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National Certification Organization
for Opticians
The National Contact Lens Examiners
(NCLE) ABO American Board of Opticianry
CLRE Contact Lens Registry Examination
Course Title and Number: ABO NOCE Competency Exam Exam Title: Registry Exam Exam Date: Exam 2025- 2026 Instructor: [Insert Instructor’s Name] Student Name: [Insert Student’s Name] Student ID: [Insert Student ID]
Examination
180 minutes
Instructions:
- Read each question carefully.
- Answer all questions.
- Use the provided answer sheet to mark your responses.
- Ensure all answers are final before submitting the exam.
- Please answer each question below and click Submit when you have completed the Exam.
- This test has a time limit, The test will save and submit automatically when the time expires
- This is Exam which will assess your knowledge on the course Learning Resources.
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ABO - NCLE Practical and Basic Exam Review Study Guide Questions and Answers | 100% Pass Guaranteed | Graded A+ | 2025- The National Contact Lens Examiners NCLE ABO American Board of Opticianry CLRE Contact Lens Registry Examination
Read All Instructions Carefully and Answer All the
Questions Correctly Good Luck: -
1. consists of the sclera and the cornea: fibrous tunic
2. consists of the iris, choroid, ciliary body, responsible
for nourishment: vas- cular tunic
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8. between the iris and the lens: posterior chamber
9. found between the retina and the lens and is filled
with a thicker gel-like sub- stance called vitreous humor which maintains the shape of the eye: vitreous chamber
10. Light enters the eye through the transparent,
dome: cornea
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11. The cornea consists of five distinct layers: 1.
The outer most layer, rests on Bowman's membrane: epithelium
12. 2. The next layer, which acts as a protective
barrier: Bowman's Membrane
13. 3. between the two membranes makes up 90%
of the thickness of the cornea: stroma
14. 4. separates the stroma and the endothelium:
Descemet's Membrane
15. 5. The inner most layer, removes water from
cornea, helping to keep the cornea clear.: endothelium
16. amount of light allowed through the pupil is
controlled by, colored part of the eye: iris
17. opens the iris allowing more light in: The iris has
two muscles: 1. The dilator muscle
18. closes the iris: 2. The sphincter muscle
19. Just behind the pupil, purpose of the lens is to
focus light on the retina: -
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32. Located at the medial canthus the lacrimal
caruncle also produces a liquid that soothes and lubricates the eye. These secretions combine with those from the Meibomian glands to make up the eyes tear film.: Lacrimal Caruncle
33. The clear lens or structure that covers the iris
or the colored part of the eye. The cornea is the first major structure that refracts light as it enters the eye. It has no blood supply and gets all of its oxygen directly from the air.: Cornea
34. The opening created by the iris changing size:
Pupil
35. "the whites of your eyes." The sclera is a thick,
tough and fibrous layer that provides the structure of the entire eyeball.: Sclera
36. Where the cornea blends into the sclera: Limbus
37. The colored area under the cornea that opens
and closes to regulate light entering the eye.: Iris
38. The layer that covers the eyelids.: Palpebral
Conjunctiva
39. The layer that covers the exposed portions of
the eye.: Ocular or Bulbar Conjunctiva
40. Rotates eye laterally or out towards the ear.
Attaches directly to the side of the eye and runs straight back.: Lateral Rectus
41. Eye looks up. Attaches directly to the top of
the eye and runs straight back.: Superior Rectus
42. Rotates eye medially or in towards the nose.
Attaches directly to the side of the eye and runs straight back.: Medial Rectus
43. Eye looks down. Attaches directly to bottom of
the eye and runs straight back.: Inferior Rectus
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44. Eye rolls, looks up and to the side. Attaches
along the lateral side of the eye and runs under the eye passing over the inferior rectus and attaches medially.: Inferior Oblique
45. Eye rolls, looks down and to the side. Attaches
under the superior rectus, passes through a bony spur known as the Trochlea, and then follow the path of the superior rectus. The raised attachment point provides the muscle the ability to give the eye rotation.: Superior Oblique
46. Notice that in the emmetropic eye all the rays
of light entering the eye all focus on the retina right where they need to be to provide crisp sight without the need of corrective lenses.: Emmetropic Eye
47. Presbyopia makes us unable to read fine print,
thread a needle, or do fine work without the aid of magnification. Presbyopia is when the crystalline lens can no longer change shape and provide accommodation. It remains in the flatter less plus shape shown in blue. Prescriptions for presbyopia will show corrections for distance, if required, and the additional notation of an add power as in one of these examples: Add +2.50 Add +1.25: Presbyopia
48. Simple because all the rays of light entering
the eye focus at the same spot, it is the wrong spot, but they all meet at the same place. The retina is further back from the cornea than in an emmetropic eye, so the rays fail to reach the back of the eye and the retina. Persons with myopia are nearsighted; they are capable of seeing things at "near" distances, or up very close to their eyes. They can read fine print, thread a needle, and work with tiny objects. They cannot see a street sign down the road or a bird high in a tree, without correction. Myopia is corrected with minus lenses. It is easy to remember: Just think my-opia and mi-nus lenses. A prescription for a person
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51. In simple hyperopic astigmatism some of the
rays of light entering the eye focus on a spot beyond the retina, but some fall directly on the fovea where they need to be. Simple hyperopic astigmatism is corrected using toric or sphero- cylinder lenses. One focus point of the lens will provide no correction, or have 0.00 power, for those rays which fall where they should. Another focus point of the lens will have power for the rays that need to be redirected to the correct place on the retina. A prescription for a person with a simple hyperopic astigmatism would look like one of these examples: +1.50 -1.50 X 45 0.00 +1. X135 +2.50 -2.50 X 130 0.00 +2.50 X 40: Simple Hyperopic Astigmatism
52. This condition is no longer simple, because the
rays of light entering the eye do not all meet at the same place. They all fall short of their intended spot on the retina, but some fall closer than others. Depending on the degree of astigmatism (the degree to which the cornea is misshapen) the individual may see objects as bent or distorted in shape as well as blurred. A prescription for a person with a compound myopic astigmatism would look like one of these examples: -1.00 -0.50 X 45 -1. +0.50 X 135 -2.50 -2.00 X 130 -4.50 + 2.00 X 45: Compound Myopic Astigmatism
53. This condition is no longer simple, because not
all the rays of light entering the eye meet at the same place. They all focus on a spot beyond the retina, but some come closer to the fovea than others. Depending on the degree of astigmatism (the degree to which the cornea is misshapen) the individual may see objects as bent or distorted in shape as well as blurred. A prescription for
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🤔 Hybridgrades101@gmail.com a person with a compound hyperopic astigmatism would look like one of these examples: +1.00 -0.50 X 45 +0. +0.50 X 135 +2.50 -2.00 X 130 +0.50 +2.00 X 40: Compound Hyperopic Astigmatism
54. In the eye with mixed astigmatism some rays
fall ahead of the retina while others try to focus on a spot beyond the retina. People with mixed astigmatism are neither nearsighted nor farsighted, but instead will have poor vision in all areas. A prescription for a person with a mixed astigmatism would look like one of these examples: +1.00 -2. X 45 -1.00 +2.00 X 135 +2.00 -2.25 X 67 -0.
- 2.25 X 157: Mixed Astigmatism
55. Light is a form of radiant energy. It acts as
both a particle and a wave. It travels at the fastest known speed in our universe which is: 186,000 miles per second
56. Red light is at the longer end of the spectrum
and violet light at the shorter end. A common acronym used to remember the order of colors in the visible spectrum is ROY G BIV (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet).: the visible spectrum lie between 400nm and 700nm.
57. Just below 400nm: ultraviolet (UV)
58. just above 750nm: infrared (IR)
59. As light moves from one transparent medium
to another, at any angle other than perpendicular to the material surface, the change in speed will also result in a change in direction. This change is direction is called: refraction
60. "n" is the notation, n tells us how much a given
material will slow down and change the direction of a ray of light passing through it. The higher the index or "n" the thinner a lens can be and produce the same power. Common index numbers include, 1.498, 1.523, 1.586, 1.60, 1.67, and 1.74. It is a
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🤔 Hybridgrades101@gmail.com front surface power, and D2 is the back surface power. Example for spherical lens: D1= + 8.00 D2= - 10.00 +8.00 + -10.00 = -2.00 So DL = -2.00 Example for sphero-cylinder lens: Prescription required: -1.00 -0.50 X 45 Front Base Curve = +2. Back curves to be ground -3.00 / -3.50: Nominal Lens Formula
74. -6.00 Sphere: D1= + 6.00 D2= -12.00 +6.00 (+) -
12.00 = So DL =
75. -4.50 / -5.50: Prescription required: -1.50 -1.00 X 45
Front Base Curve = +3.00 Back curves to be ground /
76. "The curve from which all other curves are
measured.": base curve
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8lknmc
1.Cancelling effect- subtract prism amounts: BU/BU
BD/BD
BI/BO
2.Powers between 0.00 & +/- 3.00: Read in 1/8 diopters
3.Lensometer is also referred to as: Lensmeter, focimeter,
vertometer
4.To focus eyepiece: 1) while turned off. Place white sheet of
paper against lens stop.
2) turn focus ring all the way counter clockwise,and then
back clockwise until sharp.
3) remove paper and turn lensometer on
4) move power drum to high plus, then turn away from you
until sharp- should land at 0.00.
5.To read HORIZONTAL prism: Axis must be @ 180°, if not,
transpose rx.
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6.P=hcmxd: Prentice rule P(prism)
Hcm(amount moved) D(diopter)
7.BO/BO: Compounds- add
8.BI/BI: Compounds- add
9.BU/BD: Compounds- add
10. BU/BU: Cancels- subtract
11. BD/BD: Cancels- subtract
12. BI/BO: Cancels- subtract
13. Black numbers on lensometer power drum: (+)
14. Red numbers on lensometer power drum: (-)
15. When neutralizing, if you have a power that is in
1/8 diopters and need to subtract: Add 1 to 1/8 amount Ex. .12, you would need to subtract.
16. Focus sphere lines first, if cylinder lines focus first:
Rotate axis drum by 90°
17. When you have cylinder power, turn the power
drum to: The high plus, then gradually reduce power until one of the meridians comes into focus.
18. Where is the prism reference point (PRP) on
progressives?: centered direct- ly between the two horizontal alignment engravings (or ink markings), usually about 2 to 4 mm below the fitting cross of the lens. Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8lknmc
19. Where is the distance reference point (DRP) located
on progressive lens- es?: generally located approximately 4 mm above the Fitting Point, providing an area completely free of the progressive power gradient.
20. Near reference point (NRP): represents the location on
the surface that pro- vides the full target Add power, which is the optimal location for verifying the Add power of the prescription. It is located at the center of the near checking circle ink marking.
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34. Measure cylinder value of the lens by: bringing far
lines into focus, THEN:- : Subtract current measurement on power drum from spherical reading.
35. PD for Single vision & progressive: Monocular
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8lknmc
36. PD for bifocals and trifocals: Binocular
37. Fill in all parts of the reading values found in the
correct form, including all:: Zeros Ex. X 090 +0. Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8i0zws
1. Single Vision: corrects for one distance
2. Multifocal: Corrects with two or more prescriptions (or
'powers')
3. Bifocal: lens having two focus strengths
4. Trifocal: pertaining to having three focus strengths
5. Calculating Prismatic Effects: obtained at the center of
an optical lens by producing a difference in edge thickness, either by grinding the back surface at an angle to the front surface during lens surfacing or, if the lens has sufficient power, de-centering the optical center of the lens
6. Compounding Prism: BI & BI BO & BO
BU & BD
7. Cancelling Prism: BI & BO BD & BD
BU & BU
8. Prentice's Rule: P=hcm x D P=amount of prism created
h= number of cm OC moved cm= centimeters (convert to mm, divide by 10) D= power in meridian with error
9. Vertical Imbalance: The difference in vertical prism
power at the reading level in a pair of lenses.
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10. OC Height's by lens: SV = 1/2 of B Progressive =
Fitting cross FT = 5mm above segment
11. Vertex Compensation: A plus lens when moved
farther from the eye gains in plus power Distance is 0 with CL because they are on the eye
12. Vertex compensation Formula: De= Dl/(1 + d
xDl) De= diopter effective value of error created D/= lens power (given power) d= amount in METERS lens moved from refracted position to position lens is worn Keep sign for what it is (+/-)
13. Horizontal Centration: PD
14. Vertical Centration: OC
15. Horizontal & Vertical Centration Formula: Given
PD/OC - Human PD/OC= mm moved Frame PD is found by adding A+DBL Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8i0zws
16. Power in Oblique Meridians: Dt= (sina)²x Dc +Ds
Dt= Total Power we need (sina)²= degree we have degree we need Dc= cylinder power Ds= sphere power
17. Lensmeter: is an ophthalmic instrument. It is mainly
used by optometrists and opticians to verify the correct prescription in a pair of eyeglasses, to properly orient and mark uncut lenses, and to confirm the correct mounting of lenses in spectacle frames. (also known as a focimeter or vertometer)
18. Lens Measurement Devices: lens clock, calipers,
millimeter ruler, circumfer- ence gauge
19. Lens Clock: is used to measure the surface powers
base curve of a lens
20. Lens Calipers: Measures thickness of lenses in mm
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32. lens axis pliers: allow you to turn the lens to adjust
the axis while it is mounted in the frame
33. Flat/round Nose Pliers: used to change the
curvature of pad arm loops. posi- tioned so the loop is bent around the round tip
34. Nylon Jaw flat/round nose pliers or Half-padded
pliers: they are used to pro- tect the finish of metal frames during adjustments. nylon side should be positioned against the visible part of the frame
35. Numont pliers: used to hold eyewires of numont
and nylon suspension frames during adjustment. you may also find them useful in adjusting the end pieces of narrow metal frames
36. chappel cutting pliers: he Chappel Cutting Plier
cuts screw assemblies and reduces the risk of damaging lenses
37. oblique cutting plier: tips of these pliers taper to a
45 degree angle allowing you to get into small spaces
38. B& L style adjusting pliers: flat arm will work with
pads whose mountings are flush against the pad
39. European pad adjusting pliers: designed
specifically for screw and snap in type nosepad adjustment. box shaped indentation fits around the
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🤔 Hybridgrades101@gmail.com nosepad box. opposite jaw is curved to mimic the shape of the pad itself. curved arm is padded tp protect the pads when working with soft silicone pads
40. temple angling pliers: variety of jaw depths.used
for adjusting the temples at hinge
41. Nylon Eyewire forming pliers: designed to form
the eyewire of a metal frame to the curvature of the lens. can be used to curve the temple of the frame
42. Nylon Jaw adjusting pliers: especially good for
adjusting metal frames and not marring the frame. great for two plier adjustments
43. Tweezers: great for working with tiny screws. useful
for guiding nylon string (aka fishing line0 through small holes. available in different tip styles and grooves
44. self-closing tweezers: holds screws perpendicular
to the tweezer body, works well on nose pad screws
45. Zyl File: Used to file plastic frames, good for rapid
removal of material
46. pillar file: perfect for flat filing
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