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ADVANCED APPAREL MANUFACTURING
MANAGEMENT
Mid-Term Assignment
Optimizing book issuing process using CPM/PERT
Department of fashion technology (Apparel production) National Institute of Fashion Technology Gandhinagar, 2020- Under the guidance of: Submitted by: Prof. Ettishri Rajput Ananya Mishra (BFT/20/209) Faculty - AAMM
Table of Contents:
- Abstract...................................................................................................................................
- Objective:................................................................................................................................
- Introduction:...........................................................................................................................
- Methodology:..........................................................................................................................
- List of Activities-....................................................................................................................
- Average time calculation.......................................................................................................
- CPM AND PERT ANALYSIS...................................................................................................
- Forward and Backward Pass.............................................................................................
- CPM (Critical Path)...........................................................................................................
- References..............................................................................................................................
Operational research tools such as the Critical Path Method (CPM) and the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) offer systematic approaches for analyzing and improving complex processes. In the context of institute libraries, these tools can be invaluable for identifying bottlenecks, streamlining workflows, and enhancing user experiences during the book issuance process. (Bagshaw, 2021) This study aims to delve into the intricacies of the book issuance process within the institute library and apply CPM and PERT methodologies to analyze its various components. By doing so, we intend to pinpoint critical activities, estimate time and resource requirements, and provide recommendations for optimizing the process.
Methodology:
- Process Mapping: The first step in optimizing the book issuing process is to create a comprehensive process map that outlines all the activities involved, from the initial request by students to the final issuance of books. This step involves collaboration with library staff to ensure a detailed and accurate representation of the current process.
- Data Collection: Collect data and performance metrics related to the book issuing process, including the duration of each activity, resource utilization, and any variations or delays. This data will serve as the foundation for subsequent analysis.
- Critical Path Method (CPM): ● Activity Identification: Identify all activities within the book issuing process and their dependencies. ● Estimation of Activity Durations: Estimate the time required for each activity based on historical data and expert input. ● Critical Path Analysis: Utilize CPM techniques to identify the critical path—the sequence of activities that, if delayed, could impact the overall process duration. This analysis helps pinpoint areas where time-saving measures are most needed.
- Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT): ● Three-Point Estimation: For activities with uncertain durations, apply three-point estimation (optimistic, most likely, pessimistic) to calculate expected durations and variances. ● PERT Analysis: Calculate expected durations for all activities based on three-point estimates and variances to identify activities with the highest uncertainty and potential risks.
- Bottleneck Identification: Analyze the process map and CPM/PERT results to identify bottlenecks, areas of resource contention, and activities with the longest durations. These areas will be the primary focus for optimization efforts.
- Optimization Recommendations: Based on the findings from CPM and PERT analyses and bottleneck identification, formulate optimization recommendations. These may include process redesign, resource reallocation, technology integration (e.g., self-checkout systems), and workflow streamlining.
List of Activities-
Fiesta, comprehensive list of activities that right from going to the library desk to issuing a book were identified. By asking the main desk-
- Go to the library main desk
- Ask for the book needed
- Note down class number and book number
- Go to the related rack
- Search for the book
- Bring it to the main desk
- Give ID card
- ID card barcode is scanned
- Book barcode is scanned
- Book is issued By scanning-
- Go to the library main desk
- Scan e-granthalaya QR code
- Type keywords to search for books and other materials
- Select the book needed
- Click view holdings to find the location of the books
- Note down class number and book number
- Go to the related rack
- Search for the book
- Bring it to the main desk
- Give ID card
- ID card barcode is scanned
- Book barcode is scanned
- Book is issued
Forward and Backward Pass
CPM (Critical Path)
This are the paths formed:
- A+B+D+E+F+G+H+I+J+K+L+M+N= 1.91+20.57+23.98+15.41+5.73+18.46+28.47+196.30+13.98+10.52+8.88+8.30+6.40= 358.91 seconds (Critical Path)
- A+C+G+H+I+J+K+L+M+N= 1.91+21.07+18.46+28.47+196.30+13.98+10.52+8.88+8.30+6.40=314.29 seconds Most time taking (bottleneck) activity: J/9= Searching for the book Time taken= 196.30 seconds How can this bottleneck activity be optimized? Reduce Activity Durations: For activities on the critical path or those with high variability identified through PERT analysis, consider strategies to reduce their durations. This may involve training staff, optimizing workflows, or investing in technology solutions. This can also be done by the implementation of infographics and information sheets with the type of books available on a shelf.
References
Bagshaw, K. B. (2021, July). PERT and CPM in Project Management with Practical Examples. American Journal of Operations Research , 11 (4), 215-226. Scientific Research. 10.4236/ajor.2021. Yuniarti, E., & Djonaedi, E. (2022). Optimizing Production Time in Book Printing using PERT/CPM. 102-107.
