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A&P Ch. 21 Integumentary System with 100%
Verified Solutions | Updated & Verified | 2025
weight of skin - ✔✔6 lbs
skin - ✔✔largest organ of the human body
5 main functions of the integumentary system - ✔✔protection, regulation, sensation, absorption, and secretion
vitamin D - ✔✔produced in skin
Regulation (skin) - ✔✔temperature
rises in body temperature - blood vessel dilate.
Sensation (skin) - ✔✔contains microscopic nerve endings.
sensory reaction types - ✔✔pressure, traction, heat, cold, pain, etc.
Absorption (skin) - ✔✔Oil, water and vitamins provide necessary moisture , nourishment and protection
Secretion (skin) - ✔✔perspiration
build up causes bacterial growth - creating body odor
Layers of skin - ✔✔epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous
Epidermis - ✔✔outermost layer of skin
Dermis - ✔✔middle layer of skin
subcutaneous layer - ✔✔innermost layer of the skin, containing fat tissue
shaft (hair) - ✔✔the portion above the skin surface (visible)
pilomotor muscles - ✔✔Cause erection of hairs in response to cold, irritation, or emotional stimuli
nail - ✔✔consists of the body, root, and matrix
matrix (nail) - ✔✔nail bed
A lost fingernail may take _________ months to regrow - ✔✔3.5 - 5.
A lost toenail may take months to regrow - ✔✔6 - 8
sebaceous glands - ✔✔oil glands in the skin
sebum - ✔✔the oily secretion of the sebaceous glands
sudoriferous glands - ✔✔sweat glands
benign - ✔✔noncancerous
malignant - ✔✔cancerous
more prone to skin cancer - ✔✔natural redheads and blondes, people with fairer skin
alopecia areata - ✔✔Patchy loss of hair occurring on the scalp or other parts of the body. occurs in about 1 in 100 people (mostly teens and young adults)
cellulitis - ✔✔acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. often caused by a cut, ulceration, or abrasion
Cellulitis risk factors - ✔✔IV drug use, impairment of the immune system, and diabetes
erythema - ✔✔redness of the skin
Staphylococcus (staph) - ✔✔cause of cellulitis, treated with penicillin based antibiotics
contact dermatitis - ✔✔irritated or allergic response of the skin coming in contact with an irritating substance
vesicles - ✔✔small blisters
decubitus ulcer - ✔✔Pressure sore or bed sore, it is an ulcer, initially of the skin, due to prolonged pressure.
Stage 1 decubitus ulcer - ✔✔reddened area of skin
Stage 2 decubitus ulcer - ✔✔Superficial blistering and breakdown of skin layers
Stage 3 decubitus ulcer - ✔✔Full Thickness to subcutaneous; muscle exposed
Stage 4 Decubitus Ulcer - ✔✔damage to bone and/or muscle
eczema (atopic dermatitis) - ✔✔inflammation of the skin with lesions caused by allergy.
treated with corticosteroids and "TIMs"
furuncle - ✔✔a boil
carbuncle - ✔✔a cluster of connected furuncles (boils)
Folliculitis - ✔✔an infection or inflammation of the hair follicles. Commonly in the face, scalp, armpits, and legs
herpes simplex - ✔✔Recurring viral infection that often presents as a fever blister or cold sore with potentially a fever.
herpes simplex virus type 1 - ✔✔the form of herpes that generates cold sores or fever blisters around the mouth
herpes simplex virus type 2 - ✔✔sexually transmitted, ulcer-like lesions of the genitals
herpes zoster - ✔✔shingles, viral infection affecting peripheral nerves that causes a painful rash
hirsutism - ✔✔excessive hair growth
Impetigo - ✔✔bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture. Common in children and very contagious
tinea - ✔✔infection of the skin caused by a fungus
tinea corporis - ✔✔ringworm
tinea capitis - ✔✔fungal infection of the scalp
medium chemical peel - ✔✔The purpose of this peel is to reduce wrinkles, make the skin appear softer than light chemical peels
Deep chemical peel - ✔✔aggressive treatment that can affect the layers of skin down to the dermal layer. May remove precancerous lesions
Laser resurfacing - ✔✔Uses a beam of highly focused light to vaporize the upper layers of damaged skin at specific and controlled levels of penetration. may take 1-2 hours
Microdermabrasion - ✔✔Mechanical exfoliation that is noninvasive and non-chemical
