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American Association of Critical-Care
Nurses AACN
AACN Adult-Gerontology Acute Care Nurse
Practitioners ACNP-AG
AACN Certification ACNPC-AG Exam
Course Title and Number: AACN Certification ACNPC-AG Exam Exam Title: ACNPC-AG Exam Date: Exam 2025- 2026 Instructor: ____ [Insert Instructor’s Name] _______ Student Name: ___ [Insert Student’s Name] _____ Student ID: ____ [Insert Student ID] _____________
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AACN Critical Care Nursing Certification Exam AACN
American Association of Critical-Care Nurses Review
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AACN Certification Corporation's ACNPC-AG Exam
Adult-Gerontology Acute Care Nurse Practitioners
ACNP-AG - AACN
American Association of Critical-Care Nurses
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- Cellular respiration cannot be directly measured but is estimated by the amount of: CO2 produced (V CO2) and the amount of O2 consumed (V O2).
- VCO2: CO2 produced in celluar respiration
- VO2: and the amount of O2 consumed in cellular respiration
- external respiration: The Exchange of O2 and CO2 at the alveolar-capillary level. Need Writing 📱Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍️ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed📱 Click Here To <> Follow Link
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- Secondary Lobules: Independent respiratory units of lung each bronchopulmonary segment is supplied independently by: a (tertiary) segmental bronchus a tertiary branch of pulmonary artery - carry low oxygen ("venous") blood to lungs for oxygenation a branch of bronchial artery
- What does a a tertiary branch of pulmonary artery do for secondary lobules?: - carries low oxygen ("venous") blood to lungs for oxygenation
- Smallest gross anatomic units of lung tissue; contain the primary function- al units of the lung: Lobule:
- Lobule (the smallest gross anatomic units of lung tissue) consists of: 1. terminal bronchioles
- alveolar ducts and sacs
- pulmonary circulation
- Lymphatics surround the lobule keep the lung free of excess fluid and: - carry macrophages to remove inhaled particles from distal areas of the lung.
- Systemic source of circulation for the tracheobronchial tree and lung tissue down to the level of the terminal bronchiole.: Bronchial artery circulation Need Writing 📱Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍️ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed📱
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- Alveoli receive their blood supply directly from the: pulmonary circulation.
- Conducting airways:: Airways are a series of rapidly branching tubes of ever-diminishing diameter that eventually terminate in the alveoli.
- anatomic dead space.: The entire area from the nose to the terminal bronchi- oles where gas flows, but is not exchanged, is called Approx 150 mL but varies with patient size and position.
- Nose: a) Serves as a passageway for air movement into the lungs b) Preconditions air by the mucosal cells and turbinate bones
- Warms air to within 2° to 3° F of the body's temperature; humidifies it to full saturation before it reaches the lower trachea
- Filters by trapping particles larger than 6 μm in diameter
- Separation of food from air is controlled by: a) local nerve reflexes b) Opening of eustachian tube regulates middle ear pressure c) Lymphatic tissues control infection
- Larynx: a) Vocal cords: Speech function: Complex structure consisting of incomplete rings of cartilage and numerous muscles and ligaments
- Contraction of muscles of the larynx causes the vocal cords to change shape.
- Vibration of the vocal cords produces sound. Speech is a joint function of the vocal cords, lips, tongue, soft palate, and respiration with control by temporal and parietal lobes of the cerebral cortex. Need Writing 📱Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍️ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed📱
lia toward the 📱Hit Me UP__ Inbox Open 24/7 – 365 …...!!!! 📱 Chat with us here : 📱 Hybridgrades101@gmail.com b) Ciliated mucosal cells become flattened with progressive loss of ci alveoli c) Sensitive to CO2 levels: Increased levels induce bronchiolar dilation, decreased levels induce constriction
- In the terminal bronchioles, increased CO2 level: induce bronchiolar dilation
- In the terminal bronchioles, decreased CO2 levels: induce constriction
- a) Most important structures in gas exchange: Alveoli and alveolar bud
- Alveolar surface area is large and depends on body size.: Total surface area is about 75 to 80 m2 in a normal adult. Thickness of the respiratory membrane is about 0.6 μm. The large surface area distributes a large quantity of perfused blood into a very thin film to ensure near equalization of O2 and CO2.
- Alveolar cells - Type I:: 1) Squamous epithelium, adapted for gas exchange, sensitive to injury by inhaled agents, structured to prevent fluid transudation into the alveoli
- Alveolar cells - Type II:: Large secretory, highly active metabolically; origin of surfactant synthesis and type I cell genesis
- Alveolar macrophages:: Phagocytize foreign materials
- A Phospholipid monolayer at the alveolar air-liquid interface; able to vary surface tension with alveolar volume: Pulmonary surfactant Need Writing 📱Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍️ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed📱
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- Pulmonary Surfactant Enables surface tension to decrease as: alveolar volume decreases during expiration, which prevents alveolar collapse
- Decreases the work of breathing, permits the alveoli to remain inflated at low distending pressures, reduces net forces causing tissue fluid accumula- tion: Pulmonary Surfactant
- Reduction in surfactant production makes: lung expansion more difficult; the greater the surface tension, the greater the pressure needed to overcome it
- Detoxifies inhaled gases and traps inhaled and deposited particles: Surfac- tant
- Alveolar-capillary membrane: 1. alveolar epithelium
- interstitial space
- capillary endothelium
- Gas exchange pathway:: Alveolar epithelium ’ alveolar basement m interstitial space ’ capillary basement membrane ’ capillary endothelium ’ erythrocyte membrane ’ erythrocyte cytoplasm
- Alveolar ventilation (VA): That part of total ventilation taking part in gas exchange and, therefore, the only part useful to the body: (a) Alveolar ventilation is one component of minute ventilation
- Minute ventilation (VE):: Amount of air exhaled in 1 minute.
- Equal to exhaled tidal volume (VT) multiplied by respiratory rate (RR or f).: Minute Ventilation (VE)
- Normal resting minute ventilation in an adult is about: 6 L/min:
- VT: Exhaled Tidal Volume Need Writing 📱Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍️ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed📱
📱Hit Me UP__ Inbox Open 24/7 – 365 …...!!!! 📱 Chat with us here : 📱 Hybridgrades101@gmail.com where 0.863 = correction factor for differences in measurement units and conversion to standard temperature [0° C] and pressure [760 torr], dry (STPD). (c) Since V CO2 remains the same in a steady state, measurement of the patient's PaCO2 reveals the status of the alveolar ventilation. Need Writing 📱Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍️ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed📱
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- To assess ventilation, PaCO2 must be measured.: PaCO2 is the only ade- quate indicator of effective matching of alveolar ventilation to metabolic demand.
- If PaCO2 is low, alveolar ventilation is high;: hyperventilation is present Need Writing 📱Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍️ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed📱
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- often leads to ventilator dependency.: Injury at or above C3 to C5 level Need Writing 📱Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍️ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed📱
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