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Download Functions of Hormones from Anterior & Posterior Pituitary Glands in Endocrine System and more Quizzes Pharmacology in PDF only on Docsity!
What are the 8 endocrine glands in the body?
Pituitary GlandPineal glandThymus glandParathyoid
glandsThyroid glandGonadsAdrenal glandsPancreas
TERM 2
What does the Anterior Pituitary gland
secrete
DEFINITION 2
hGHTSHACTHPRLLH
TERM 3
What does the pineal gland secrete?
DEFINITION 3
serotonin- daymelatonin- night-regulates human puberty and
animal breeding
TERM 4
What does the parathyroid glands secrete?
DEFINITION 4
Parathyroid hormoneit increases blood calcium levels
TERM 5
What does the thyroid gland secrete?
DEFINITION 5
t3 Triiodothyroninet4 tetraiodothyronine (thyroxine)
What are the 5 classifcations of hormones?
SteroidsMonaminesOligopeptidesglycoproteinspolypeptides
TERM 7
What are steroids derived
from?
DEFINITION 7
Cholesterol
TERM 8
What are monamines derived
from?
DEFINITION 8
A single amino acid
TERM 9
What are oligopeptides derived
from?
DEFINITION 9
3-10 amino acids
TERM 10
What are examples of
steroids?
DEFINITION 10
glucocorticoidsvitamin DSex steroids
What are examples of
glycoproteins?
FSHLHTSHhCGinhibin
TERM 17
What are example of polypeptides?
DEFINITION 17
insulinglucagoncalcitoninprolactingrowth hormone
TERM 18
How are hydrophobic hormones carried in the
blood?
DEFINITION 18
Via transport proteins
TERM 19
Do Hyrdrophobic or hydrophillic hormones
travel freely in blood?
DEFINITION 19
Hydrophillic hormones usually travel freely in the blood
meaning they are unbound
TERM 20
Where do steroid hormones bind to?
DEFINITION 20
Nuclear receptors associated with DNA transcription
Where do thyroid hormones bind?
cytoplasmic receptors on mitochondria, ribosomes, or
nucleus
TERM 22
Where do non protein, non-steroid, and non-
thyroid hormones bind?
DEFINITION 22
To cell receptors that activate cAMP, diacylglycerol or inositol
triphosphate second messenger systems
TERM 23
cAMP pathway
DEFINITION 23
hormone binds to receptorG ptortin is activatedG protein
activates adenylate cyclaseAdenylate cyclase produces
cAMPcAMP activcates protein kinases
TERM 24
Where are receptors located?
DEFINITION 24
cytoplasmnucleuscell membrane
TERM 25
Diacylglycerol system
DEFINITION 25
-Hormone binds to receptor which activates G protein-G
protein activates phospholipase-phospholipase removes
phosphate containing group which gives rise to DAG-DAG
activates kinase that phosphorylates enzymes that affect
metabolismSllde 10
Posterior pituitary is derived from
________
Brain tissue
TERM 32
Posterior pituitary gland connects to _____
DEFINITION 32
hypothalamus by the hypothalmic hypophyseal tract
TERM 33
Anterior pituitary gland is derived
from_____
DEFINITION 33
Embyronic tissue
TERM 34
Anterior pituitary is connected to the
hypothalmus by the _________
DEFINITION 34
hypophysial portal circulation
TERM 35
How does the hypothalamus control the
pituitary gland?
DEFINITION 35
Releasing hormones into the hypophyseal portal circulation
Another name for anterior pituitary
gland?
Adenohypophysis
TERM 37
What is the Neurohypophysis?
DEFINITION 37
Posterior pituitary gland
TERM 38
What releases oxytocin?
DEFINITION 38
Hypothalamus makes OTPosterior pituitary releases it
TERM 39
How does oxytocin affect
males?
DEFINITION 39
causes contraction of smooth muscle during ejaculation
TERM 40
How does oxytocin affect females?
DEFINITION 40
induces labor contractionsreleases milk from mammary
glands
What is Gigantism?
very tall height as a result of GH hypersecretion in infants
and children
TERM 47
What is acromegaly?
DEFINITION 47
distorted facial features caused by hypersection of GH in
adults
TERM 48
What is the nerve tract called in the pituitary
gland?
DEFINITION 48
Hyptothalmic hypophyseal tract
TERM 49
What stimulates thyroid
hormones?
DEFINITION 49
Anterior pituitary hormoneTSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone)
TERM 50
What stimulates secretion of
glucocorticoids?
DEFINITION 50
Anterior pituitary hormoneACTH (adrenocorticotropic
hormones that come from the adrenal glands
Prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone and
luteinizing hormone are hormones of the_____
Anterior pituitary
TERM 52
Control of secretion via the Anterior pituitary
gland is regulated by positive or negative
feedback?
DEFINITION 52
Negative feedback
TERM 53
Where is serotonin and melatonin secreted
from?
DEFINITION 53
The Pineal glandserotonin- daymelatonin- night
TERM 54
Which gland regulates the timing of puberty?
DEFINITION 54
The pineal gland
TERM 55
The pineal gland size reduces or increases as
people age?
DEFINITION 55
reduces
Where is calcitonin produced?
C-cells of the thyroidalso called parafolicular cells
TERM 62
What are the four thyroid gland disorders?
DEFINITION 62
1.) Thyroid dwarfism (cretinism)2.) Hashimoto Thyroidisis
(hypothyroidism)3.)Hyperthyroidism (Graves disease
symptoms)4.) Endemic goiter (hypothyroidsim)note
increased T3 and T4 cells
TERM 63
Cause and symptoms of
Cretinism
DEFINITION 63
Cretinism = Thyroid dwarfismcause: too little secretion of
thyroid hormones during fetal developmentsymptoms:
severe form of mental and physical retardation in
newborns**reversible if hormonal replacement therapy is
started during the 1st four months of life**
TERM 64
Causes and symptoms of Hashimoto
Thyroiditis
DEFINITION 64
cause: hypothyrodism caused by inflammation of
glandsymptoms:Metabolic Rate (decrease T3 T4Body
TemperatureGoiter- due to excessive stimulation for TSH.
enlargement of thyroid gland-weight gain-Myxedema: dry
scaly skin
TERM 65
Cause and symptoms of Grave's
disease
DEFINITION 65
cause hyperthyroidismSymptoms:increased metabolic
rateincreased body tempanxiety and irritabilitygoiter due to
enlargement of thyroid glandExoppthalmia- protruding
bulging eyes-heat intolerance
Causes and symptoms of endemic
goiter?
causes: hypothyroidism due to iodine deficiency-insufficient
dietary iodine to make T3 and T4endemic=localized
regionlack of negative feedback from T3 and T4 causes
overstimulation and growth of the thyroid gland by TSHGoiter
TERM 67
What hormone increases blood
calcium?
DEFINITION 67
PArathyroid hormone by removing calcium from the bones
TERM 68
What hormone lowers blood calcium levels?
DEFINITION 68
Calcitonin by storing it in the bones
TERM 69
Review the Thyroid negative feedback
system
DEFINITION 69
Increase levels of T3 & T4Release of
_________________________________
TERM 70
What Causes
Hypoparathyroidism?
DEFINITION 70
Surgical excision during thyroid surgery resulting in fatal
tetanus within 3-4 days
What layer of the adrenal cortex secretes the
MALE sex hormones?
Zona Reticularis
TERM 77
What are 3 Adrenal gland syndromes?
DEFINITION 77
Adrenogenital SyndromeAddison's DiseaseCushing's disease
TERM 78
Excessive androgen secretion, female
musculinization, and early male puberty/rapid
masculinzation indicates....
DEFINITION 78
Adrenogenital Syndrome
TERM 79
Insufficient glucocorticoids, lack of energy,
weight loss, inability to resist stress indicated
which disorder?
DEFINITION 79
Addison's Disease
TERM 80
Excessive glucocorticoids, muscle wasting,
spindly arms/legs, fat redistribution in face,
upper mid back, abdomen
DEFINITION 80
Cushing's Disease
Does sympathetic or parasympathetic
stimulation stimulate secretion from the
adrenal medulla?
Hormones of Adrenal Medulla are sympathomimetic-causes
fight-flight behaviorAdrenal tissues develop from the same
tissue as the sympathetic nervous system
TERM 82
What are
catecholamines?
DEFINITION 82
Hormones of the Adrenal MedullaEpinephrine(adrenaline)
and norepinephrine
TERM 83
What 2 hormones increase heart rate,
increase bloodflow to muscles, heart and
brain, increase blood pressure & dilate
airways
DEFINITION 83
Epinephrine & Norepinephrine-Fight or flight response
TERM 84
Does the pancreas have endocrine or
exocrine functions?
DEFINITION 84
It has both endocrine and exocrine partsExocrine: secretes
digestive enzymesEndocrine: Secretes hormones (pancreatic
islets of langerhans)
TERM 85
What hormone reduces inflammation?
DEFINITION 85
cortisol
How does insulin affect blood
glucose
via beta cellsDecreases blood glucose by-increasing uptake
of glucose into the cell-increases synthesis of liver glyogen
for storage-increases proteins and fat synthesis
TERM 92
What does glucagon influence blood glucose
levels?
DEFINITION 92
increases blood glucose levels via alpha cells- increases
synthesis of glucagon from AA in liver-increase breakdown of
liver glycogen into glucose-increase the release of glucose
from liver into blood
TERM 93
Beta cells are destroyed by the bodies own
immune system
DEFINITION 93
Diabetes Mellitus type I
TERM 94
Which types of diabetes shows a lack of
sensitivity to the secretion of insulin?
DEFINITION 94
Diabetes Type II
TERM 95
Which type of diabetes is characteristic of -
people >35yo -90%of the population
DEFINITION 95
Diabetes Type II
What type of diabetes is characteristic of
people under the age of 20
Diabetes Type I
TERM 97
Hyperinsulism triggers secretion of _____,
_____, & _____
DEFINITION 97
Hyperinsulism triggers the secretion ofepinephrine, GH, and
glucagon
TERM 98
What are the side effects of hyperinsulinism?
DEFINITION 98
anxiety, sweating, increased heart rateinsulin shock:
uncorrected hyperinsulinsm with disoreitnation, convulsions,
or unconsciousness
TERM 99
What are the three endocrine tissues?
DEFINITION 99
HeartSkinLiver
TERM 100
What does hepcidin
do?
DEFINITION 100
Promotes intestinal absorption of iron
