Download A&P 1 Final Exam, Straighterline Anatomy and Physiology 1, Straighterline A&P 1 Cumulative and more Exams Animal Anatomy and Physiology in PDF only on Docsity!
A&P 1 Final Exam, Straighterline Anatomy and Physiology 1,
Straighterline A&P 1 Cumulative Final Exam with Questions and
Answers
What is the smallest level of organization in the body that contains the body's genetic information? Select one: a. chemical b. cellular c. tissue d. organism - ANSWER>>B. Cellular The cellular level includes the nucleus, an organelle that contains the body's genetic information. Which is an example of a normally occurring positive-feedback mechanism? Select one: a. elevated blood pressure during exercise b. increase in heart rate after blood loss c. decrease in blood pressure after blood loss d. stretching of the uterus near the end of pregnancy - ANSWER>>d. stretching of the uterus near the end of pregnancy Which of the following processes generates the most ATP within a human cell? Select one: a. glycolysis b. lactic acid fermentation c. oxidative phosphorylation d. citric acid cycle - ANSWER>>c. oxidative phosphorylation During DNA replication, how does each template strand eventually become two identical DNA molecules? Select one: a. The two strands form continuously, catalyzed by DNA polymerase. b. The two strands form continuously, catalyzed by DNA ligase. c. One strand forms continuously, the other forms in short segments spliced by DNA polymerase. d. One strand forms continuously, the other forms in short segments spliced by DNA ligase. - ANSWER>>d. One strand forms continuously, the other forms in short segments spliced by DNA ligase. Which is the most superficial layer of skin that is composed primarily of living cells? Select one: a. stratum corneum
b. stratum lucidum c. stratum basale d. stratum spinosum - ANSWER>>d. stratum spinosum Which of the following is the definition of a third degree burn? Select one: a. a burn that covers at least 25% of the skin b. a burn that has destroyed the dermis and epidermis c. a burn that can only be caused by fire d. a burn that does not leave scars - ANSWER>>b. a burn that has destroyed the dermis and epidermis Which of the following types of openings in the skeletal system does a "sinus" describe? Select one: a. cavity b. cleft c. hole d. tunnel - ANSWER>>a. cavity Which of the following components of the bone matrix, when removed, allows the bone to be easily shattered? Select one: a. cartilage b. collagen c. hydroxyapatite d. mineral - ANSWER>>b. collagen Which of the following is the most widely distributed type of muscle in the body? Select one: a. cardiac b. postural c. skeletal d. smooth - ANSWER>>d. smooth Which sentence best describes the sliding filament model of muscle contraction? Select one: a. Actin and myosin filaments remain stationary. b. Actin and myosin myofilaments shorten. c. Sarcomeres and myofibrils contract. d. Sarcomeres and myofibrils lengthen. - ANSWER>>c. Sarcomeres and myofibrils contract. doctor performing an autopsy on a patient concludes that part of the brain was likely damaged by trauma due to a large population of which type of cell? Select one: a. Schwann cells
C. parathyroid glands. D. parafollicular cells. - ANSWER>>C. parathyroid glands. Which component of the autonomic nervous system is least active during resting conditions? A. parasympathetic division B. enteric nervous system C. sympathetic division D. sensory neurons - ANSWER>>C. sympathetic division Which of the following special senses experiences the least amount of decline as an individual ages? A. olfactory B. balance C. visual D. auditory - ANSWER>>A. olfactory The study of the external form of the body and its relationship to deeper structures is Select one: a. systemic anatomy. b. regional anatomy. c. molecular biology. d. microbiology. e. surface anatomy - ANSWER>>e. surface anatomy There are more microbial cells than human cells in your body and the health of this microbiota clearly influences human well-being. How many microbes are there?. Select one: a. For every cell in your body, there are ten microbial cells. b. For every cell in your body, there are one hundred microbial cells. c. For every cell in your body, there are one thousand microbial cells. d. For every cell in your body, there are ten thousand microbial cells. - ANSWER>>a. For every cell in your body, there are ten microbial cells. An anatomic image created from sound waves is a Select one: a. radiograph. b. CT scan. c. MRI. d. sonogram - ANSWER>>d. sonogram A major limitation of radiographs is that they Select one: a. can only visualize bone. b. give only a flat, two-dimensional image of the body.
c. are old technology that do not give good results. d. have very few applications. - ANSWER>>b. give only a flat, two-dimensional image of the body. A tissue is a Select one: a. structure contained within a cell. b. lower level of organization than a cell. c. group of organs that performs specific functions. d. group of cells with similar structure and function. e. structure that contains a group of organs. - ANSWER>>d. group of cells with similar structure and function. Visual inspection of the appearance of the liver and gallbladder during surgery is associated with which of the following? Select one: a. histology b. physiology c. gross anatomy d. radiology e. cytology - ANSWER>>c. gross anatomy An organ system is Select one: a. a small structure within a cell. b. a structure composed of several tissue types. c. the basic structural unit of all living organisms. d. a group of organs with a common set of functions. e. a group of cells with similar structure and function. - ANSWER>>d. a group of organs with a common set of functions. An organelle is Select one: a. a small structure within a cell. b. a structure composed of several tissue types. c. the basic structural unit of all living organisms. d. a group of organs with a common set of functions. e. a group of cells with similar structure and function. - ANSWER>>a. a small structure within a cell. A cell is Select one: a. a small structure within a molecule. b. a structure composed of several tissue types. c. the basic structural unit of living organisms.
Here is a figure showing major trunk cavities and other structures. What does "C" represent? Select one: a. diaphragm b. mediastinum c. pelvic cavity d. thoracic cavity e. abdominal cavity - ANSWER>> This is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. What serous membrane does "C" represent? Select one: a. visceral peritoneum (covers organs) b. mesentery c. parietal peritoneum (lines cavity) d. retroperitoneal organs e. peritoneal cavity - ANSWER>>a. visceral peritoneum (covers organs) "Cutting off your nose" would be a section in the plane. Select one: a. coronal b. nasal c. median d. transverse e. sagittal - ANSWER>>a. coronal Which of the following is not a function of the control center within a feedback mechanism? Select one: a. receives and processes information b. controls effectors c. establishes a set point d. detects a change in the value of a variable - ANSWER>>d. detects a change in the value of a variable Cephalic means Select one: a. toward the middle or midline of the body. b. away from the surface. c. closer to the head. d. closer than another structure to the point of attachment to the trunk. e. toward the back of the body. - ANSWER>>c. closer to the head.
The lumbar region is the Select one: a. area in front of the elbow. b. chest area. c. lower back. d. bottom of foot. e. forearm. - ANSWER>>c. lower back. The axillary region is the Select one: a. calf. b. armpit. c. hollow behind the knee. d. neck. e. thigh. - ANSWER>>b. armpit. Kinetic energy is Select one: a. the form of energy that actually does work. b. movement of ions or electrons. c. energy that flows between objects with different temperatures. d. stored energy that could do work but is not doing so. e. energy that moves in waves. - ANSWER>>a. the form of energy that actually does work. Molecules that form when electrons are shared unequally between atoms are called Select one: a. salt molecules. b. polar molecules. c. nonpolar molecules. d. lopsided molecules. e. None of these choices are correct. - ANSWER>>b. polar molecules. In an x-ray film of the skeletal system, the dense tissue areas appear because the x-rays. Select one: a. light, absorb; dark, do not absorb b. dark, absorb; light, do not absorb c. light, do not absorb; dark, aborb d. dark, do not absorb; light, do absorb - ANSWER>>a. light, absorb; dark, do not absorb they the x-rays; and the less dense tissues appear because they
b. enzymes. c. bases. d. inorganic compounds. e. electrolytes. - ANSWER>>e. electrolytes. A substance composed of two or more different types of atoms is a(n) Select one: a. compound. b. element. c. ion. d. molecule. e. compound and a molecule. - ANSWER>>e. compound and a molecule. Phospholipids are important components of the plasma membrane. What does "A" represent on the diagram? Select one: a. phosphorus b. oxygen c. nitrogen d. polar (hydrophilic) region e. nonpolar (hydrophobic) region - ANSWER>>d. polar (hydrophilic) region Solution A increases its acidity. This means that the Select one: a. solution is closer to neutrality. b. pH of the solution has increased. c. solution will now accept more protons. d. number of hydrogen ions has decreased. e. number of hydrogen ions has increased. - ANSWER>>e. number of hydrogen ions has increased. Which of the following would be classified as a lipid? Select one: a. cholesterol-a steroid b. alanine-an amino acid c. starch-a polysaccharide d. catalase-an enzyme e. sucrose-a disaccharide - ANSWER>>a. cholesterol-a steroid Which of the following lists includes only monosaccharides that are isomers of one another? Select one: a. glycogen, glucose, sucrose b. starch, glycogen, cellulose c. glucose, fructose, galactose
d. ribose, glycogen, glucose e. deoxyribose, glycogen, starch - ANSWER>>c. glucose, fructose, galactose Consider the following five terms. Which term does not belong with the other four terms? Select one: a. disaccharide b. sucrose c. lactose d. maltose e. glucose - ANSWER>>e. glucose Phospholipids are important components of the plasma membrane. What does "C" represent on the diagram? Select one: a. phosphorus b. oxygen c. nitrogen d. polar (hydrophilic) region e. nonpolar (hydrophobic) region - ANSWER>>c. nitrogen Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in the body? Select one: a. structural component of DNA b. protection c. bulk in feces d. energy e. structural component of RNA - ANSWER>>b. protection Normal pH for blood is 7.35 to 7.45. Maintenance of the pH in this range is Select one: a. critical because enzymes work best within narrow ranges of pH. b. not critical because extreme pH values do not affect enzyme function. c. called denaturation. d. not required. e. None of these choices is correct. - ANSWER>>a. critical because enzymes work best within narrow ranges of pH. A solution that contains one osmole of solute in one kilogram (kg) of water is called a Select one: a. 1% solution. b. 1 molar solution. c. 10% solution. d. 1 osmolal solution. e. None of these choices are correct. - ANSWER>>d. 1 osmolal solution.
a. membrane channel protein b. phospholipid bilayer c. internal membrane surface d. peripheral protein e. receptor protein - ANSWER>>c. internal membrane surface An organ system is - ANSWER>>a group of organs with a common set of functions An organelle is - ANSWER>>a small structure within a cell A cell is - ANSWER>>the basic structural unit of living organisms What technique creates a three-dimensional dynamic image of blood vessels? - ANSWER>>digital subtraction angiography The delivery of a radioactive compound to the body to study the metabolism of tissues is called - ANSWER>>PET A tissue is a - ANSWER>>group of cells with similar structure and function What branch of physiology would study the effects of sunbathing on the skin? - ANSWER>>organ physiology Microscopic examination of a frozen tissue specimen is an application of which of the following disciplines? - ANSWER>>histology There are more microbial cells than human cells in your body and the health of this microbiota clearly influences human well-being. How many microbes are there?. - ANSWER>>For every cell in your body, there are ten microbial cells The study of the body's organization by areas is - ANSWER>>regional anatomy Medial means - ANSWER>>toward the middle or midline of the body This is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. What structures does "E" represent? - ANSWER>>retroperitoneal organs Which of the following systems carries necessary compounds like oxygen and nutrients throughout the body? - ANSWER>>cardiovascular The thumb is to the fifth digit (little finger). - ANSWER>>lateral In reference to the body tempaerature in living organisms, the set point can be defined as the - ANSWER>>ideal normal value The sural region is the - ANSWER>>calf
The visceral pleura is - ANSWER>>the serous membrane that covers the lungs The cervical region is the - ANSWER>>neck Imagine the following scenario: Blood pressure decreases below normal levels.→ Blood flow to the heart decreases → Heart is unable to pump as much blood.→ Blood pressure decreases even more. This is an example of feedback. - ANSWER>>positive The popliteal region is the - ANSWER>>hollow behind the knee Cations and anions that dissociate in water are sometimes called - ANSWER>>electrolytes, because they can conduct an electrical current An atom has an atomic number of 19 and a mass number of 39. This atom will have - ANSWER>>20 neutrons A neutral atom contains - ANSWER>>the same number of electrons and protons Subatomic particles located around the nucleus of an atom are - ANSWER>>electrons Which of the following is not a use of X-ray imaging? - ANSWER>>brain tumor progression In an x-ray film of the skeletal system, the dense tissue areas appear because the x-rays. - ANSWER>>light, absorb; dark, do not absorb Sodium chloride is considered a(n) - ANSWER>>compound Which of the following factors will influence the rate of chemical reactions? - ANSWER>>All of these factors will influence the rate of chemical reactions The four most abundant elements in the human body are - ANSWER>>carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen The three forms of matter are: - ANSWER>>solids, liquids, and gases Eicosanoids - ANSWER>>play a role in the response of tissues to injuries The sodium chloride molecule breaks apart in water. What does "A" represent? - ANSWER>>salt crystal they the x-rays; and the less dense tissues appear because they
A cell's ability to replenish ATP is reduced by a metabolic poison. Which organelle is being affected? - ANSWER>>mitochondrion Red blood cells (RBCs) have been placed in three different solutions: hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic. What is solution "B" relative to the RBC? - ANSWER>>hypertonic solution Large molecules move across cell membrane with the help or assistance of protein carriers. This type of transport is generically called. - ANSWER>>mediated transport What is membrane potential? - ANSWER>>The electrical charge difference across the membrane caused by ion movement. Which mature cells do not have a nucleus? - ANSWER>>red blood cells The anticodon sequence GUA pairs with which of the following codons? - ANSWER>>CAU Chromatin condenses and nucleoli disappear during - ANSWER>>prophase In which part of the cell cycle do chromosomes align along the equator? - ANSWER>>metaphase Which of the following is NOT a type of cancer therapy? - ANSWER>>use of drugs to increase the blood supply to the tumor Which of the following is NOT associated with interphase? - ANSWER>>The cell does nothing but rest All triplets required to code for synthesis of a protein are a - ANSWER>>gene Transcription - ANSWER>>synthesizes DNA from RNA. The presence of a cellular clock, presence of "death genes" and damage to DNA or mitochondria are all theories of. - ANSWER>>aging A non-albino female who is a carrier for the albino allele (Aa), mates with an albino (aa) male. What is the probability that their children will be albino? - ANSWER>>50% The actual genetic constitution of an individual is its - ANSWER>>genotype A is a display of the chromosomes of a somatic cell during metaphase of mitosis. - ANSWER>>karyotype
chromosome number by 1/ A person's height, intelligence, eye color, and skin color are examples of - ANSWER>>polygenic traits Which of the following genotypes will result in a male? - ANSWER>>XY What term describes the inheritance of a trait which in the heterozygote has an intermediate expression between either allele? - ANSWER>>Incomplete dominance Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance? - ANSWER>>beta thalassemia What term means that both alleles are different? - ANSWER>>heterozygous A gene that is responsible for producing trypsin in the pancreas would be a gene. - ANSWER>>dominant Chromosomes that are NOT associated with sex determination are known as - ANSWER>>autosomes What genetic disorder is caused by having three chromosomes 21? - ANSWER>>Down syndrome What genetic disorder is a type of dwarfism characterized by shortening of the upper and lower limbs? - ANSWER>>achondroplasia Which of the following chromosome anomalies can be found in either sex? - ANSWER>>Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) A mutation involving a single nucleotide is a mutation. - ANSWER>>point A mistake during segregation of chromosomes is called - ANSWER>>nondisjunction What genetic disorder is the inability to produce normal hemoglobin? - ANSWER>>sickle-cell disease What genetic disorder is characterized by lack of skin, hair, eye coloration? - ANSWER>>albinism Down Syndrome is an example of an aneuploidy called - ANSWER>>trisomy 21 An infant born with a genetic defect that causes little or no brown fat to be formed will have - ANSWER>>difficulty regulating his body temperature The process of meiosis will as the gametes are produced - ANSWER >>cut the
If one of the functions of the capillaries is to supply body cells with oxygen and nutrients, you would expect the capillary walls to consist of - ANSWER>>simple squamous epithelium What type of muscle is found in the wall of the heart? - ANSWER>>cardiac muscle A tissue that has a fluid matrix is - ANSWER>>blood The central axis of the hair is the - ANSWER>>medulla This is the site of fat storage in the skin. - ANSWER>>hypodermis The proximal portion of the nail is the - ANSWER>>nail root The nail proper is composed of the - ANSWER>>stratum corneum When comparing the dermis with the hypodermis, the dermis - ANSWER>>is divided into two layers; the hypodermis is not. Melanin is found in which cells? - ANSWER>>Both melanocytes and keratinocytes This is the dermal layer closest to the epidermis. - ANSWER>>papillary layer Some drugs for treating acne include peroxides that increases 'peeling' or shedding of skin. This drugs' side effects include drying of the skin, redness, rashes, bleaching and possible loss of hair in areas in contact. Do peroxides have an effect on the sebum- production? - ANSWER>>Yes, the effect is on the dermis and the sebaceous glands are located there. As skin cells move toward the surface of the body, they produce a protein that reduces water loss. This process is called - ANSWER>>keratinization The blue color of superficial blood vessels results from - ANSWER>>the light-scattering properties of collagen sweat - ANSWER>>is produced by a merocrine or apocrine gland Excessive shedding of this layer of the epidermis of the scalp is responsible for dandruff. - ANSWER>>stratum corneum The integumentary system has many functions, one of which is - ANSWER>>detection of heat and touch What type of burn involves damage to the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue?
With aging, individuals tend to feel colder and usually need the thermostat in their home set higher in the winter to feel warm enough. This is probably because the elderly - ANSWER>>experience a decrease in the thickness of their subcutaneous fat layer The bluish tinge of skin due to a reduction of oxygen in the blood is called - ANSWER>>cyanosis Acne is caused by - ANSWER>>All of these are factors Which of the following is NOT associated with impetigo? - ANSWER>>Streptococcus pyogenes Which type of skin cancer is the most common? - ANSWER>>basal cell carcinoma The effects of aging on the skin include all of the following except: - ANSWER>>increases in sebaceous gland activity Spongy bone tissue - ANSWER>>contains interconnecting plates called trabeculae. What strengthens the attachment of the tendons or ligaments to bone? - ANSWER>>Sharpey fibers Which type of bone appears porous? - ANSWER>>spongy bone Some marrow of long bones is termed "red" marrow. The function of red marrow is to - ANSWER>>manufacture blood cells Which of the following is NOT a function of bone? - ANSWER>>immunity Ligaments attach - ANSWER>>bone to bone The connective tissue sheath of cartilage is called the - ANSWER>>perichondrium What is the type of ossification that forms the flat bones of the skull? - ANSWER>>intramembranous ossification Which of the following is NOT an effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)? - ANSWER>>All of these are effects of PTH This figure illustrates bone growth in length at the Epiphyseal Plate. What is zone "A"? - ANSWER>>zone of resting cartilage This condition is also known as hump back. - ANSWER>>kyphosis The auditory ossicles are part of the - ANSWER>>axial skeleton
