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ABO Practical exam-with 100% verified solutions- 2023 -
Single Vision corrects for one distance Multifocal Corrects with two or more prescriptions (or 'powers') Bifocal lens having two focus strengths Trifocal pertaining to having three focus strengths Calculating Prismatic Effects obtained at the center of an optical lens by producing a difference in edge thickness, either by grinding the back surface at an angle to the front surface during lens surfacing or, if the lens has sufficient power, de-centering the optical center of the lens Compounding Prism BI & BI BO & BO BU & BD Cancelling Prism BI & BO
BD & BD
BU & BU
Prentice's Rule P=hcm x D P=amount of prism created h= number of cm OC moved cm= centimeters (convert to mm, divide by 10) D= power in meridian with error Vertical Imbalance The difference in vertical prism power at the reading level in a pair of lenses. OC Height's by lens SV = 1/2 of B Progressive = Fitting cross FT = 5mm above segment Vertex Compensation A plus lens when moved farther from the eye gains in plus power Distance is 0 with CL because they are on the eye Vertex compensation Formula De= Dl/(1 + d xDl) De= diopter effective value of error created D/= lens power (given power)
Lens Measurement Devices lens clock, calipers, millimeter ruler, circumference gauge Lens Clock is used to measure the surface powers base curve of a lens Lens Calipers Measures thickness of lenses in mm Millimeter ruler measures interpupillary distance, or seg heights, or OC heights Circumference gauge For quick and accurate measurements of lenses or patterns. Corneal reflex Pupilometer for precisely measuring and digitally recording pupillary distances. Used for measuring of monocular and binocular Hand Tools Screwdrivers, needle-nose pliers, tweezers, files scratchless screwdriver
for working on drill mount or facetted lenses pickup screwdriver jaws with spring tension to hold screws while you put them in place, available with either type blade Big Brass screwdriver unscrew most screw, with a large brass handle plastic top screwdriver most popular and most dangerous Pad Popper used to remove snap-in nosepads without changing the alignment of the adjustable guard arms. the prongs are inserted behind the nosepad and in front of the nosepad box. a simple twist removes the pad Rimless mounting tool the hook is started at the hinge side of the nylon line that pulls around the lens. use caution, easy to chip lens eyewire sizing pliers used to check the size of the lens without damaging the barrels of the frame
B& L style adjusting pliers flat arm will work with pads whose mountings are flush against the pad European pad adjusting pliers designed specifically for screw and snap in type nosepad adjustment. box shaped indentation fits around the nosepad box. opposite jaw is curved to mimic the shape of the pad itself. curved arm is padded tp protect the pads when working with soft silicone pads temple angling pliers variety of jaw depths.used for adjusting the temples at hinge Nylon Eyewire forming pliers designed to form the eyewire of a metal frame to the curvature of the lens. can be used to curve the temple of the frame Nylon Jaw adjusting pliers especially good for adjusting metal frames and not marring the frame. great for two plier adjustments Tweezers great for working with tiny screws. useful for guiding nylon string (aka fishing line through small holes. available in different tip styles and grooves
self-closing tweezers holds screws perpendicular to the tweezer body, works well on nose pad screws Zyl File Used to file plastic frames, good for rapid removal of material pillar file perfect for flat filing screw finishing or riffle file files screws without filing the frame slit file or screw head file for cleaning and restoring the screw head slots round or rat tail files for cleaning out or enlarging holes Screw extractors
Vertical angle angle off vertical of a line down through the pad center as seen from the side Distometer An instrument for measuring vertex distance. Fitting traingle frame should touch at three points, the bridge and the skull at the crotch of each ear. the pressure at these points must be balanced and evenly distributed along the fullest possible contact area measuring bifocal segments from the bottom lid to the bevel of the frame measuring trifocal segments from the lower edge of the pupil to the bevel of the frame measuring progressive segments from the center of the pupil to the bottom of the frame A measurement
horizontal frame depth B measurement vertical frame depth DBL distance between lenses, smallest linear measurement between lenses ED effective diameter, twice the longest radius of the lens C- size The circumference of the lens Datum Line 180 line, reference point for measurements DBC distance between centers, also referred to as the frame PD or FPD MRP
consider getting frames slightly wider than your forehead for balance. Glasses with detailing on the lower portion of the frames are also a good option. Oval face shape any dark or light colored frames that are as wide as the broadest part of your face. Also, it is best to avoid any oversized frames. Round face shape stay away from rounded glasses and short frames. Instead, look for frames that will give contrast to your face such as square or angular shaped frames. Square face shape dark colored frames and oval eyeglasses to add contrast to your strong facial features. Consider staying away from geometric and square shaped frames and avoid any light colored frames. rectangle face shape soften your angular lines with rounder frames that are a little thinner. Also ensure the width of the frames is a little wider than your cheekbones. ANSI American National Standards Institute: A private, non-profit organization that coordinates the development and use of voluntary consensus standards in the United States.
ASTM
American Society for Testing and Materials EPA Environmental protection agency, an independent federal agency established to coordinate programs aimed at reducing pollution and protecting the environment OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration FDA Food and Drug Administration. The agency that is responsible for determining if a food or drug is safe and effective enough to be sold to the public. FTC Federal Trade Commission. Protects consumers from misleading and fraudulent advertising. Reviews advertising claims. Can order a company to change their ad
