Acids and Bases Problems with Answers - General Chemistry II, Exercises of Chemistry

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OO Chem 210 vasperse Ch. 16 Handouts 1 Ch. 16 Acids and Bases | —— Arid/base character (pH) of a solution has enormous impact _ lake biosystem (acid rain) b farming/gardening (soil pH, alkalinity, etc) c. rusting/corrosion d. biology” * cells, proteins, blood, enzymes, hormones need very tight pH control ¢ Most bio reaction mechanisms involve H‘ transfer > [H"] has huge impact on rates 16.1 Bronsted-Lowry Concept of Acids/Bases Bronsted-Lowry Definition | Lewis Definition Acid | © donor . | | Lone-pair acceptor Base | y7@® Lone-pair donor - | | | H~ acceptor - jen p ms egt) ugate | Crvon"y ) | | Acid and water: — HCl + Ho > ° £40 D4 {Oo - — Acid has? —— aie A Ht dicy itt accefky : J Pr Weal Base and water: ~ NH; + == HO So + NH4 © ba ve rahe se = qed L* dovev HE aceepicy Ht slonev Notes: 1. An acid loses an H© and gets more negative | Conga | © A neutral acid becomes an anion after loss of H© Hcal>clO | * A cationic acid becomes neutral after loss of H #30 © > 1,0 2. A base gains an H ® and gets more positive | | * A neutral base becomes a cation after gain of H @ Hi © NH; > NH,© ¢ An anionic base becomes neutral after gain of H © | HO+ 90 OH tho The change in either charge or number of H’s can help identify whether a chemical i is | | functioning as an acid or a base. | | 3. . Every base needs a lone pair which gets used to bond to the new hydrogen ¢ The two electrons involved i in the new bond to hydrogen always come from an electron pair on the base | | Water as Acid: Some Other Base Uses a Lone Water as Base: Uses an Oxygen Lone Pair Pair to Steal An H from Water. () aes ; - — oe . : H _ H ® H He : He H ao a ar 4. Water can function as either a base (accepting an H© when an acid ; is placed in water) or as an acid (donating an H ® when a base is placed in water)