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A survey conducted by Peter Freeman of the University of California, Irvine, on the number and nature of software engineering courses offered by traditional educational institutions, industrial organizations, and professional development companies. The survey shows a rapid growth in course offerings from 1972 to 1977, with most responses indicating that offerings were repeated 1 to 12 times and well attended. data on the size and length of the courses, as well as the institutions and countries represented by the survey respondents.
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A.A.J. Hoffman, Director, Computer Science Program, Texas C h r i s t i a n University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129
Together with the recent, rapid growth in numbers of technical papers, survey articles, symposia, conferences, and books, there is also a corresponding increase in software engineering education activities. In order to obtain some insight into the number and nature of course offerings, Peter Freeman of the University of Cali- fornia, Irvine, published a survey form in early 1977 in both the A C M Software Engineering Notes and the IEEE TC/SE News- letter. Figure 1 replicates this survey form. Most responses were received by April, 1977. Recently, Peter F r e e m ~ n forwarded these responses to A.A.J. Hoffman of Texas Christian Universit I for analysis and reporting.
There were a total of 28 responses from 26 traditional educational institu- tions, offering regular and special courses, industrial organizations, and professional development companies. Table 1 is a list of the o r g a n i z a t i o n s represented by survey respondents. While most responses came from the United States, others originated in France, Canada, and the United Kingdom. The m a j o r i t y of the respondents simple returned the completed survey form, while others submitted course outlines and brochures. Software Engineering was the most popular course title (used by ten different organiz- ations). There were two each with titles of Introduction to Software Engineering, Software D e s i g n , - - a n ~ - ' ~ 6 e d Software SyStem Design. The c o m p l ~ l i s t of course titles is as shown in Table 2.
Items 3 and 4 on the survey requested course level (beginning, intermediate or advanced) and type (undergraduate, graduate, professional development, manu- facturer). The tabulation of responses to items 3 and 4 are shown in Table 3. Most courses are shown to be inter- m e d i a t e to advanced graduate, although the bulk of the undergraduate offerings are listed as intermediate. The latter result appears to be inconsistent.
All the respondents (28) offer courses in lecture form with eight
indicating concurrent laboratory. Eight titles are offered as seminars both in conjunction with a lecture series and by themselves. No respondents indicated offer~na a speaker series.
The rapid growth in courses is shown by responses to the "date first offered" item. No courses w e r e listed as beginning prior to 1972. In that year only two were offered. Table 4 shows the rapid growth in course starts from 1972, with 2, to 1977, with 8 starts. Most responses indicated that offerings were repeated 1 to 12 times. The institutions of higher education Offer courses each semester w h i l e professional d e v e l o p m e n t groups offer courses m o r e frequently. It appears that all courses are offered repeatedly and regularly once initiated. Furthermore, they are well attended. Some classes average 90 students, while others average as low as 5. The most prevalent size average is in the range of 20 to 25 students. The length of the offerings ranged from one four hour session to a 15-week one semester u n i v e r s i t y class, m e e t i n g one hour, three times each w e e k plus laboratory. Most fall into the latter category. The shorter courses ( to 10 weeks) tend to be most intense w i t h some scheduling 6 or 7 hours of class per day.
It is of interest to note that in almost every case the persons listed as instructors also are course developers. The course materials listed include text- books, lecture notes, and reprints of technical articles. Reprints are the most prevalent course material used, with a range of one to 30 reprints per class. The average number of reprints used was four. A few instructors indicated use of visual aids and audio cassettes. Some outside speakers w e r e also indicated.
The required w o r k for semester courses typically included a series of readings, four or five programs, and a term paper. One class offered by D.J. Reifer of U C L A includes a d i s c u s s i o n topic each session during w h i c h contro- versial issues are debated. Anita Jones
of C a r n e g i e - M e l l o n U n i v e r s i t y uses d i f - f e r e n t teams of three s t u d e n t s e a c h to create, test and m o d i f y each o t h e r t e a m ' s work.
A l t h o u g h m o s t r e s p o n d e n t s r e p o r t e d that c o u r s e s w e r e still in e a r l y s t a g e s of d e v e l o p m e n t , all are p l e a s e d w i t h t h e i r c o u r s e s and the r e s p o n s e of the students. One p r o b l e m e n c o u n t e r e d b y s e v e r a l i n s t r u c t o r s was that of i n t r o d u c i n g real w o r l d p r o b l e m s and a p p l i c a t i o n s into the course. One i n s t r u c t o r s u g g e s t e d separ- a t i n g real and a p p l i e d m e t h o d o l o g i e s into two courses. M a n y r e s p o n d e n t s l i k e to spend as m u c h time as p o s s i b l e in t e s t i n g.
C O N C L U S I O N S
The r a p i d g r o w t h of s o f t w a r e e n g i n e e r i n g p r e c l u d e s any f o r m a l s t a t u s r e p o r t b a s e d on d a t a over one year old. F u r t h e r m o r e , it is not c l e a r to w h a t e x t e n t this s u r v e y r e a c h e d or was r e t u r n e d by a n y r e a s o n a b l e p e r c e n t a g e of the p o t e n t i a l r e s p o n d e n t s. N e v e r t h e l e s s , the s u r v e y shows that a w i d e r a n g e of s o f t w a r e e n g i n e e r i n g c o u r s e s are a v a i l a b l e , that m o s t r e s p o n d e n t s o f f e r o n l y one course, no one o f f e r e r has a " c o m p l e t e " set, and that no formal d e g r e e p r o g r a m s e n t i t l e d "soft- w a r e e n g i n e e r i n g " are listed.
There is a real and u r g e n t need to d e c e m i n a t e d e t a i l e d i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t s o f t w a r e e n g i n e e r i n g e d u c a t i o n to t e x t - b o o k authors, c u r r i c u l u m d e v e l o p e r s , etc. Using the r e s u l t s of this s u r v e y as a basis, a new s u r v e y s h o u l d be p r e p a r e d and d i s t r i b u t e d to a w i d e l y d i v e r s e c o n s t i t u a n c y of p o t e n t i a l r e s p o n d e n t s. Also, the r e s u l t s of the s u r v e y s h o u l d be m a d e a v a i l a b l e m o r e q u i c k l y t h a n this survey.