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AC-HPAT PREP CHEMISTRY
WITH 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
"Lysosomes are known to contain more than 60 different enzymes. Where are they synthesised? -
CORRECT ANSWER The rough endoplasmic reticulum"
"Which of the following is associated with the production and metabolism of fats and steroid hormones
within the cell? - CORRECT ANSWER The smooth endoplasmic reticulum."
"Processing and packaging macromolecules, such as proteins and lipids, is the primary function of which of
the following organelles? - CORRECT ANSWER The Golgi apparatus."
"After full inspiration, the 'forced vital capacity' is a measure of? - CORRECT ANSWER The volume of air
forcibly blown out."
"What is a proton? - CORRECT ANSWER a stable subatomic particle occurring in all atomic nuclei, with a
positive electric charge equal in magnitude to that of an electron, but of opposite sign."
"What is an ionic bond? - CORRECT ANSWER The attractive electrostatic forces between a cation and an
anion."
"What is a covalent bond? - CORRECT ANSWER A type of bond formed when two atoms share one or
more pairs of electrons to acheive an octet of electrons."
"What is electronegativity? - CORRECT ANSWER The ability of an atom in a bond to attract the electron
density more than the other atom(s) in the bond."
"What is a dipole? - CORRECT ANSWER The result of a covalent bond between two atoms of different
electronegativities."
"What is an isomer? - CORRECT ANSWER A compound with the same molecular formula as another
compound, but a different molecular structure."
"What is an alcohol? - CORRECT ANSWER An organic compound characterized by the presence of a
hydroxyl functional group; -OH." "True or False: Avogadro's number acts as the conversion factor for converting between the number of
moles in a sample and the number of molecules in the sample. - CORRECT ANSWER True."
“Most of the cell membrane's specific functions are controlled by: - CORRECT ANSWER Proteins"
"What are the small spherical bodies within a cell where proteins are assembled according to genetic
instructions? - CORRECT ANSWER Ribosomes"
"What is the structural and functional unit of life? - CORRECT ANSWER The cell"
"What is a prokaryotic cell? - CORRECT ANSWER A cell that lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound
organelles"
"What is a eukaryotic cell? - CORRECT ANSWER A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound
organelles"
"What is anaerobic respiration? - CORRECT ANSWER A form of cellular respiration that does not involve
oxygen."
"What is aerobic respiration? - CORRECT ANSWER Form of cellular respiration which requires oxygen to
generate energy."
"Name the four types of transport that allow small molecules to move across the cell membrane: -
CORRECT ANSWER Diffusion, Osmosis, Active Transport, and Passive Transport."
"Prokaryotes often reproduce by: - CORRECT ANSWER Binary Fission"
"What is a haploid cell? - CORRECT ANSWER A cell that contains one set of chromosomes"
"What is a diploid cell? - CORRECT ANSWER A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes"
"What is chromatin? - CORRECT ANSWER The substance of which eukaryotic chromosomes are
composed, consisting of mostly proteins, DNA, and RNA."
"What is a centriole? - CORRECT ANSWER a cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells,
occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division."
"What is a chromosome? - CORRECT ANSWER A structure carrying genes is a linear sequence, found in
the nucleus, consisting of DNA and protein."
"What is DNA? - CORRECT ANSWER A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of
replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins. It makes up the genetic material of most living organisms and plays a role in determining heredity."
"What is a virus? - CORRECT ANSWER A virus is a parasite that can only produce within a living host cell."
"What are the two cycles of viral reproduction? - CORRECT ANSWER The Lytic Cycle and Lysogenic
Cycle."
"What is the lytic cycle? - CORRECT ANSWER The reprodyuctive cycle of viruses that end in the death of
the host."
"What is the lysogenic cycle? - CORRECT ANSWER The reproductive cycle of a virus, which coexists with
the host rather than killing it."
"What is photosynthesis? - CORRECT ANSWER The process by which light energy, captured by the
chloroplasts of plants, is converted to chemical energy."
"What is the ploem? - CORRECT ANSWER A vascular tissue that transports sugars from leaves
throughout the rest of the plant."
"What is the xylem? - CORRECT ANSWER A vascular tissue that transports water and dissolved mineral
nutrients from the roots to other parts of the plant."
"What is a gymnosperm? - CORRECT ANSWER A plant that produces unprotected seeds."
"What is an angiosperm? - CORRECT ANSWER A type of flowering plant."
"The sticky tip of the carpel of a flower, which receives the pollen, is called the: - CORRECT ANSWER
Stigma"
"The major sites of photosynthesis in most plants are the: - CORRECT ANSWER Leaves"
"The majority of primary producers in an ecosystem are: - CORRECT ANSWER Autotrophs"
"The aorta is indicated by number: - CORRECT ANSWER 7"
"pulmonary artery - CORRECT ANSWER 8"
"Inferior Vena Cava - CORRECT ANSWER 4"
"pulmonary valve is indicated by number: - CORRECT ANSWER 5"
"Tricuspid Valve - CORRECT ANSWER 3"
"The superior vena cava is indicated by number: - CORRECT ANSWER 1"
"Aorta - CORRECT ANSWER 7"
"The right atrium is indicated by number: - CORRECT ANSWER 2"
"Right ventricle - CORRECT ANSWER 6"
"Left atrium - CORRECT ANSWER 9"
"Pulmonary vein - CORRECT ANSWER 10"
"Bicuspid/Mitral Valve - CORRECT ANSWER 11"
"Left Ventricle - CORRECT ANSWER 12"
"Aortic Valve - CORRECT ANSWER 13"
"How many chambers does the human heart have? - CORRECT ANSWER Four"
"Which blood vessel provides oxygenated blood? - CORRECT ANSWER The aorta."
"Which type of vessel contains valves? - CORRECT ANSWER Veins"
"What is the function of a valve in a vein? - CORRECT ANSWER To prevent reverse bloodflow"
"Which vessels supply the heart with blood? - CORRECT ANSWER The coronary arteries"
"A blood clot in the brain can cause which event? - CORRECT ANSWER A stroke."
"Why is blood clotting essential? - CORRECT ANSWER To reduce blood loss."
"Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the heart? - CORRECT ANSWER The pulmonary artery."
"Where does the right ventricle pump blood to? - CORRECT ANSWER The lungs"
"What is it called when plaque builds up in the arteries? - CORRECT ANSWER Artheriosclerosis."
"What is plasma? - CORRECT ANSWER The liquid component of blood."
"Ribosomes link amino acids together to form polypeptide chains according to instructions from -
CORRECT ANSWER The mRNA."
"The energy generated by the mitochondria is carried to where it's required within the cell by molecules
of: - CORRECT ANSWER ATP"
"Which type of organelle is used within the cell to ingest extracellular fluid and and molecules? -
CORRECT ANSWER Pinocytosis Vesicles."
"Saliva contains the enzyme amylase, which breaks down which compound? - CORRECT ANSWER
Starch."
"The gallbladder releases which substance? - CORRECT ANSWER Bile"
"At what pH range is gastric acid maintained? - CORRECT ANSWER 1-3"
"What is the name of the muscular process for moving food down the oesophagus? - CORRECT ANSWER
Peristalsis."
"Where does the absorption of water occur? - CORRECT ANSWER In the large intestine."
"Proteins are degraded by which enzyme? - CORRECT ANSWER Pepsin"
"Lipase degrades which group of compounds? - CORRECT ANSWER Fats."
"Where does protein degradation take place? - CORRECT ANSWER In the stomach."
"What is the oesophagus made of? - CORRECT ANSWER Smooth cartilidge."
"What gas is a waste product of respiration? - CORRECT ANSWER Carbon dioxide."
"How is waste carbon dioxide expelled from the body? - CORRECT ANSWER Through expiration."
"Which substance is another by-product of cellular respiration? - CORRECT ANSWER Water."
"What is the correct branching order into the lungs? - CORRECT ANSWER Trachea, bronchi,
bronchioles."
"What is the main purpose of respiration? - CORRECT ANSWER To sustain life."
"What are cilia? - CORRECT ANSWER Hair-like projections on cell surfaces."
"What are alveoli? - CORRECT ANSWER Air sacs in the lungs."
"What substance builds up in muscle during anaerobic exercise? - CORRECT ANSWER Lactic acid."
"Which of these is a substrate for cellular respiration? - CORRECT ANSWER Glucose."
"What is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere? - CORRECT ANSWER Nitrogen."
"Which gas is crucial to all the body's cells? - CORRECT ANSWER Oxygen."
"Contraction of the diaphragm causes which action to take place? - CORRECT ANSWER Inspiration."
"Which compound in the blood carries oxygen around the body? - CORRECT ANSWER Haemoglobin."
"Which structures ensures that the trachea is kept open? - CORRECT ANSWER Cartilaginous rings."
"What is the function of the cilia in the trachea? - CORRECT ANSWER To waft foreign particles up the
windpipe."
"What causes hiccups? - CORRECT ANSWER Spasms in the diaphragm."
"What function does the mucus in the trachea serve? - CORRECT ANSWER To trap foreign particles."
"What is the function of the epiglottis? - CORRECT ANSWER To prevent food from going down the
trachea."
"What does the pressure in the lungs do during expiration? - CORRECT ANSWER It increases."
"What causes an oxygen debt in the body? - CORRECT ANSWER Anaerobic exercise."
"What is an atom? - CORRECT ANSWER An atom is the basic unit of an element. It is composed of a
nucleus and one or more electrons moving around it."
"What is an electron? - CORRECT ANSWER A negatively charged subatomic particle."
"The number of protons in an atom indicates: - CORRECT ANSWER The atomic number."
"What is the mass number? - CORRECT ANSWER The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the
atom."
"What is an ionic compound? - CORRECT ANSWER A compound formed by combining an anion and a
cation."
"What is a hydrogen bond? - CORRECT ANSWER A weak bonf that forms between dipoles of consecutive
polar molecules or polar groups of macromolecules, such as proteins and DNA."
"The bond between oxygen and hydrogen atoms in a water molecule is: - CORRECT ANSWER A polar
covalent bond."
"The type of bond formed between two molecules of water is: - CORRECT ANSWER A hydrogen bond."
"To acquire an outer octet, an atom of element 19 has to: - CORRECT ANSWER Lose an electron (and
acquire a charge of +1)."
"The most common ions of the elements of group 2 have electrical charges of: - CORRECT ANSWER -1."
"Organic Chemistry is the study of compounds containing: - CORRECT ANSWER Carbon."
"Alkynes must contain: - CORRECT ANSWER One triple bond."
"Carbohydrates are compounds containing: - CORRECT ANSWER Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen."
"What type of alcohol can be oxidized to form a Ketone? - CORRECT ANSWER 2-butanol."
"Name the compound Cu2O using the traditional method. (2 is a subscript) - CORRECT ANSWER Cuprous
oxide." "What is the effect of the presence of an —OH group or an
—NH group? - CORRECT ANSWER They enable halogen bonding and increase solubility in polar
substances."
"List three types of hydrocarbons: - CORRECT ANSWER Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes."
"What is an alkane? - CORRECT ANSWER A saturated hydrocarbon containing only single bonds between
carbon atoms."
"What is an Alkene? - CORRECT ANSWER An unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains at least one carbon-
carbon double bond."
"What is an alkyne? - CORRECT ANSWER An unsaturated carbon that contains at least one carbon-
carbon triple bond."
"What is an aromatic hydrocarbon? - CORRECT ANSWER A compound with a structure based on
benzene: a ring of six carbon atoms."
"Since 12-C's molar mass is 12 grams, 48 grams of 12-C atoms would be equal to ____ moles. - CORRECT
ANSWER 4."
"The International Committee for Weights and Measures (ICWM) defines one mole as the number of
atoms in exactly: - CORRECT ANSWER 12g of Carbon-12."
"Molar mass is a numerical value that represents ______. - CORRECT ANSWER The mass of a substance
divided by the amount of that substance."
"True or False: An element's molar mass and atomic weight are always equal. - CORRECT ANSWER
False."
"Alcoholic Fermentation is a form of: - CORRECT ANSWER Anaerobic Respiration"
"Phagocytosis is a form of: - CORRECT ANSWER Endocytosis"
"What is a pyruvate? - CORRECT ANSWER Pyruvate is an important chemical compound in biochemistry.
It is the output of the metabolism of glucose known as glycolysis. One molecule of glucose breaks down into two molecules of pyruvate, which are then used to provide further energy, in one of two ways."
"What is cellular respiration? - CORRECT ANSWER A catabolic pathway for the production of ATP, in
which sometimes oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with an organic fuel. At times, the process proceeds without oxygen, but this is less efficient."
"What is binary fission? - CORRECT ANSWER A form of asexual reproduction in which the parent divides
into two identical halves."
"What is cytokinesis? - CORRECT ANSWER The division of cytoplasm into two identical daughter cells,
which occurs during the telophase stage of mitosis."
"What is transcription? - CORRECT ANSWER Transcription is the process by which the information in a
strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). ... This complex initiates transcription, and the RNA polymerase begins mRNA synthesis by matching complementary bases to the original DNA strand."
"What is translation? - CORRECT ANSWER Translation is the process by which a protein is synthesized
from the information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). Translation occurs in a structure called the ribosome, which is a factory for the synthesis of proteins"
"What are the three categories of symbiotic relationships? - CORRECT ANSWER Mutualism,
Commensalism, and Parasitism"
