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AAAE CM Final Real Exam Questions and Answers 2024
Where does TSA have regulatory influences and authority within the terminal? -
Answer 1. Checkpoint operations
- Airport police response to checkpoints and incidents
- Unattended bags
- Unattended vehicles
What did the Air Commerce Act (1926) prohibit? - Answer Using federal funds to
build or improve airports.
Works Progress Administration (WPA) - Answer Provided 50% of needed funding.
Built over 800 new airports.
Air Commerce Act of 1926 created what? - Answer Aeronautics Branch (soon known
as the Civil Aeronautics Admin) under the Dept. of Commerce.
Charged with fostering air commerce, establishing air traffic control, licensing for
pilots, aircraft certification, establishing airways, and issue and enforce air traffic
rules
What was the effective beginning of privatized space flight? - Answer Final flight of
the U.S. space shuttle.
What does a GA Reliever airport do? - Answer Relieves a Commercial airport from
GA traffic.
What is the enplanement threshold for commercial service? - Answer 2,
Large hubs have what percentage of U.S. enplanements? - Answer 70% or more of
the enplanements
What are the cloud ceiling and visibility requirements for Visual Flight Rules? -
Answer Cloud ceiling: 1,000'
Visibility requirements: 3 miles
"1000 and 3"
What is the entity who is responsible for airport governance? - Answer The Airport
Sponsor.
What is the most common airport ownership type in the U.S.? - Answer
Municipalities (cities and counties)
What is 14 CFR Part 13 Investigation and Enforcement - Answer The informal
complaint system that is filed with the Airport District Office. FAA will investigate and
existing grants, terminate eligibility for future grants and passenger facility charges;
cease and desist orders; civil penalties; or judicial enforcement.
If airport is non-compliant, FAA may withhold new grants, withhold payment on
Deadline driven, including pleadings, investigations, and lawyers
efforts to resolve informally (Part 13 will work).
Prior to a Part 16 complaint, a person must have initiated and engaged in good faith
includes all obligations in the Grant Assurances and property deeds.
finding regarding the compliance status of an airport.
comply.
offer to help resolve. If the sponsor is in violation, the FAA provides the opportunity
Who sets standards for security access control systems? - Answer The Radio
Technical Commission on Aeronautics
How many days are required for the Notice of Proposed Rule-Making? - Answer 30
days
What is the directive to FAA personnel on specific subjects and programs? - Answer
The FAA Order
What is the method the FAA has found to be the best to extend federal policy to local
government units? - Answer Grant Assurances
to
A Notice of Noncompliance may be issued if the FAA believes the airport is
noncompliant. The letter will identify the apparent violation(s), specifies corrective
action(s), and gives a deadline.
What is 14 CFR Part 16 Rules of Practice for Federally-Assisted Airport Enforcement
Proceedings - Answer The formal complaint system that is filed in Washington DC. It
involves financial compliance and reasonable and nondiscriminatory access, but
Formal agency
What does the Tucker Act do? - Answer Waives immunity over claims arising out of
contracts with the federal government.
What agency has the power to make safety related regulations after an aircraft
accident? - Answer The FAA
Who produces standards and recommended practices for aviation worldwide? -
Answer The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
What professional industry trade organization represents GA pilots of small aircraft?
regulating airfares
investigations, economic regulation of the airlines, approving air routes, and
Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) ensured safety rules, conducting aircraft accident
What was the Development of Landing Areas for National Defence (DLAND)
appropriation? - Answer Secretary of War and Commerce & Secretary of the Navy
could acquire land for airport development needed for the war effort.
What was the Air Mail Act of 1925, also known as the Kelly Act, and what did it do? -
Answer Authorized the Postmaster General to contract for domestic airmail service
with commercial air carriers
Only those who use aviation would pay for it
Who began the first U.S. air freight service (between Detroit and Chicago)? - Answer
Henry Ford
Who carried out most of the commercial related aviation activities before the Air Mail
Act? - Answer The US Army carried mail for the post office
What is a Fixed Based Operator? - Answer FBOs were originally fuel and rest stops
for pilots. The buildings were then turned into terminals as aviation grew.
What is the American Association of Airport Executives (AAAE)? - Answer
Established in 1928.
First airport management trade organization.
Consisted of 10 airport directors attending the National Air Races at mines Field
(now LAX).
Adopted first professional accreditation standards in 1954.
Provides lobbying, regulatory services, training, accreditation, and other professional
development programs.
What was the Aeronautics Branch was reorganized and restructured into? - Answer
Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA) under the Dept of Commerce
What did the Civil Aeronautics Admin (CAA) split into, and what were the duties of
each branch? - Answer CAA maintained Air Traffic Control, Pilot and aircraft
certification, Safety enforcement, and
Airway development
986 airports built in the US.
Post war, 500 airports were declared surplus and handed over to public cities and
counties for civil use.
Airport sponsor had to promise to make the airport available for public use without
discrimination, and to allow the the government to use in the event of a national
emergency.
What did the Federal Air to Airports Program (FAAP) in 1946 do? - Answer Provided
grant funds for certain projects, mostly RW and TW development.
Airport had be in the National airport Plan (NAP)
Airports held to previous promises to allow the public to use the airport without
discrimination.
Federal Aviation Act of 1958 - Answer Air Commerce Act was repealed, and the
Federal Aviation Agency (FAA) was created.
The FAA was directed take over rule-making from the CAB, and was responsible for
developing a common civil-military system of air navigation and air traffic control
When was the FAA moved and renamed to the Federal Aviation Administration? -
Answer Federal Aviation Agency renamed to Federal Aviation Administration in
1966, and put under the newly created Dept of Transportation.
Airport and Airway Development Act of 1970 - Answer Created the Airport
Development Aid Program (ADAP) and the Planning Grant Program (PGP),
expanded the list of eligible projects, created the Part 139 Certification of Airports,
created the Aviation Trust Fund.
What was the Aviation Trust Fund? - Answer Created under the Airport and Airway
Development Act of 1970 so that only those who use aviation would pay for aviation,
it collected a passenger seat tax, a cargo waybill tax, a fuel tax, and an aircraft
registration fee.
Airport and Airway Improvement Act of 1982 - Answer Created the Airport
Improvement Program where 75 - 90% of a project is covered by federal money.
Reorganized the National Airport Plan as the National Plan of Integrated Airport
How many enplanements are needed to be a Primary commercial service airport? -
Answer Over 10,
What are the 5 types of airports in the US? - Answer Private - no federal funds
Commercial service
Cargo service
General Aviation and General Aviation Reliever
Military
What are the four types of GA Airports? - Answer National (very high levels of
activity, approx 200 based aircraft)
Regional (high levels of activity, approx 90 based aircraft)
Local (moderate levels of activity, approx 33 based aircraft) - "backbone" of GA Basic
(low levels of activity, approx 10 based aircraft)
What are the three types of military airports? - Answer Pure military - entirely owned
by DOD, and is not regulated by the FAA or TSA.
Joint-Use - owned by DOD, both military and civilian aircraft share the airfield, but
space is leased for the commercial service airport.
Shared-Use - US government owned airport that is co-located with a civil airport, and
they share portions of the runways and taxiways.
14 CFR Part 91 General Aviation - Answer Private flight or general aviation
14 CFR Part 119 - Answer Requirements for flying for hire
14 CFR Part 121 Operating Requirements: Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental
Operations - Answer Scheduled air carriers
Can only fly into Part 139 airports
14 CFR Part 135 Operating Requirements: Commuter and On Demand Operations -
Answer Air charter or air taxi, certain commuter operations
14 CFR Part 125, Certification and Operations - Answer Airplanes having a seating
capacity of 20+ or a max payload capacity of 6,000 lbs or more
14 CFR Part 380, Public Charters - Answer One-way or round-trip flight performed
by one or more direct air carriers and sponsored by a charter operator.
Does not have to meet Part 121 standards.
Pilot requirements before a flight - Answer 1. Check the Airport Facility Directory
(aka Chart Supplement)
- Check NOTAMS
- Check weather at departure, en route, and forecasted arrival (plus alternate
airports in some cases)
- Flight planning including weights & balances and aircraft performance
Part 121 operators and major corporate operators have Flight Dispatchers to "do the
math" on the
flights
Pilot in command has the final say on if the flight goes or not (power of the parking
break)
Where is Class A airspace? - Answer Between 18,000 and 60,000 feet
Requires Instrument Flight Rules (IFR)
Air Traffic Control separation
Flight plan is required
No VFR allowed
What are Visual Flight Rules (VFR)? - Answer See and avoid
Flight plan may not be required
Lower than 18,000 feet
Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC) - 1000 feet ceiling and 3 miles visibility
What are instrument departure procedures? - Answer Used to transition aircraft out
of terminal area airspace. Allow the pilot to follow a defined flight path to intercept an
en route flight path.
What are instrument landing approach charts? - Answer AKA approach plates. Used
by pilots to provide guidance down to the runway or air traffic control pattern.
What is Standard Terminal Arrival Route (STAR)? - Answer Procedures used to move
aircraft into terminal airspace for transition to landing; STARs are used to simplify
communication and understanding during approaches and allows air traffic control to
bring aircraft in through arrival gates.
What are the three types of runway approaches? - Answer 1. Visual - approved when
the ceiling is 1,000' or greater, and the visibility is 3 statute miles or greater
- Non-precision - uses one or more NAVAIDs that provide lateral positioning
- Precision - uses NAVAIDs that provide lateral and vertical positioning
municipal manager/ad
- May report directly to the sponsor, a division or department head, or a
operating the airport.
What are the responsibilities of the Airport Executive? - Answer 1. Charged with
Airport Privatization Program - Answer Transfers the federal obligation, as well as the
responsibility for the operation, management, and development of an airport from a
public sponsor to a private sponsor.
ministrator
- Must understand and balance the dichotomous philosophies of being a public
entity and a business enterprise.
What is airport management's primary duty? - Answer The safe, secure, and efficient
operation of the airport and all of its facilities
What two positions report directly to the board? - Answer Auditor and legal counsel
14 CFR Part 77, Safe, efficient use and preservation of the navigable airspace -
Answer Obstructions
14 CFR Part 107, Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems - Answer UAVs
14 CFR Part 150, Airport Noise and Compatibility Planning - Answer Airport Noise
14 CFR Part 1542, Airport Security - Answer Airport Security
14 CFR Part 1544, Aircraft Operator Security - Answer Airline security regs
14 CFR Part 36, Noise Standards - Answer Plane noise
How many regional offices does the FAA have? - Answer 9
What are FAA's major roles? - Answer 1. regulating civil aviation to promote safety.
- Encouraging and developing civil aeronautics, including new technology.
- Developing and operating an air traffic control system and navigation for both
civil and military aircraft.
- Researching and developing the National Airspace System and civil
aeronautics. 5. Developing and carrying out programs to control aircraft noise and
other environmental effects of civil aviation.
- Regulating the US commercial space transportation.
What are the 4 lines of FAA business? - Answer 1. ARP: Office of Airports (Airport
District Office, AIP, Part 139, and Alternative Dispute Resolution)
- Operate the airport in the public interest
airport doesn't adhere to them.
Risk losing federal funds by being placed on the Airport Noncompliance list if the
Managed through the Airport Compliance Manual.
Good for 20 years, life (if property), or life of an asset.
- ATO: Air Traffic Organization (air traffic control and NAVAIDS)
- AVS: Aviation Safety (pilot and aircraft certification, Flight Standards District
Office)
- AST: Office of Commercial Space Transportation
What are Advisory Circulars? - Answer Explain intent of a federal regulation
Provide guidance and information on a subject
Show an acceptable method of competence
May be required if "incorporated by reference"
What is the Transportation Research Board's Airport Cooperative Research Program
(ACRP)? - Answer Peer reviewed research on airport management topics, including
safety, planning, and operations.
What is the National Safe Skies Alliance Program for Applied Research in Airport
Security (PARAS) - Answer Peer reviewed research on airport security topics
What does the Radio Technical Commission on Aeronautics regulate? - Answer
Standards for security access control systems
What two documents does the TSA put out? - Answer Security Directives - "have to",
provide direction to change security requirements
Information Circulars - "don't have to", provide best practices and other information
What are Grant Assurances? - Answer Promises the sponsor makes when it accepts
federal money.
Trace back to the AP- 4 agreements, the Surplus Property Act, commitments in
environmental documents, or litigation.
Effective means for the FAA to extend federal policy to local governmental units.
Balance three public interests: better manage local affairs, meet FAA requirements
that money is spent for public air transportation, and they promote social objectives
(eg DBE).
Grant Assurances essentially cover what? - Answer 1. Maintain the airport in good
and serviceable condition.
- Use specific lands for non-aero use to generate revenue to support aviation
needs.
dedicated to GA pilots and aircraft owners. Notable programs are Airport Watch and
Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA) - Answer Non-profit organization
on airline safety, security, and pilot assistance, representation, and advocacy
Regional Airline Association (RAA) - Answer Represents regional airlines and
supporting industries before Congress, DOT, FAA, and other federal agencies
National Business Aviation Association (NBAA) - Answer Represents companies
who rely on general aviation aircraft to help make their businesses more efficient,
productive, and successful; 11,000 members.
Airport Support Network.
National Air Transportation Association (NATA) - Answer Represents aviation
businesses such as FBOs, Specialized Aviation Service Operators (SASO), and
other provider
Aerospace Industries Association (AIA) - Answer Represents manufacturers and
suppliers of civil, military, and business aircraft, helicopters, unmanned aerial
systems, space systems, and aircraft engines, as well as provides security detection
technology at airports.
National Association of State Aviation Officials (NASAO) - Answer Represents
employees of state government aviation agencies.
National Air Traffic Controllers Association (NATCA) - Answer Represents over
20,000 controllers, engineers, and other safety-related professionals at FAA, DOD,
and some privately-contracted air traffic control facilities
Helicpoter Association International (HAI) - Answer Provides support and advocacy
to helicopter operators
Airport operators must remember what two concepts? - Answer They are running a
public entity that is also a business entity (that is heavily regulated by the FAA, TSA,
and EPA)
What are the two types of airport land? - Answer On-airport and off-airport
What are the two types of on-airport land? - Answer Aeronautical and non-
aeronautical. The FAA must give permission to reclassify aero land as non-aero.
Grant Assurance #20, Hazard Removal and Mitigation - Answer Requires the airport
Residential development around airports - Answer 1. FAA strongly opposes
- FAA will not release land if it's for residential development
- FAA will not release land for through-the-fence agreements
- Develop or allow concurrent land use (eg agriculture in RPZ)
- Educate zoning and planning entities
- Noise compatibility studies
structur
- Not all residential is created equal (single
to protect the airspace around the airport, including approach paths
The airport must attempt to reduce or eliminate incompatible land through what
methods? - Answer 1. Airport Master Plans - integration with local zoning and
community plans
- Adopt ordinances restricting incompatible land development and limit the height of
es
family - good for safety, bad for noise;
multi-family - good for noise, bad for safety)
Consequences of incompatible land use - Answer May be:
- Displaced thresholds
- Increased risk of aircraft accidents
- lost instrument approaches
- airport closure
Most airport conflicts are in what group? - Answer Non-aeronautical use of the
airport
Grant Assurance #19, Operations and Maintenance - Answer Requires the airport to
be operated at all times in a SAFE and SERVICEABLE condition
What are minimum standards - Answer Regulating activities on the airport; they must
be applied uniformly, not be unjustly discriminatory, and reasonably protect aviation
businesses from unreasonable competition.
The minimum requirements an AERO business must meet to help ensure an
adequate level of safe and effective service.
Protects airport from unlicensed products or services.
Prevents disputes between providers and complainants.
Do not devalue lease
- Payment in Lie of Taxes (PILOTS) that exceed the value of the services
- Payments to compensate municipalities for lost tax revenues
- Loans or investments of airport money at less than the prevailing interest rate
Use of land for free or nominal rents for aero purposes (some exceptions are
allowed)
- Marketing and promotional activities not related to the airport.
for the municipality, or using fees or airport land/resources to benefit the community
What are 8 ways of diverting revenue? - Answer 1. General economic development
- Costs incurred by governments for services to the
- Certain mass transit projects located on airport property
- Support of community activities that promote or are rela
- Rent of land for non-aero purposes at less than fair market va
Grant Assurance #25, Airport Revenues - Answer Restricts the use of airport revenue
generated by the airport and local taxes on aviation fuel, to be expended for capital
or operating costs of the airport, local airport system, or other facilities owned or
operated by the airport sponsor which directly and substantially relate to the actual
air transportation of passengers or the property or noise mitigation efforts.
pumped at the airport, including self-fueling operations
Land Lease and Terminal Rent Agreements for Aeronautical Use Space - Answer
Hangar and terminal space leasing and leasing land for aero development (eg ticket
counter, baggage claim areas)
Non-aeronautical revenue sources - Answer Terminal rents to concessions, rental
car fees, parking lot charges, advertising space, industrial park
2 ways a community benefits from having an airport? - Answer 1. Economic benefits
from new money that comes into the community via air.
- Job creation (and hence more taxable income)
lue
- The direct subsidy of air carriers (certain exceptions allowed)
What are 8 allowable uses of airport revenue? - Answer 1. Capital and operating
costs
- Promotional expenditures related to air travel
- Cooperative airline-airport marketing expenses
- Reimbursements to sponsors for capital or operating costs
ted to the airport
airport (eg fire, police)
- Lobbying and attorney fees that support the airport
Grant Assurance #26, Reports and Inspections - Answer Requires sponsors to
annually report their budget
military (National Guard)
Grant Assurance #24, Fee and Rental Structure - Answer Requires the sponsor to
set fees, lease rates, and other charges so that the airport is as self-sustaining as
possible. Airports may NOT set rents, fees, etc based on the cost of airport property
improvements or noise mitigation programs that were paid for with federal funds
Who must submit Form 5100-126, Financial Government Payment Report, and Form
5100 - 127, Operating and Financial Summary. - Answer Commercial service airports
enplaning 2,500 or more passengers
Self Sustainability on airports - Answer Required by the Airport and Airway
Improvement Act of 1982
To maintain the utility of federal investment in the airport, and relates to the principle
that those not using aviation shouldn't have to pay for it
Aeronautical rates - Answer Charges for the use of movement areas and associated
costs (eg snow removal) must be at least a level to cover the cost of providing such
facilities (fair and reasonable)
Non-aeronautical rates - Answer Charges for non-movement area must be based on
fair market value. Exceptions include property for community purposes if no longer
needed by airport, non-profit (Civil Air Patrol, aviation educational programs), transit
projects accessing airport, private transit systems where service is extremely limited,
FAA's Rates and Charges Policy - Answer Provides guidance on setting of fess to
ensure they are fair, reasonable, and not unjustly discriminatory.
FAA relies on the sponsor to oversee compliance, charges must attempt to make the
airport as self-sustaining as possible, can only expend money on allowable
purposes, charges must not discriminate against foreign carriers
What are the 4 types of rate setting at airports? - Answer 1. Residual - the airline(s)
cover the additional expenses of the airport
- Compensatory - sponsor assumes all liability for airport costs, and retains al
revenue
- Hybrid - combo of Residual and Compensatory that can result in the airlines
sharing in airport revenue
- Public subsidy - local government agency offsets the difference between the
revenue and expenses by subsidizing the airport's operation
What is a rate base? - Answer The total of all costs associated with providing airfield
construction, landscaping, surface transportation surveys, or hangars or fuel farms at
primary airports
What category has the highest priority for AIP funding? - Answer Safety and security
What type of bonds require voter approval and are closely linked with state and
municipalities? - Answer General Obligation (GO) bonds
Federal procurement requirements are required for what type of processes? -
Answer AIP money
TSA grants
Other Transaction Agreements (OTAs)
FAA prefers what type of contract? - Answer Fixed rate (because it's easier to audit).
Will do a Time and Materials contract with an exception.
Value Engineering (VE) - Answer Promotes the substitution of materials and methods
with less expensive alternatives that do not compromise functionality
Construction contracts require performance and payment bonds equaling %
of the contract - Answer 100%
Federally funded projects exceeding must be publically advertised for at
least days. - Answer $100,
Contracts go to whom under the sealed bid method? - Answer Lowest responsive
and responsible bidder
Request for Proposal (RFP) process is not limited to the lowest price, but instead
considers what factors? - Answer Approach, qualifications, experience, and
personnel
Construction manager-at-risk proposals - Answer Contractor retained to provide
advice to the airport during the design phase
Design-build - Answer One entity works for a single contract to provide design and
construction
Task-order - Answer Permits stocks of specific items to be maintained at minimum
levels, and allows direct shipments to the users
Professional Services contract - Answer Typically used for program management,
construction management, planning studies, feasibility studies, architectural or
engineering services, surveying, and/or mapping
Single source or non-competitive contract - Answer Usually only approved when the
item or service is only available from one source
Disadvantaged Business Enterprises (DBEs) - Answer Small businesses that have
socially or economically disadvantaged individuals who own at least 51% interest,
and control management and daily operations.
Personal net worth can't exceed $1.32 million.
States and some primary airports certify the eligibility by establishing goals for the
DBE or the Airport Concessions DBE.
Primary airports that accept federal funds must have an airport concessions DBE
program.
Airports are required to have a DBE program if they anticipate more than $250,
in prime contracts using federal funds.
3 - year goal (percentage) for prime contracts.
What is a primary airport? - Answer More than 10,000 enplanements annually
What are the 4 components for airport IT? - Answer Compatibility & Integration -
does it all work together
Security & Safety - does the old stuff continue to work until the new stuff works
Scalability - can we add to, update, or upgrade later?
Usability - can the users actually use it
Geographical Information Systems (GIS) - Answer Links geographical information
with descriptive information
Presents many layers of data, model patterns, reveal relationships, and analyse
trends
Key component for eALPs
