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Components of the upper respiratory System
Nose and Nasal cavityPharynx (Throat)Larynx (Voice box)
TERM 2
Components of the Lower respiratory
DEFINITION 2
TracheaBronchiLungs
TERM 3
Cell types found within the nasal structure
DEFINITION 3
PsuedoStratified ciliated columnarandGoblet Cells
TERM 4
The Pharaynx extends from the ____ to the ___
DEFINITION 4
Extends from the internal nares to the end of the l ayrnx
TERM 5
The pharynx or the layrnx allows for passage
of food or air
DEFINITION 5
the pharynx
The regions of the pharynx
NasopharynxOropharynxLaryngopharynx
TERM 7
The larynx or the pharynx contains the
voicebox?
DEFINITION 7
The larynx
TERM 8
The trachea extendes from the ___ to the ___
DEFINITION 8
extends from the larynx into the chests
TERM 9
What is the structure that extends into the
chest dividing into 2 bronchi
DEFINITION 9
Trachea
TERM 10
Which lung has 2 lobes?
DEFINITION 10
the left lung has 2 lobes due to oblique and horizontal
fissures
respiratory bronchioles divide into
____
Alveolar ducts
TERM 17
Alveolar ducts supple are to
DEFINITION 17
Alveolar sacs
TERM 18
Alveolar type I cells
DEFINITION 18
Make the alveolar epithelium wall
TERM 19
Type II Alveolar
Cells
DEFINITION 19
Secrete Surfactant
TERM 20
What type of alveolar cells are macrophage
cells?
DEFINITION 20
Type III
What type of Alveolar cells are Septal cells
Type II which secrete surfactant
TERM 22
How many layers compose the respiratory
membrane
DEFINITION 22
6 layers4 tissue and 2 fluid layers
TERM 23
Which molecule diffuses from alveolar air into
the lung capillary blood? Oxygen or CO2?
DEFINITION 23
Oxygen
TERM 24
Which molecule diffuses from the lung
capillary blood into the alveolar air? Oxygen
or CO
DEFINITION 24
CO
TERM 25
Two diseases that affect the respiratory
membrane
DEFINITION 25
PneumoniaEmphysema
Pressure within the pleural cavities is
called
intrapleural pressure
TERM 32
Intrapleural pressure is always (less than/
greater than) atmospheric pressure
DEFINITION 32
Intreapleural pressure is always LESS THAN atmospheric
pressureKeeps lungs attached to chest wall and inflated
TERM 33
Boyles Law As the size of the closed container
_____ pressure inside the contain is _____
DEFINITION 33
As the size of the closed container DECREASES pressure
inside the contain is INCREASED
TERM 34
Boyles Law As the size of a closed contains
____ pressure inside the container is ______
DEFINITION 34
As the size of a closed container INCREASES pressure inside
the container is DECREASED
TERM 35
Eupnea
DEFINITION 35
Quiet resting ventilation
During pulmonary ventilation air moves into
lungs when pressure inside lungs is ___ than
atmospheric pressure
air moves into lungs when pressure is LESS THAN
atmospheric pressure
TERM 37
contraction of diaphragm/ribs enlarges chest
making alveolar pressure ____ than
atmospheric pressure
DEFINITION 37
Contractions REDUCES alveolar pressure to LESS THAN
alveolar pressure
TERM 38
During Eupnea air moves out of lungs when
atmospheric pressure is _____ than the
pressure inside of lungs
DEFINITION 38
Air moves out of lungs when atmospheric pressure is LESS
THAN the pressure inside the lungs
TERM 39
T/F diaphragm and external intercostal
muscles do not relax during exhalation
DEFINITION 39
Falsediaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax
during ventialtion
TERM 40
If pressure in lungs is 762 mmHg what is
occuring? exhalation or inhalation
DEFINITION 40
exhalation**REMEMBER ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE IS 760
mmHg**
Anatomic Dead Space
The conducting division of airways
TERM 47
Physiological Dead Space
DEFINITION 47
Sum of anatomic dead space and any pathological alveolar
dead space with no gas echange
TERM 48
Alveolar ventilation
rate
DEFINITION 48
Directly relevant to ability for gas exchange= air that
ventilates alveoli x respiratory rate
TERM 49
lung volume record from a respirometer
device
DEFINITION 49
spirogram
TERM 50
a device that measures lung volumes and
capacities
DEFINITION 50
spirometer or respirometer
Volume is a single measure or 2+ measures
of quantity of air?
volume is ONE measure of quantity of air
TERM 52
Capcity is a single measure or 2+ measures
of quantity of air?
DEFINITION 52
Capcity is the SUM of 2 or more volumes
TERM 53
Tidal Volume
DEFINITION 53
Volume of air in one breathat rest
TERM 54
Inspiration Reserve volume (IRV)
DEFINITION 54
Volume of air inspired in addition to Tidal volume
(VT)yawning; taking in extra air
TERM 55
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
DEFINITION 55
Volume of air expired in addition to Tidal volumesneezing
volume
FEV1 Forced expiratory volume should be
greater than or lesser than 75%?
Should be greater than 75%anything lower may indicated
obstruction, disease, or weaknes of respiratory muscles
TERM 62
Directions of O2 & CO2 molecules during
alveolar gas exhange
DEFINITION 62
Siffusion of )2 from alveolar air into the bloodDiffusion of CO
from the blood into the alveolar air
TERM 63
Direction of O2 and CO2 molecules during
system exhange
DEFINITION 63
Diffusion of O2 rom blood into tissuesDiffusion of CO2 from
tissues into blood
TERM 64
Daltons Law of partial
pressure
DEFINITION 64
In a mixture of gases the total pressure is equal to the sum of
pressures contributed by each individual gas
TERM 65
partial pressure of oxygen in oxygenated
(arterial) blood is about ___- mmHg
DEFINITION 65
95 mmHg
Partial pressure for carbon dioxide in
oxygenated(arterial) blood is about ___ mmHg
40 mmHg
TERM 67
Partial pressure of oxygen in deoxygenated
(venous) blood
DEFINITION 67
40 mmHG
TERM 68
Partial pressure of carbon diozide in
deoxygenated(venous) blood i
DEFINITION 68
45 mHg
TERM 69
Henry's law
DEFINITION 69
The amount of gas that will dissolve in a liquid is proportional
to1.) Partial pressure of that gas2.) Solubility of the gas in the
liquid3.) Temperature of the Liquid
TERM 70
Hb molcules binds how many oxygen
molecules?
DEFINITION 70
Bohr effect
Metabolic acids and Co2 lower the pH in tissues and favors
unloading of O
TERM 77
At a lower pH, hemoglobin has a higher or
lower affinity for for O2.
DEFINITION 77
Hemoglobin has a LOWER AFFINITY for O2 at lower pH
TERM 78
Alveoli are less sensitive or more sensitive to
O2 affinity during pH changes?
DEFINITION 78
The are less likely to be affected due to the high Po2 which
favors loading
TERM 79
Higher temperature favors unloading or
loading?
DEFINITION 79
higher temperatures favor unloading in tissues
TERM 80
Lower temperatures favor loading or
unloading?
DEFINITION 80
lower temperatures favor loading in lungs
What acid does CO2 form?
Carbonic acidwhich in turn affects pH in body
TERM 82
What is the metabolic intermdiate of blood
that causes hemoglobin to loosen its grip on
on O2?
DEFINITION 82
BPG2,3 Bisphosphoglycerate
TERM 83
What factors increase BPG production?
DEFINITION 83
-higher metabolic rate-Higher altitude-growth hormone-
thyroxine-testosterone-epinephrine
TERM 84
Hypoxic Hypoxia
DEFINITION 84
Inadequate gas exchange or low pulmonary ventilation I
TERM 85
Ischemic Hypoxia
DEFINITION 85
Inadequate Blood flow or slow pulmonary circulation
The respiratory center is located in the ___ &
___
Pons and medulla oblongata
TERM 92
Hypercapnia affect on breathing
DEFINITION 92
increased CO2excites chemorecptors in carotid arteries,
aorta and medulla oblongata and breathing rate increases
TERM 93
Hypoxia affect on breathing
DEFINITION 93
Decrease in O2 such as high altitude excites chemoreceptors
and breathing rate increases
TERM 94
Proprioceptors affect on breathing
DEFINITION 94
factors that increase stimulation of proprioceptors such as
muscle contraction or joint movement during exercise
increases breathing rate
TERM 95
inflation reflex affect on breathing
DEFINITION 95
lungs over inflatestretch receptors become
activatedincreased nerve impulses to pons and medulla
inhibit inhalation before lungs can be damged
Apnea
Temporary cessation of breathing
TERM 97
Hyperpnea
DEFINITION 97
Rapid and deep breathing
TERM 98
Dyspnea
DEFINITION 98
Labored gasping breathing
TERM 99
Tachypnea
DEFINITION 99
accelerated respiration )shallow breathing)
TERM 100
Orthopnea
DEFINITION 100
Labored breathing when lying down flat that is relieved by
sitting up
