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Abnormal Psychology Kit Cram Sheet: Theories and Quiz with Answers, Cheat Sheet of Abnormal Psychology

Great and useful cheat sheet of Abonormal Psychology with the main theories and concepts: quiz with answers included.

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DEMIDEC~~
AP
Psychology
Cram
Kit
I
64
ABNORMAL
BEHAVIOR
Theories
and
Diagnoses
of
Psychopathology
THEORIES
OF
ABNORMAL
PSYCHOLOGY
Cause
of
Psychological
Disorders
Repressed
unconscious
impulses
generally
caused
by
painful
or
traumatic
childhood
experiences
Lack
of
unconditional
positive
regard; lack
of
self-awareness;
failure
to
work toward
self-
actualization
Distorted
cognition;
illogical
thoughts
and
misinterpretations
Reinforced
maladaptive
behaviors
Abnormal
brain
structure
or
chemistry
Society
with
dysfunctional
views
of
acceptable
behavior
Utilizes ideology of
multiple
theoretical
perspectives
DIAGNOSES
AND
THE
DSM-IV-TR
The
Diagnostic
and
Statistical Manual
of
Mental
Disorders,
published
by
the
American
Psychiatric
Association,
is
currently
in
its
fourth
edition,
text
revised.
The DSM
is
a
manual
for
identifying
and
classifying the
types of
psychological
illnesses.
It
provides
information
about etiology,
prevalence
rates,
and
diagnostic
criteria.
Disorders
are
listed
on
five
axes:
DEFINING
ABNORMALITY
ACHIEVING NORMALCY
One
cannot
fully
understand
Abnormal
Psychology
without
asking
the
question,
What
is
abnormal?
Psychologists
often
classify behavior
as
abnormal
using
4
D’s:
deviance,
distress,
dysfunction,
and
danger.
Providing
a
straightforward
definition
of
abnormality
is
tricky
because
abnormality
is
relative,
but
the
definition
has
several
primary characteristics.
Abnormal
behavior
is
maladaptive, meaning
that
it
interferes
with functioning
Abnormal
behavior
is
disturbing
to
others
and
likely
to
the individual
himself
Abnormal
behavior deviates
from
the
statistical
norms
of
society
Abnormal
behavior
is
considered
irrational
and
unusual
by
society
Individuals
suffering
from
psychological disorders
may
meet
some
or
all
of
these
criteria.
It
is
important
to
keep
in
mind,
though,
that
what
is
abnormal
is
defined
by
the
society
in
which
the
behavior
occurs—what
some
societies
consider abnormal
is
perfectly
average
in
other
societies.
WHO’S
CRAZY
HERE
ANYWAY?
Psychologist
David
Rosenhan
and
several
colleagues
admitted
themselves
to
mental
hospitals,
complaining
of
hearing
voices.
Each
individual
was
diagnosed
with
schizophrenia.
Once
in
the
hospitals,
they
acted
normally.
They
did
not
report
hearing
any
unusual
noises
and
behaved
as
they
usually
would
in
the outside
world.
While
institutionalized,
however,
all
of
their
behaviors were
seen
through
the
lens
of mental
illness.
Even
when these
individuals
were
released,
they
were
diagnosed
with
schizophrenia
in
remission.
The
Rosenhan
study
was
not
perfect
in
its
design,
but
it
raises
a
valuable point.
One
should
remember
that
the
labels
associated
with
mental
illness
can
be
useful
for
classification,
research,
and
treatment,
but they
can
also
be
permanently
stigmatizing.
Above
all,
one
should
keep
in
mind
that
these
labels
do
not define
an
individual.
A person
is
more
than
an
illness.
BACK
TO
SCHOOL
As
with
the
other
fields
of
psychology, the
different
theoretical
perspectives
approach
psychopathology
in
unique
ways.
Each
group
has
its own
view
of
the
etiology
and
treatment
of
psychological
disorders.
School
of
Thought
Psychoanalytic/
Psychodynamic
Humanistic
Cognitive
Behavioral
Biological
Sociocultural
Eclectic
Axis
1:
Main
clinical
disorders
Axis
2:
Personality
disorders
and
mental
retardation
Axis
3:
Medical
conditions
that
may
impact
behavior
Axis
4:
Psychosocial
and
environmental
stressors
Axis
5:
Global
assessment
of
functioning
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8

Partial preview of the text

Download Abnormal Psychology Kit Cram Sheet: Theories and Quiz with Answers and more Cheat Sheet Abnormal Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!

DEMIDEC~~

AP

(^) Psychology

(^) Cram

(^) Kit (^) I 64

ABNORMAL

BEHAVIOR

Theories

and

Diagnoses

of

Psychopathology

THEORIES

OF

ABNORMAL

PSYCHOLOGY

Cause

(^) of (^) Psychological

Disorders

Repressed

(^) unconscious

impulses

(^) generally

(^) caused

(^) by

painful

(^) or (^) traumatic

(^) childhood

Lackexperiences

(^) of (^) unconditional

(^) positive

regard; lack

(^) of (^) self-awareness;

failure

(^) to (^) work toward

(^) self-

Distortedactualization

(^) cognition;

(^) illogical

thoughts

(^) and

Reinforcedmisinterpretations

(^) maladaptive

Abnormalbehaviors

(^) brain

(^) structure

(^) or

Societychemistry

(^) with

(^) dysfunctional

views

(^) of (^) acceptable

(^) behavior

Utilizes ideology of

(^) multiple

theoretical

(^) perspectives

DIAGNOSES

AND

THE

DSM-IV-TR

The (^) Diagnostic

(^) and

(^) Statistical Manual

(^) of (^) Mental

Disorders,

(^) published

(^) by (^) the (^) American

(^) Psychiatric

Association,

(^) is (^) currently

(^) in (^) its (^) fourth

(^) edition,

(^) text

revised.

(^) The DSM

(^) is (^) a (^) manual

(^) for (^) identifying

(^) and

classifying the

(^) types of

(^) psychological

(^) illnesses.

(^) It

provides

(^) information

(^) about etiology,

(^) prevalence

(^) rates,

and (^) diagnostic

(^) criteria.

(^) Disorders

(^) are

(^) listed

(^) on (^) five

(^) axes:

DEFINING

ABNORMALITY

ACHIEVING NORMALCY

One

(^) cannot

(^) fully

(^) understand

(^) Abnormal

(^) Psychology

without

(^) asking

(^) the (^) question,

What

(^) is (^) abnormal?

Psychologists

(^) often

(^) classify behavior

(^) as (^) abnormal

(^) using

(^) D’s:

(^) deviance,

distress,

dysfunction,

(^) and

danger.

(^) Providing

(^) a (^) straightforward

(^) definition

(^) of

abnormality

(^) is (^) tricky

(^) because

(^) abnormality

(^) is (^) relative,

but (^) the (^) definition

(^) has

(^) several

(^) primary characteristics.

Abnormal

(^) behavior

(^) is (^) maladaptive, meaning

(^) that

(^) it

interferes

(^) with functioning

Abnormal

(^) behavior

(^) is (^) disturbing

(^) to (^) others

(^) and

(^) likely

to (^) the individual

(^) himself

Abnormal

(^) behavior deviates

(^) from

(^) the

(^) statistical

norms

(^) of (^) society

Abnormal

(^) behavior

(^) is (^) considered

(^) irrational

(^) and

unusual

(^) by (^) society

Individuals

(^) suffering

(^) from

(^) psychological disorders

(^) may

meet

(^) some

(^) or (^) all (^) of (^) these

(^) criteria.

(^) It (^) is (^) important

(^) to (^) keep

in (^) mind,

(^) though,

(^) that

(^) what

(^) is (^) abnormal

(^) is (^) defined

(^) by (^) the

society

(^) in (^) which

(^) the (^) behavior

(^) occurs—what

(^) some

societies

(^) consider abnormal

(^) is (^) perfectly

(^) average

(^) in (^) other

societies.

WHO’S

CRAZY

HERE

ANYWAY?

Psychologist

(^) David

(^) Rosenhan

(^) and

(^) several

colleagues

(^) admitted

(^) themselves

(^) to (^) mental

hospitals,

(^) complaining

(^) of (^) hearing

(^) voices.

(^) Each

individual

(^) was

(^) diagnosed

(^) with

(^) schizophrenia.

Once

(^) in (^) the

(^) hospitals,

(^) they

(^) acted

(^) normally.

(^) They

did (^) not

(^) report

(^) hearing

(^) any

(^) unusual

(^) noises

(^) and

behaved

(^) as (^) they

(^) usually

(^) would

(^) in (^) the outside

world.

While

(^) institutionalized,

(^) however,

(^) all (^) of (^) their

behaviors were

(^) seen

(^) through

(^) the

(^) lens

(^) of mental

illness.

(^) Even

(^) when these

(^) individuals

(^) were

released,

(^) they

(^) were

(^) diagnosed

(^) with

schizophrenia

(^) in (^) remission.

The (^) Rosenhan

(^) study

(^) was

(^) not

(^) perfect

(^) in (^) its

design,

(^) but

(^) it (^) raises

(^) a (^) valuable point.

(^) One

(^) should

remember

(^) that

(^) the (^) labels

(^) associated

(^) with

mental

(^) illness

(^) can

(^) be (^) useful

(^) for (^) classification,

research,

(^) and

(^) treatment,

(^) but they

(^) can

(^) also

(^) be

permanently

(^) stigmatizing.

(^) Above

(^) all, (^) one

(^) should

keep

(^) in (^) mind

(^) that

(^) these

(^) labels

(^) do (^) not define

(^) an

individual.

(^) A person

(^) is (^) more

(^) than

(^) an

(^) illness.

BACK

TO

SCHOOL

As (^) with

(^) the

(^) other

(^) fields

(^) of (^) psychology, the

(^) different

theoretical

(^) perspectives

(^) approach

(^) psychopathology

(^) in

unique

(^) ways.

(^) Each

(^) group

(^) has

(^) its own

(^) view

(^) of (^) the

etiology

(^) and

(^) treatment

(^) of (^) psychological

(^) disorders.

School

(^) of

Thought

EclecticSocioculturalBiologicalBehavioralCognitive HumanisticPsychodynamicPsychoanalytic/

Axis

(^) 1: (^) Main

(^) clinical

(^) disorders

Axis

(^) 2: (^) Personality

(^) disorders

(^) and

(^) mental

(^) retardation

Axis

(^) 3: (^) Medical

(^) conditions

(^) that

(^) may

(^) impact

(^) behavior

Axis

(^) 4: (^) Psychosocial

(^) and

(^) environmental

(^) stressors

Axis

(^) 5: (^) Global

(^) assessment

(^) of (^) functioning

AP (^) Psychology

(^) Cram

(^) Kit (^) I 65

DEMIDEC~

CRAM

(^) QUIZ

Theories

(^) and

Diagnoses

(^) of Psychopathology

UEST

1

Which theoretical

(^) perspective

(^) argues

(^) that

(^) psychological

disorders result

(^) from reinforced

(^) maladaptive

(^) behaviors?

(A)

(^) psychoanalytic

(B)

(^) humanistic

(C)

(^) behavioral

(D)

(^) cognitive

(E)

sociocultural

QUESTION

(^2)

According

(^) to (^) the

(^) biological perspective, psychological

disorders

(^) result

(^) from

(A)

(^) traumatic

(^) childhood

(^) experiences

(B)

(^) lack

(^) of (^) positive

(^) regard

(C)

(^) distorted cognition

(D)

(^) dysfunctional

(^) societal views

(E)

(^) brain

(^) abnormalities

QUESTION

(^3)

Which

(^) diagnostic

(^) axis

(^) is (^) used

(^) to (^) classify personality

disorders? (A) (^) Axis

(^) I

(B)

(^) Axis

II

(C)

(^) Axis

(^) Ill

(D)Axis

IV

(E)

(^) Axis

V

QUESTION

(^4)

Which

(^) diagnostic

(^) axis

(^) provides

(^) a (^) numerical

(^) ranking

(^) on (^) a

scale

(^) of 0

(^) to (^100)

(^) of (^) an (^) individual’s

(^) level

(^) of (^) functioning?

(A)

(^) Axis

(^) I

(B)

(^) Axis

II

(C)

(^) Axis

(^) Ill

(D)Axis

IV

(E)

(^) Axis

V

QUESTION

(^5)

Which

(^) of (^) the (^) following

(^) is (^) NOT

(^) one

(^) of (^) the (^) four

(^) D’s (^) used

to (^) classify behavior

(^) as (^) abnormal?

(A)

(^) danger

(B)

(^) deviance

(D)(C) dysfunction (^) disorder

(E)

(^) distress

QUESTION

(^6)

The (^) stigmatization

(^) of (^) psychological

(^) labeling

(^) is (^) best

demonstrated

(^) by (^) the

(A)

(^) Milgram

(^) study

(B)

(^) Zimbardo

(^) study

(C)

(^) Rosenhan

(^) study

(D)

(^) Asch

(^) study

(E)

(^) Sherif

(^) study

QUESTION

(^) ~

Dr. (^) Impala

(^) is (^) a (^) clinical

(^) psychologist

(^) who

(^) treats

individuals

(^) with

(^) severe

(^) psychopathology.

(^) When

providing

(^) therapy,

(^) she

(^) tailors

(^) her

(^) approach to

(^) the

individual

(^) client,

(^) mixing

(^) and

(^) matching

(^) ideas

(^) from

(^) a

variety

(^) of (^) theoretical

(^) perspectives.

(^) Her

(^) approach

(^) could

best

(^) be (^) described

(^) as

(A)

(^) humanistic

(B)

(^) sociocultural

(C)

(^) psychodynamic

(D)

(^) eclectic

(E)

haphazard

QUESTION

(^8)

An (^) individual who

(^) was

(^) diagnosed

(^) with

(^) schizophrenia

(^) but

is (^) no (^) longer

(^) showing

(^) any

(^) symptoms

(^) is (^) considered

(A)

(^) in (^) remission

(C)(B) recovered (^) undifferentiated

(D)at

(^) risk

(E)

acutely

(^) schizophrenic

ANSWERS

UL~.J~UJ~O~<

AP (^) Psychology

(^) Cram

(^) Kit

I

67

DEMIDEC~

CRAM

(^) QUIZ

Psychological

(^) Disorders

QUESTION

Which

(^) anxiety

(^) disorder

(^) is (^) characterized

(^) by (^) persistent,

unwanted

(^) thoughts

(^) and

(^) ritualistic

(^) behaviors

(^) used

(^) to

alleviate

(^) tension?

(A)

(^) generalized

(^) anxiety

(^) disorder

(B)

posttraumatic

(^) stress

(^) disorder

(C)

(^) phobias

(D)

(^) obsessive

(^) compulsive

(^) disorder

(E)

panic

(^) disorder

QUESTION

Which

(^) anxiety

(^) disorder

(^) is (^) most

(^) likely

(^) to (^) be (^) associated

with

(^) sudden,

(^) intense

(^) physiological

(^) sensations

(^) that

resemble

(^) a (^) heart-attack?

(A)

(^) generalized

(^) anxiety

(^) disorder

(B)

posttraumatic

(^) stress

(^) disorder

(C)

(^) phobias

(D)

(^) obsessive

(^) compulsive

(^) disorder

(E)

panic

(^) disorder

QUESTION

(^) ~

How

(^) long

(^) must

(^) symptoms

(^) persist

(^) in (^) order

(^) for (^) an

individual to

(^) be (^) classified

(^) with

(^) major

(^) depressive

disorder? (A) (^) one

(^) week

(B)

(^) two

(^) weeks

(C)

(^) one

(^) month

(D)

(^) six (^) months

(E)

(^) one

(^) year

QUESTION

All (^) of (^) the (^) following

(^) symptoms

(^) typically

(^) accompany

manic

(^) episodes

EXCEPT

(A)

(^) anhedonia

(B)

(^) sleeplessness

(C)

(^) euphoria

(D)

(^) excessive

(^) spending

(E)

uninhibited

(^) speech

Which QUESTIONS

(^) of (^) the

(^) following

(^) is (^) NOT

(^) one

(^) of (^) the (^) types

(^) of

schizophrenia? (A) (^) undifferentiated

(B)

paranoid

(D)(C) dissociative (^) residual

(E)

catatonic

QUESTION

The (^) name

(^) schizophrenia

(^) is (^) derived

(^) from

(^) two

(^) words

meaning (A) (^) multiple

(^) personalities

(B)

split

(^) mind

(C)

(^) distorted

(^) cognitions

(D)

(^) psychotic

(^) break

(E)

inappropriate

(^) emotions

QUESTION

Which

(^) of (^) the (^) following

(^) is (^) NOT

(^) a (^) negative

(^) symptom

(^) of

schizophrenia? (A) (^) flat (^) affect

(B)

catatonia

(D)(C) apathy (^) social

(^) withdrawal

(E)

disorganized

(^) speech

QUESTION

Dissociative disorders

(^) are (^) most

(^) notable

(^) for (^) causing

(^) loss

of (A) (^) identity

(B)

(^) intelligence

(C)

(^) bodily control

(D)

(^) emotion

(E)

weight

ANSWERS

~uj~<U~uj<

DEMIDEC~

AP (^) Psychology

(^) Cram

(^) Kit (^) I 68

ABNORMAL

BEHAVIOR

Psychological

Disorders

(Continued)

PERSONALITY

DISORDERS

SOMATOFORM

DISORDERS

IT’S

NOTHING

PERSONAL

BODILY

HARM

Personality

(^) disorders include

(^) persistent

(^) behavioral

Somatoform

(^) disorders

(^) are (^) physical

(^) complaints

patterns

(^) that

(^) impair

(^) social

(^) functioning.

presented

(^) without

(^) medical

(^) cause.

CLUSTER

A:

ODD

OR

ECCENTRIC

BEHAVIORS

These

(^) theories

(^) of (^) personality

(^) assume

(^) that

(^) personality

is (^) based

(^) on (^) cognitive

(^) constructs.

Paranoidpersonality

(^) disorder

Conversion

Factitious

Suspicious

(^) and

(^) distrustful

(^) of (^) others

Disorder

Hypochondriasis

Disorders

Schizoid

personality

(^) disorder

A

(^) physiological

Irrational

Fabrication of

Socially

(^) detached;

(^) lacks

(^) emotional

(^) range;

(^) seems

problem,

(^) such

(^) as

preoccupation

symptoms

paralysis,

(^) occurs

with (^) having

(^) a

without

(^) non-

bland

(^) and

(^) lethargic

as (^) an (^) expression

disease

psychological

Schizotypal

(^) personality

(^) disorder

of (^) a (^) psychological

Genuinely

external

(^) gain

problem

concerned

(^) about

Includes

Eccentric;

(^) distorted

(^) cognition

(^) and

(^) perception;

Freud

(^) referred to

having

(^) a (^) serious

Munchausen’s

socially

(^) uncomfortable

this (^) as (^) hysteria

illness,

(^) despite

Syndrome

(^) and

assurances

(^) from

Munchausen’s

(^) by

CLUSTER

B:

EMOTIONAL

OR

ERRATIC

BEHAVIORS

doctors

Proxy

Antisocialpersonality

(^) disorder

ORGANIC

DISORDERS

Lack

(^) of (^) empathy,

(^) conscience,

(^) or (^) remorse;

(^) often

(^) acts

charming

(^) and

(^) manipulative

Organic

(^) disorders

(^) result

(^) from

(^) damage

(^) to (^) the

(^) brain,

Borderline

(^) personality

(^) disorder

typically

(^) caused

(^) by (^) a (^) disease

(^) or (^) chemical

(^) imbalance.

Dementia

(^) and

(^) Alzheimer’s

(^) disease

(^) are (^) examples

(^) of

Unstable mood

(^) and

(^) relationships;

(^) acts

(^) impulsively;

organic disorders.

uncomfortable

(^) with

(^) self-image

(^) and

(^) emotions;

(^) may

engage

(^) in (^) self-injury

(^) or (^) threaten

(^) suicide

EATING

DISORDERS

Histrionic

(^) personality

(^) disorder

Eating

(^) disorders

(^) are

(^) characterized

(^) by (^) irrational

(^) beliefs

Attention-seeking;

(^) wants

(^) to (^) be (^) liked

(^) and

(^) accepted;

about healthy

(^) weight

(^) and

(^) food

(^) consumption.

often

(^) feels

(^) insecure

Anorexia

(^) Nervosa

Bulimia

(^) Nervosa

Narcissistic

(^) personality

(^) disorder

Refusal

(^) to maintain

Unhealthy

(^) attitudes

(^) and

Excessive

(^) sense

(^) of (^) self-importance;

(^) egocentric;

(^) lack

normal

(^) weight

(^) caused

(^) by

behaviors

(^) toward

(^) food

of (^) empathy;

(^) attention-seeking

fear (^) of (^) becoming fat

and (^) weight,

(^) without

necessarily

(^) being

CLUSTER

C:

ANXIOUS

OR

FEARFUL

BEHAVIORS

underweight

A

(^) voidant

personality

(^) disorder

Uncomfortable

(^) in (^) social

(^) or (^) evaluative situations;

ATTENTION AND

CONDUCT

DISORDERS

feels

(^) inadequate;

(^) sensitive

(^) about

(^) social

(^) perception

ACTING

OUT

Dep

en dent

(^) personality

(^) disorder

Attention

deficit

hyperactivity

disorder

(ADHD)

Extremely

(^) submissive

(^) in (^) relationships;

(^) feels

(^) the

causes

(^) inattentiveness,

(^) distractibility,

(^) forgetfulness,

need

(^) to (^) be (^) taken

(^) care

(^) of

fidgeting,

(^) and

(^) difficulty

(^) with

(^) organization,

(^) among

(^) other

problems

(^) with

(^) paying

(^) attention

(^) and

(^) staying

(^) still.

Obsessive

(^) compulsive

(^) personality

(^) disorder

Needs

(^) perfection

(^) and

(^) control;

(^) detail-oriented;

Conduct

disorder

(^) and

oppositional

defiant

moralistic;

(^) judgmental

disorderare

(^) other

(^) behavioral

(^) problems

(^) that

(^) usually

involve

(^) violation

(^) of (^) social

norms

(^) and

(^) conflict with

authority

(^) figures.

DEMIDEC~

AP (^) Psychology

(^) Cram

(^) Kit (^) I 70

THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES

COUCH

TALK

•Tries

(^) to (^) gain

(^) insight-into

(^) the (^) causes

of (^) problems,

(^) which

(^) are (^) likely

unconscious

V

V

•Usesfree

(^) a~sociation

(^) (reporting

(^) all

thoughts

(^) Without

(^) filtering);

(^) hypnosis,

and (^) dream

(^) analS’sis

V

analytic Psycho-

•Encourages.transference,

(^) inwhich

the (^) patient

(^) Vprojects

(^) feelings about

another

(^) person

(^) (usually

(^) a (^) parent)

Vo~td

(^) the (^) th&apist.V

(^) .~

~Avoids

(^) countertrahsf~rénce,

(^) in (^) ~hich

the (^) therapist

(^) projectsfeelin~s

(^) onto

V (^) the

(^) patient

V

~Client-centered

(^) therapy

•Tries to

(^) help

(^) the (^) client

(^) achieve

(^) self-

•Therapyactualization

(^) is (^) non-directive; client

H

manistic

chooses

(^) his (^) own

(^) path

(^) rather

(^) than

U

being

(^) told

(^) what

(^) to (^) do

•Therapist

(^) is (^) open

(^) and

(^) genuine

•Therapist

(^) provides

(^) unconditional

positive

(^) regard

(^) and

(^) empathic

•May understanding

(^) use (^) counterconditioning

through

(^) aversion

(^) therapy

(^) or

systematic desensitization

(^) (replacing

anxiey

(^) with

(^) relaxation

(^) in (^) stressful

•F/oodingis situations)

(^) an (^) extinction

(^) procedure

Behavioral

in (^) which

(^) the (^) client

(^) is (^) exposed

(^) to (^) a

frightening

(^) stimulus

until

(^) anxiety

(^) is

reduced

(^) through

(^) exposure

(^) without

negative

(^) consequences

•Behavioral

(^) contracts

(^) and

(^) token

economies

(^) prohibit

(^) undersirable

behaviors

(^) and

(^) reward desirable

(^) ones

•Rational

(^) emotive

(^) behavior

(^) therapy

challenges

(^) irrational

(^) thoughts,

helping to create

(^) realistic

(^) cause

(^) and

effect connections

(^) between

behaviors

(^) and

(^) consequences

•Cognitive

(^) therapy

(^) aims

(^) to (^) change

maladaptive

(^) thought

(^) processes

(^) that

lead (^) to (^) depressed

(^) views

(^) of (^) the (^) self,

V

the (^) world,

(^) and

(^) the (^) future

(^) (cognitive

~>

triad)

•Eliminates

(^) thinking

(^) in (^) which

conclusions

(^) are (^) drawn

(^) without

evidence

(^) or (^) situations

(^) are (^) seen

(^) as

all-or-nothing

BIOLOGICAL

TREATMENTS

SHOCK

AND

AWE

Electroconvulsive

therapy.

(^) High

(^) voltages

(^) of

electricity

(^) are

(^) sent

(^) through

(^) a (^) patient’s

(^) head

(^) in (^) order

to (^) treat

(^) severe

(^) mental

(^) illness

(^) that

(^) does

(^) not

(^) respond

to (^) therapy

(^) or (^) medication;

(^) may

(^) cause

(^) memory

(^) loss

Psychosurgery.

(^) Physical

(^) alteration

(^) of (^) the

(^) brain,

such

(^) as (^) a (^) prefrontal lobotomy,

(^) in (^) which the

(^) frontal

lobe

(^) is (^) severed

(^) from

(^) the

(^) rest of

(^) the (^) brain

Psychopharmacology.

(^) Treatment

(^) of

psychological

(^) disorders

(^) with

(^) medication

DRUGS

USED

TO

TREAT

PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

Ant/psychotics

(^) treat

(^) schizophrenia

(^) by (^) blocking

dopamine

(^) receptors.

(^) Examples

(^) of (^) antipsychotics

(^) include

Clozapine,

(^) Thorazine,

(^) and

(^) Haldol.

(^) These

(^) drugs

(^) can

cause

tardive

dyskinesia,

(^) a (^) side

(^) effect

(^) that

(^) results

(^) in

involuntary

(^) movement

(^) of (^) the (^) face,

(^) tongue,

(^) and

(^) limbs.

Mood

(^) disorders

(^) are (^) treated through

(^) several kinds of

ant/depressants.

MAO

inhibitors

(^) increase

(^) serotoni

(^) n

and (^) norepinephrine

(^) activity

(^) by (^) preventing monoamine

oxidase

(^) from

(^) breaking

(^) down

(^) neurotransmitters.

(^) These

drugs

(^) require

(^) dietary restrictions

(^) because

(^) some

(^) food-

drug

(^) interactions

(^) can

(^) be (^) extremely

(^) dangerous.

Tryc/clic

ant/depressants

(^) also

(^) increase

(^) the

(^) amount

(^) of (^) serotonin

and (^) norepinephrine.

(^) However,

(^) they

(^) have

(^) generally

(^) been

replaced

(^) with

(^) newer

(^) antidepressants

(^) that

(^) have

(^) fewer

side (^) effects. Selective

(^) serotonin

(^) reuptake

(^) inhibitors

(SSRIs),

(^) such

(^) as (^) Prozac,

(^) increase

(^) the (^) amount

(^) of

serotonin

(^) activity

(^) by (^) preventing

(^) reuptake.

(^) These

(^) drugs

have

(^) fewer

(^) side

(^) effects

(^) than

(^) the

(^) older antidepressants.

L/thiumis

(^) used

(^) to (^) treat

(^) bipolar disorder

(^) but requires

careful

(^) monitoring,

(^) as (^) it (^) is (^) toxic

(^) in (^) high doses.

Anxiolytics

(^) reduce

(^) anxiety

(^) levels

(^) by (^) depressing

(^) the

central

(^) nervous system.

(^) Barb/turatesare

(^) a (^) rarely

(^) used

type

(^) of (^) anxiolytic; they

(^) are (^) highly

(^) addictive

(^) and

(^) often

interact

(^) dangerously

(^) with

(^) other

(^) drugs. Benzod/azep/nes,

such

(^) as (^) Xanax

(^) and

(^) Valium,

(^) are (^) more

(^) commonly

(^) used.

GROUP

THERAPY

THE MORE, THE

MERRIER

Therapy

(^) is (^) not always

(^) conducted

(^) one-on-one.

(^) Group

therapy

(^) may

(^) offer additional

(^) feedback

(^) and

(^) support,

sometimes

(^) at (^) a (^) lower

(^) cost.

(^) Twelve-step

(^) programs

(^) have

become

(^) especially

(^) common

(^) treatments

(^) for (^) substance

abuse.

(^) Family

(^) and

(^) couples

(^) therapy

(^) can

(^) help

(^) improve

communication

(^) and

(^) resolve

(^) relationship

(^) problems.

a~ll@~

~

AP (^) Psychology

(^) Cram

(^) Kit

I

71

DEMIDEc~

CRAM

(^) QUIZ

Treatment

(^) of (^) Psychological

Disorders

QUESTION

QUESTION

Which

(^) of (^) the (^) following

(^) theoretical

(^) perspectives

(^) takes

(^) a

What

(^) is (^) the (^) primary

(^) risk

(^) associated

(^) with

client-centered

(^) approach to

(^) therapy?

electroconvulsive therapy?

(A)

(^) psychoanalytic

(A)

(^) tardive

(^) dyskinesia

(B)

(^) humanistic

(B)

(^) memory

(^) loss

(C)

(^) behavioral

(C)

(^) blunted

(^) affect

(D)

(^) cognitive

(D)

(^) hallucinations

(E)

biological

(E)

vegetative

(^) state

QUESTION

QUESTION

Which

(^) of (^) the (^) following

(^) psychologists

(^) is (^) incorrectly

What

(^) neurotransmitter

(^) is (^) targeted

(^) by (^) antipsychotics?

matched

(^) with

(^) his (^) mode

(^) of (^) therapy?

(A)

(^) serotonin

(A)

(^) Beck:

(^) cognitive

(^) therapy

(B)

norepinephrine

(B)

Ellis:

(^) rational

(^) emotive behavior

(^) therapy

(C)

(^) melatonin

(C)

(^) Freud:

(^) psychoanalytic

(D)dopamine

(D)

(^) Wolpe:

(^) systematic

(^) desensitization

(E)

monoamine

(E)

Rogers:

(^) Gestalt

(^) therapy

QUESTION

QUESTION

Which therapeutic

(^) approach

(^) utilizes

(^) free

(^) association,

Tardive

(^) dyskinesia

(^) is (^) most likely to

(^) be (^) caused

(^) by

dream analysis,

(^) and

(^) hypnosis?

(A)

(^) antipsychotics

(A)

(^) psychoanalytic

(B)

(^) tryciclic

(^) antidepressants

(B)

(^) humanistic

(C)

(^) SSRIs

(C)

(^) behavioral

(D)

(^) benzodiazepines

(D)cognitive

(E)

barbiturates

(E)

biological

QUESTION

QUESTION

Which

(^) type

(^) of (^) therapy

(^) aims

(^) to (^) eliminate

(^) arbitrary

Which

(^) of (^) the

(^) following

(^) drugs

(^) is (^) most

(^) likely to

(^) be (^) used

(^) as

inference

(^) and

(^) dichotomous thinking?

a treatment

(^) for (^) an (^) anxiety

(^) disorder?

(A)

(^) humanistic

(A)

(^) Wellbutrine

(B)

(^) existential

(B)

(^) Thorazine

(C)

(^) cognitive

(C) Lithium

(D)

(^) psychoanalytic

(D)

(^) Risperdal

(E)

(^) behavioral

(E)

(^) Xanax

ANSWERS

~LLJ<U~3~<UJ