Download A&P 1 Cumulative Final Questions and answers and more Exams Anatomy in PDF only on Docsity!
A vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts. CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Coronal/Frontal plane Relating to a plane cutting a structure into a superior and inferior portion. CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Transverse plane Vertical plane cutting the body or body part into an even left and right half. CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Midsagittal Plane Relating to a plane cutting the body into a left and a right portion. CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Sagittal Plane Slanted, at an angle CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Oblique Toward the midline. CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Medial Away from the midline. CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Lateral Closer to the feet. CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Inferior Closer to the head CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Superior In front of; toward the front surface. CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Anterior In back of; toward the back surface. CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Posterior
At the back side of the human body. CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Dorsal At the belly side of the human body. CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Ventral Closer to point of attachment to trunk. CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Proximal Farther away from point if attachment to trunk. CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Distal What region includes the head, neck, and trunk? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Axial Region What region is composed of the upper and lower limbs? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Appendicular Region The resulting action will always be in the opposite direction of the stimulus. The variable is maintained within a normal level. (Example: Temperature Regulation) CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Negative Feedback The stimulus is reinforced to continue in the same direction until a climactic event occurs. After this event, the body returns to homeostasis. (Example: Breast Feeding) CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Positive Feedback Components of the Homeostatic System CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Stimulus, Receptor, Control Center, Effector
Where is energy stored in ATP? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ In the bonds between the phosphates How is energy released from ATP? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ When a phosphate group is removed Move meant of water in or out of a cell by Osmosis CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Does not use ATP; passive movement of water through a membrane Does not use ATP; concentration from high to low CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Facilitated Diffusion Just goes by itself; no need for channel or protein carrier CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Simple Diffusion Cell drinking; when the cell takes in fluid CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Pinocytosis Cell eating; when a cell starts taking in a particle CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Phagocytosis High concentration outside the cell; high solute inside the cell CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Hypertonic Lower concentration inside cell; low solutes and high water inside the cell CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Hypotonic Equal solute and water CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Isotonic
What is denaturation? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ We destroy or change the structure of a protein (Cooking an egg) What happens to a protein when it denatures? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Active sites of an enzyme undergoes change What are the 4 major types of tissues? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Nervous, Muscle, Epithelial, Connective -Able to conduct electrical impulse
- Found in brain CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Nervous Tissue
- Tightly packed cells arranged in sheets -Responsible for releasing secretions form glands -Found in glands, skin, lining of blood vessels, and respiratory tract CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Epithelial Tissue
- Able to conduct electrical impulses
- Arranged in bundles
- Contains contractile proteins
- Found attached to bone CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Muscle Tissue
- Has a large amount of matrix between cells
- Only a few scattered cells
Stratum Corneum CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Dead cells; most superficial layer Stratum Lucidum CORRECT ANSWERS✅ only found in thick skin of the palms and sole of feet Stratum Granulosum CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Where keratinization process starts Stratum Spinosum CORRECT ANSWERS✅ spiny appearance; keratinocytes are non- dividing Stratum Basale CORRECT ANSWERS✅ cells undergo mitosis; actively dividing
- Prevents fluid loss from the body
- Thermoregulation; sweat glands
- Resist abrasion
- Protects us from UV radiation
- Initiates Vitamin D (calcitriol) formation
- Immune function (Langerhan cells)
- Sensory receptors CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Functions of the Integument
- Located in stratum basale
- Makes keratin
- Mitosis; can regenerate CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Keratinocytes
- Located in stratum basal
- Produce and store melanin pigment CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Melanocytes
- Located in stratum basal
- Have receptors for touch CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Tactile cells
- Located in stratum spinosum
- Phagocytic immune cells
- Protects against pathogens
- Also known as Langerhan cells CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Dendritic cells Tendons are... CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Muscle to bone Ligaments are... CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Bone to bone
- Remnant of epiphyseal plate
- Means that the bone had reached its adult length CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Epiphyseal Line A region between the diaphysis and epiphysis CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Epiphyseal Plate -Process where bone matrix is destroyed by a substance (enzymes) realeased by osteoclasts
What are the three types of muscle tissue? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth What is a motor unit? CORRECT ANSWERS✅ One neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates Voltage gated sodium channels are opening and sodium goes in making the inside positive. CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Depolarization Voltage gated potassium channels are opening and potassium goes out and the inside goes from positive back to negative. CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Repolarization When voltage gated potassium channels remain open too long and the inside of the cell becomes more negative than the threshold; can also happen when chloride ions enter the cell. CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Hyperpolarization
- Binding of neurotransmitter
- Generation of EPSP and IPSP
- Summation
- Axon hillock
- Action Potential
- Down axon
- Synaptic vesicles will merge
- Back to the beginning CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Sequence of physiologic events that occur in a neuron
Four types of glial cells in the CNS CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Astrocytes, Ependymal, Microglia, Oligodendrocytes Two types of glial cells in the PNS CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Satellite cells and Neurolemmocytes Responsible for alertness, consciousness, and staying awake CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Reticular formation General functions of Frontal Lobe CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Voluntary motor functions, communication, decision making General functions of Parietal Lobe CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Touch General functions of Temporal Lobe CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Hearing and smell General functions of Occipital Lobe CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Vision
- Control of emotional behavior
- Master control of endocrine system
- Regulation of body temperature
- Controls food and water intake
- Regulates sleep/wake cycle CORRECT ANSWERS✅ Functions of the Hypothalamus
