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Biology Test Prep: Key Concepts and Definitions for Algonquin College HPAT, Exams of Biology

A concise overview of essential biological concepts, definitions, and terms relevant to the algonquin college hpat (health professions aptitude test). It covers key topics such as cell structure, transport mechanisms, biomolecules, and basic biochemical processes. Designed to serve as a quick reference guide for students preparing for the hpat, offering a foundation in fundamental biological principles.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 04/03/2025

SERENAWILLIAMS
SERENAWILLIAMS 🇺🇸

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AC HPAT Algonquin College Test Prep Biology | Actual
Questions and Answers 100% Correct| Latest Update
2024
active transport ✔✔movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower
concentration to a region of higher concentrationagainst the concentration gradient. Active
transport requires cellular energy to achieve this movement.
passive transport ✔✔Requires NO energy, movement of molecules from high to low
concentration, moves with the concentration gradient
covalent bond ✔✔A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a
molecule
ionic bond ✔✔Linkage formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
in a chemical compound. Such a bond forms when the valence (outermost) electrons of one atom
are transferred permanently to another atom.
allosteric bond ✔✔The regulation of an enzyme by binding an effector molecule at a site other
than the enzyme's active site.
Substrate ✔✔reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction
substrate-enzyme complex ✔✔The substrate connects to the enzyme to perform chemical
reactions. It connects to the enzyme at the active site.
substrate enzyme inhibition ✔✔the substrate or product of an enzyme reaction inhibit the
enzyme's activity.
Carbohydrates ✔✔Are sugar molecules- our body breaks down carbohydrates into glucose.
Glucose, or blood sugar, is the main source of energy for your body's cells, tissues, and organs.
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AC HPAT Algonquin College Test Prep Biology | Actual

Questions and Answers 100% Correct| Latest Update

active transport ✔✔movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration—against the concentration gradient. Active transport requires cellular energy to achieve this movement.

passive transport ✔✔Requires NO energy, movement of molecules from high to low concentration, moves with the concentration gradient

covalent bond ✔✔A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule

ionic bond ✔✔Linkage formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound. Such a bond forms when the valence (outermost) electrons of one atom are transferred permanently to another atom.

allosteric bond ✔✔The regulation of an enzyme by binding an effector molecule at a site other than the enzyme's active site.

Substrate ✔✔reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction

substrate-enzyme complex ✔✔The substrate connects to the enzyme to perform chemical reactions. It connects to the enzyme at the active site.

substrate enzyme inhibition ✔✔the substrate or product of an enzyme reaction inhibit the enzyme's activity.

Carbohydrates ✔✔Are sugar molecules- our body breaks down carbohydrates into glucose. Glucose, or blood sugar, is the main source of energy for your body's cells, tissues, and organs.

Proteins ✔✔Chains of amino acids

Lipids ✔✔Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

nucleic acids ✔✔Nucleic acids are naturally occurring chemical compounds that serve as the primary information-carrying molecules in cells. The two main classes of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).

Lysosomes ✔✔An organelle containing digestive enzymes

Vacuole ✔✔Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

Mitochondria ✔✔Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production

Ribosomes ✔✔a cellular particle made of RNA and protein that serves as the site for protein synthesis in the cell.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ✔✔An endomembrane system where lipids are synthesized, calcium levels are regulated, and toxic substances are broken down.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum ✔✔System of internal membranes within the cytoplasm. Membranes are rough due to the presence of ribosomes. functions in transport of substances such as proteins within the cytoplasm

Golgi apparatus ✔✔stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum

Exocytosis ✔✔a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane.