Download ABO Practical (ABO Practical broken down based on the ABO-NCLE practical Exam questions & and more Exams Microbiology in PDF only on Docsity!
ABO Practical (ABO Practical broken down based on the
ABO-NCLE practical Exam questions & answers
Candidate Handbook Practical Test Specifications sheet)
Single Vision - ✔✔ corrects for one distance Multifocal - ✔✔ Corrects with two or more prescriptions (or 'powers') Bifocal - ✔✔ lens having two focus strengths Trifocal - ✔✔ pertaining to having three focus strengths Calculating Prismatic Effects - ✔✔ obtained at the center of an optical lens by producing a difference in edge thickness, either by grinding the back surface at an angle to the front surface during lens surfacing or, if the lens has sufficient power, de-centering the optical center of the lens Compounding Prism - ✔✔ BI & BI BO & BO BU & BD Cancelling Prism - ✔✔ BI & BO BD & BD BU & BU Prentice's Rule - ✔✔ P=hcm x D P=amount of prism created h= number of cm OC moved cm= centimeters (convert to mm, divide by 10)
D= power in meridian with error Vertical Imbalance - ✔✔ The difference in vertical prism power at the reading level in a pair of lenses. OC Height's by lens - ✔✔ SV = 1/2 of B Progressive = Fitting cross FT = 5mm above segment Vertex Compensation - ✔✔ A plus lens when moved farther from the eye gains in plus power Distance is 0 with CL because they are on the eye Vertex compensation Formula - ✔✔ De= Dl/(1 + d xDl) De= diopter effective value of error created D/= lens power (given power) d= amount in METERS lens moved from refracted position to position lens is worn Keep sign for what it is (+/-)
- to d means moves away Horizontal Centration - ✔✔ PD Vertical Centration - ✔✔ OC Horizontal & Vertical Centration Formula - ✔✔ Given PD/OC - Human PD/OC= mm moved Frame PD is found by adding A+DBL Power in Oblique Meridians - ✔✔ Dt= (sina)²x Dc +Ds Dt= Total Power we need
Big Brass screwdriver - ✔✔ unscrew most screw, with a large brass handle plastic top screwdriver - ✔✔ most popular and most dangerous Pad Popper - ✔✔ used to remove snap-in nosepads without changing the alignment of the adjustable guard arms. the prongs are inserted behind the nosepad and in front of the nosepad box. a simple twist removes the pad Rimless mounting tool - ✔✔ the hook is started at the hinge side of the nylon line that pulls around the lens. use caution, easy to chip lens eyewire sizing pliers - ✔✔ used to check the size of the lens without damaging the barrels of the frame lens axis pliers - ✔✔ allow you to turn the lens to adjust the axis while it is mounted in the frame Flat/round Nose Pliers - ✔✔ used to change the curvature of pad arm loops. positioned so the loop is bent around the round tip Nylon Jaw flat/round nose pliers or Half-padded pliers - ✔✔ they are used to protect the finish of metal frames during adjustments. nylon side should be positioned against the visible part of the frame Numont pliers - ✔✔ used to hold eyewires of numont and nylon suspension frames during adjustment. you may also find them useful in adjusting the end pieces of narrow metal frames chappel cutting pliers - ✔✔ he Chappel Cutting Plier cuts screw assemblies and reduces the risk of damaging lenses oblique cutting plier - ✔✔ tips of these pliers taper to a 45 degree angle allowing you to get into small spaces
B& L style adjusting pliers - ✔✔ flat arm will work with pads whose mountings are flush against the pad European pad adjusting pliers - ✔✔ designed specifically for screw and snap in type nosepad adjustment. box shaped indentation fits around the nosepad box. opposite jaw is curved to mimic the shape of the pad itself. curved arm is padded tp protect the pads when working with soft silicone pads temple angling pliers - ✔✔ variety of jaw depths.used for adjusting the temples at hinge Nylon Eyewire forming pliers - ✔✔ designed to form the eyewire of a metal frame to the curvature of the lens. can be used to curve the temple of the frame Nylon Jaw adjusting pliers - ✔✔ especially good for adjusting metal frames and not marring the frame. great for two plier adjustments Tweezers - ✔✔ great for working with tiny screws. useful for guiding nylon string (aka fishing line0 through small holes. available in different tip styles and grooves self-closing tweezers - ✔✔ holds screws perpendicular to the tweezer body, works well on nose pad screws Zyl File - ✔✔ Used to file plastic frames, good for rapid removal of material pillar file - ✔✔ perfect for flat filing screw finishing or riffle file - ✔✔ files screws without filing the frame slit file or screw head file - ✔✔ for cleaning and restoring the screw head slots
measuring bifocal segments - ✔✔ from the bottom lid to the bevel of the frame measuring trifocal segments - ✔✔ from the lower edge of the pupil to the bevel of the frame measuring progressive segments - ✔✔ from the center of the pupil to the bottom of the frame A measurement - ✔✔ horizontal frame depth B measurement - ✔✔ vertical frame depth DBL - ✔✔ distance between lenses, smallest linear measurement between lenses ED - ✔✔ effective diameter, twice the longest radius of the lens C- size - ✔✔ The circumference of the lens Datum Line - ✔✔ 180 line, reference point for measurements DBC - ✔✔ distance between centers, also referred to as the frame PD or FPD MRP - ✔✔ Major Reference Point, same as optical center if no prescribed prism. the MRP or prism reference point (PRP) is the location on the lens that contains the prescribed refractive and prism correction minimum blank size - ✔✔ smallest lens blank that can be used for a prescription lens in specific frame. depends on ED of frame Minimum Blank Size Formula - ✔✔ M = ED + 2(d) + 2mm
where ED is effective diameter d is the decentration per lens 2 is plus 2 mm for extra area Bridge pressure - ✔✔ 90% of eyeglass weight too small bridge will cause irritation on the sides of the nose to large a bridge will put unnecessary pressure on the crest of the patients nose ear pressure - ✔✔ 90% of adjustment to make it feel comfortable inverted triangle face shape - ✔✔ consider getting frames slightly wider than your forehead for balance. Glasses with detailing on the lower portion of the frames are also a good option. Oval face shape - ✔✔ any dark or light colored frames that are as wide as the broadest part of your face. Also, it is best to avoid any oversized frames. Round face shape - ✔✔ stay away from rounded glasses and short frames. Instead, look for frames that will give contrast to your face such as square or angular shaped frames. Square face shape - ✔✔ dark colored frames and oval eyeglasses to add contrast to your strong facial features. Consider staying away from geometric and square shaped frames and avoid any light colored frames. rectangle face shape - ✔✔ soften your angular lines with rounder frames that are a little thinner. Also ensure the width of the frames is a little wider than your cheekbones. ANSI - ✔✔ American National Standards Institute: A private, non-profit organization that coordinates the development and use of voluntary consensus standards in the United States. ASTM - ✔✔ American Society for Testing and Materials
