLR, you have to twist a ring on the lens. This manual zoom actually results in a faster zoom, you do not have to wait for the motors to move the lens in and out, you can just twist the zoom ring as fast or slow as you like. SLRs and compact digital cameras also differ with respect to the zoom range. There are many compact cameras available in the market today with ‘megazooms’. These cameras have 10x or 12x zooms and are capable of taking both wide angle and telephoto shots. In order to cover a similar range with a digital SLR you may either buy a mega-zoom lens or buy two zoom lenses. Pinhole Cameras Constructing a simple pinhole camera is easy. Make a hole in one side of a closable box made of material which doesn’t let light in. Place a thin piece of metal or tin can with a tiny hole over the opening. On the outside of the box stick a strip of black tape over the opening which acts as the release. Then, in a dark room, attach a piece of film or photographic paper onto the opposite side and the camera is ready. The pinhole camera’s simple construction offers a number of ways in whichit can be constructed, using various materials. The cameras can be all kinds of shapes and sizes, with various formats and types of light-sensitive material, several holes, curved film planes, for panoramic images etc. There are all sorts of imaginative ways to make these cameras; the most ordinary of objects can unexpectedly become pinhole cameras, for example a matchbox, book, a pepper, travel bag, a delivery van, an old fridge or even a hotel room. You can, of course, turn your ordinary camera into a pinhole camera by simply replacing the lens with a small hole. Folding and DSLR A digital single-lens reflex camera (also called digital SLR or DSLR) is a digital camera that combines the optics and the mechanisms of a single-lens reflex camera with a digital imaging sensor, as opposed to photographic film. The reflex design scheme is the primary difference between a DSLR and other digital cameras. In the reflex design, light travels through the lens, then to a mirror that alternates to send the image to either the viewfinder or the image sensor. The traditional alternative would be to have a viewfinder with its own lens, hence the term “single lens” for this design. By using only one lens, the viewfinder of a DSLR presents an image that will not differ substantially from what is captured by the camera’s sensor. A DSLR differs from non-reflex

inches, 9×18 inches (K17, K18, K19, K22 etc.), using roll film of 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, or 10 inches width or, view cameras (including pinhole cameras), reproduction/process cameras, and x-ray film. Above 8×10 inches, the formats are often referred to as Ultra Large Format (ULF) and may be 11×14, 16×20, or 20×24 inches or as large as film, plates, or cameras are available. Many large formats (e.g., 24×24, 36x36, and 48x48 inches) are horizontal cameras designed to make big negatives for contact printing onto press-printing plates. The Polaroid 20×24 camera is one of the largest format instant cameras in common usage and can be hired from Polaroid agents in various countries. Many well-known photographers have used the 235 pounds (107 kg), wheeled-chassis Polaroid. Control Most, but not all, large format cameras are view cameras, with fronts and backs called “standards” that allow the photographer to better control rendering of perspective and increase apparent depth of field. Architectural and close-up photographers in particular benefit greatly from this ability. These allow the front and back of the camera to be shifted up/down and left/right (useful for architectural images where the scene is higher than the camera, and product images where the scene is lower than the camera) and tilted out of parallel with each other left/right, up/down, or both; based on the Scheimpflug principle. The shift and tilt movements make it possible to solve otherwise impossible depth-of-field problems, and to change perspective rendering, and create special effects that would be impossible with a conventional fixed-plane fixed-lens camera.