Understanding Web Servers and Dynamic Web Pages: A Comprehensive Guide, Slides of Web Design and Development

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SERVER AND WEBSERVER AND WEB

PAGES PAGES

Kushagra, Ajeet Kumar Singh and Abhay Vishwakarma

 Web Server  Web Clients and Servers  Static and Dynamic web pages

• (^) Client side dynamic web page
• (^) Server side dynamic web page  Web Client server communication  Web server software  Web server architecture

 When an individual connects to the Internet to view a document, they become a client on the Webs client/server network  The client/server architecture is used for LANs, WANs and the Web.  Web servers typically have ◦ More memory ◦ (^) Larger and faster disk drives than client computers

 A static page is an unchanging page retrieved from a disk.  A dynamic web page is a web page that displays different content each time it's viewed.  static pages are delivered faster than dynamic pages.

Client side scriptingClient side scripting

Client side scripting refers to the programs that are executed on client-side. Client-side scripts contains the instruction for the browser to be executed in response to certain user’s action. Client-side scripting programs can be embedded into HTML files or also can be kept as separate files. Some Client side scripting languages are:- JavaScript, VBScript, Dart and ActionScript

Client side scripting

Server side scripting

 When a Web Client requests a page from a Web server the following occurs ◦ (^) The request is converted into HTTP by the browser and sent to the Web Server ◦ (^) The Server receives the request and retrieves the information requested by the Client ◦ (^) The Server formats the information using HTTP and sends it back to the Client ◦ (^) The Client displays the information in the browser.

 The most popular public Web server programs today are ( January 2021 survey ):

• (^) Nginx ( 33.33 % )
• (^) Apache HTTP Server ( 26.38 % )
• (^) Microsoft Internet Information Server ( 7.49 % )

 Nginx is a web server that can also be used as a reverse proxy, load balancer, mail proxy and HTTP cache.  Nginx can be deployed to serve dynamic HTTP content on the network using FastCGI, SCGI handlers for scripts.  Nginx features: ◦ (^) Ability to handle more than 10,000 simultaneous connections with a low memory usage. ◦ (^) Handling of static files, index files and auto-indexing ◦ (^) Name- and IP address-based virtual servers. ◦ (^) Ipv6 compatible.

 Nginx was written with an explicit goal of outperforming the Apache web server. Nginx uses much less memory than Apache, and can handle roughly four times as many requests per second.  However, this performance boost comes at a cost of decreased flexibility, such as the ability to override systemwide access settings on a per-file basis (Apache accomplishes this with an .htaccess file, while Nginx has no such feature built in).

 (^) Server farms refer to large (hundreds, or thousands) of Web servers used to handle daily traffic on large Web sites  (^) A Centralised architecture uses a few very large and very fast computers  A Distributed/decentralised architecture uses a larger number of less powerful computers

 The Distributed/decentralized architecture: ◦ (^) Spreads the risk over a large number of servers. Additional hubs and switches are required to link the servers together and to the Internet. ◦ (^) These sites might also use load-balancing systems which are an additional cost.

 A load-balancing switch: ◦ (^) A piece of network hardware that monitors the workload of servers attached to it. ◦ (^) Assigns incoming web traffic to the server with the most available capacity at the given time.