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ACSM Certified Exercise Physiologist Exam Questions and Answers, Exams of Physiology

A comprehensive set of questions and answers related to the acsm certified exercise physiologist exam. It covers key concepts in exercise physiology, including physical activity, exercise, physical fitness, metabolic pathways, vo2 max, cardiorespiratory fitness, musculoskeletal injuries, and exercise intensity. The document also includes definitions of important terms and concepts, such as mets, kilocalories, and pre-participation screenings. It is a valuable resource for individuals preparing for the acsm certified exercise physiologist exam.

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2024/2025

Available from 02/12/2025

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ACSM Certified Exercise Physiologist Exam
Questions And Accurate Answers
Physical Activity - Answer Any bodily movement produced by contracting skeletal
muscles, with an increase of energy expenditure.
Exercise - Answer Planned, purposeful, repetitive
Physical Fitness - Answer Attributes or characteristics that individuals have achieved
that related to their ability to perform physical activity
3 metabolic pathways the body uses to creates ATP - Answer 1. Creatine Phosphate
2. anaerobic glycolysis
3. 0xidative system
Claudication -Answer pain in the leg is induced by exercise, usually because of an artery
obstruction.
Creatine Phosphate system -Answer Small amounts of CP are stored within each cell.
Simple one to one trade off that allows for the rapid production of ATP. ONLY for use
during short bouts of exercise. less that 10 seconds.
Anaerobic glycolysis -Answer No oxygen required. NExt most immediate energy source.
break down carbs (glucose or glycogen) into pyruvate. Used during medium-duration
exercise. no more than about 90 seconds.
Aerobic glycolysis (oxidative system) - Answer Oxygen dependent. As exercise intensity
decreases allowing for longer duration activities, use of the oxidative system increases.
(Krebs cycle and ETC). Produce ATP in the mitochondria of the cell--requires oxygen.
Lasts longer than 1-2 minutes.
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ACSM Certified Exercise Physiologist Exam

Questions And Accurate Answers

Physical Activity - Answer Any bodily movement produced by contracting skeletal muscles, with an increase of energy expenditure.

Exercise - Answer Planned, purposeful, repetitive

Physical Fitness - Answer Attributes or characteristics that individuals have achieved that related to their ability to perform physical activity

3 metabolic pathways the body uses to creates ATP - Answer 1. Creatine Phosphate

  1. anaerobic glycolysis
  2. 0xidative system

Claudication -Answer pain in the leg is induced by exercise, usually because of an artery obstruction.

Creatine Phosphate system -Answer Small amounts of CP are stored within each cell. Simple one to one trade off that allows for the rapid production of ATP. ONLY for use during short bouts of exercise. less that 10 seconds.

Anaerobic glycolysis -Answer No oxygen required. NExt most immediate energy source. break down carbs (glucose or glycogen) into pyruvate. Used during medium-duration exercise. no more than about 90 seconds.

Aerobic glycolysis (oxidative system) - Answer Oxygen dependent. As exercise intensity decreases allowing for longer duration activities, use of the oxidative system increases. (Krebs cycle and ETC). Produce ATP in the mitochondria of the cell--requires oxygen. Lasts longer than 1-2 minutes.

What is VO2? - Answer The volume of oxygen the body consumes. VO2 max is the highest volume of oxygen the body can consume.

Stroke Volume - Fill in the volume of blood the heart ejects with each beat.

How does SV increase with workload? - Answer Similar to HR, it increases as workload increases but only up to ~40% to 60% of VO2max. The percentages can be decreases in sedentary individuals and increased with training.

What happens to resting HR as stroke volume increases? -Answer it decreases as more blood being pumped per beat allows heart to beat less often.

What is cardiac output? -Answer a measure of blood pumped per minute. Product of stroke volume and heart rate.

What does Diastolic Blood pressure due during exercise? -Answer remains stable or decreases slightly.

What is rate pressure product? -Answer is an estimate of myocardial oxygen demand. Product of HR and Systolic BP. HR X SBP

What is Fick equation that is used to find out VO2 max? -Answer VO2max = HRmax X SVmax X aVO2 difference max (arteriovenous oxygen difference)

What is the gold standard measure Cardiorespiratory fitness? -Answer VO2 max during open circuit spirometry.

How does a submaximal exercise test work? - Answer It estimates VO2 max from the HR response to submaximal single stage or graded exercise.

reaction time - Answer the time between stimulation and the start of the reaction to said stimulus

speed- Answer the ability to perform a movement in a short amount of time

The weekly/daily physical activity recommendations of ACSM - Answer 150 minutes Moderate PA per week, (30 min or more most days of the week), 75 minutes of vigorous intensity

Can most sedentary individuals safely begin a low-to moderate intensity PA Program without the need for baseline testing or medical clearance? - Answer Yes indeed

Most common musculoskeletal injuries occur in what area of the body? - Answer lower body- particularly the knee or foot

Who is most at risk for sudden cardiac death? - Answer Sedentary individuals performing infrequent exercise

Light PA is defined as - Answer <3 MET's

Moderate PA is defined as - Answer 3 to <6 MET's

Vigorous PA is defined as - Answer >/=6 MET's

What is 1 MET? Why do we use METs? - Answer 1 MET = the relative oxygen consumption at rest. or, 3.5 mL per kg per minute. It is a simple way for the general public to estimate their exercise intensity. Also used to calculate energy expenditure over time.

What is a kilocalorie? what is it also known as? - Answer AKA: Calorie. estimate of

energy cost that can be directly related to physical activity and exercise. Weight gain, loss and maintenance can be estimated remembering that 3,500kcal =1 lb of fat.

Is the ACSM's weekly recommended PA sufficient to prevent weight gain in the typical american lifestyle? - Answer Hell na! They must go beyond these recommendations.

Two forms of pre-participation self-guided screenings - Answer 1. PAR-Q (physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire)

2.Fitness Facility Pre-participation screening questionnaire

What is the PAR-Q? Limitation? - Answer A minimal standard for entry into Moderate-intensity exercise programs. allows individuals to gauge their own medical readiness to participate. does not screen well for those at low to moderate risk.

What is a pre-participation screening questionnaire? - Answer Also helpful for customer to determine health readiness. More detailed and acknowledges signs and symptoms of CVD and other risk-factor thresholds.

What are the ACSM Coronary Artery Risk factors? Age (Men 45 and older women 55 and older), Family History (MI, coronary revascularization or sudden death before 55 in father and 65 in mother or first degree relative), Smoker (current or quit within the last 6 months), Sedentary (no PA in at least 30 minutes of MPA at least 3 days per week for the last 3 months), Obesity (BMI 30 or over, or waist girth >40in for men and >35in for women), Hypertension (SBP 140 or more and/or DBP 90 or more confirmed on 2 seperate occasions), Dyslipidemia (LDL 130 or more OR HDL <40. OR on lipid lowering meds), Prediabetes (Impaired FBG between 100 and 125.)

What is the negative risk factor? HDL value of greater than or equal to 60. (this is reverse cholesterol transport and reduces the risk of CVD)

Dyspnea What is the definition of this term? Shortness of breath

Orthopnea What does this term mean? trouble breathing while lying down

Stage 1 hypertension? - Answer 140-159 SBP and 90-99 DBP

Stage 2 hypertension? - Answer 160 + SBP 100+ DBP

Optimal LDL, total cholesterol, HDL, and triglyceride levels? - Answer LDL: <

HDL: <

Triglyceride: <

TOTAL: <

3 assesments for muscular endurance - Answer 1. Bench press

  1. Curl up
  2. push up

twitch - Answer When a motor unit is stimulated by a single nerve impulse

tetanus - Answer motor unit stimulated constantly

summation-the motor unit receives more than 1 stimulus

What is the SAID principle? What is it dependant on? - Answer The specificity principle. Specific exercise elicits specific adaptations, creating specific training effects. (Specific Adaptations to Imposed Demands). Dependant on the TYPE and MODE of exercise. Example: a client wants to improve their time in an endurance run, you select training stimulus that is appropriate.

7 ways of determining exercise intensity - Solution 1. Heart rate reserve method.

  1. Peak HR method
  2. Peak VO2. method
  3. Peak METs method
  1. VO2 reserve method
  2. Talk test method
  3. RPE method

(HRR) Heart rate reserve method KARVONEN FORMULA - Solution The difference between max HR and resting HR.

Target HR = [(max HR -resting HR) X %intensity desired] + Resting HR.

Peak HR method - Answer 220-age = max HR. (SD of 12-15 BPM)

Target HR = max HR X % intensity desired

Peak VO2 method - Answer must have measured or estimated VO2max.

Target VO2 = VO2max X intensity desired

Peak METs method - Answer Target METs = (%intensity desired)(VO2max in METS -1) +

VO2 reserve method

What is VO2 reserve? - Answer VO2 reserve is the difference between VO2 max and VO2 rest. [lab measurement]

Desired VO2 reserve = [(VO2max - VO2 rest) x %intensity desired] + VO2rest

Talk test method - Answer differentiates between moderate and vigorous activity. If they can talk, but not sing it is moderate. If they are unable to say more than a few words without pausing for a breath it is vigourous.

Borg's RPE scale. What level is recommended to improve cardiorespiratory fitness? - Answer ranges from 6 to 20. from no exertion at all to maximal exertion. 11 to 16 to improve CRF.

What is the CR-10 scale of exertion? (Borg's category ratio scale) - Answer scale of 0 to

  1. in which 0 is sitting and 10 is max effort possible. 5-6 is mod. 7-8 is vig.

Extrinsic risk factors to injury - Answer Excessive load on the body

Type or speed of movement

number of reps

footwear

surface

training errors

excessive distances

fast progression

high intensity

running on hills

poor technique

fatigue

environment conditions

Exercise in heat yields? (relate to HR as well) - Answer Dehydration risk, increased blood flow to the skin (away from working muscles), HIGHER HR values.

Exercise in the cold yields? - Answer Vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the skin, HR and cardiac output are similar to thermoneutral environment, wearing bulky clothing is a barrier, Respiratory rate is higher and VO2 max may be slightly lower. Some individuals may perceive exercise to be more difficult in the cold

Exercise in high altitude - Answer "thin air" same amount of oxygen in the air at ALL elevations. It is the change in barometric pressure that causes the PO2 to decrease. SV decreases and HR increases during first initial days. Can safely assume that there will have to be a dramatic decrease in intensity and duration of activities.

acclimatization vs. acclimation - Answer acclimatization - Physiological adaptation that occurs in response to a change in the "natural" environment.

acclimation - physiological adaptation that occurs in response to EXPERIMENTALLY induced changes in climate.

Heat acclimatization, cold acclimatization, altitude acclimatization benefits - Answer Heat- lower core body temp, skin temp, high sweat rate, lower HR, lower perception of effort, improved conservation of sodium. (recommended 10 consecutive days in heat)

cold- maintain heat production by means beside shivering, maintenance of hand and feet temperatures.

altitude- Increases O2 carrying capacity in the blood. (Erythropoiesis, production of additional RBC) "live high" "train low" Benefits last up to 3 weeks.

Smallest contractile unit of a muscle - Answer Sarcomere

Type I fibers - Answer Slow twitch fibers. Lower contractile force. better for endurance activities

Type II fibers Fast twitch fibers. Greater contractile force. optimal for strength and power activities.

Which of the following types of muscle fibers are recruited first? Type I then Type II. as force production increases.

first basic measurement of muscular strength and change in muscular strength across clients (calculation) = (kg) weight lifted / (kg) body weight

What is a 1RM? Multiple RM? What equipment is to be used? -Answer 1 RM is the heaviest weight that can be lifted in 1 rep. by using proper form and technique. STANDARD muscular strength assessment. multiple RM can provide an index of change over time. Performance is significantly greater on weight machines than free weights. Allow 3 to 5 minutes between trials. Obtain 1RM within 4 sets.

Muscular endurance assessments. How would you decide which test to administer depending on the client? - Answer Curl-up and push up test. Depending on what the client needs. (poor ab strength is thought to contribute to low back pain.

responses.

Resistance training program variables. - Choice of exercise- encourage balance across joints and between opposing muscle groups.

Order of exercise- Total body-perform more challenging first and large muscle groups first

Resistance Load Used- Most important variables. performed to muscle fatigue but not exhaustion.

Training Volume- number of exercises performed per session, reps performed per set, number of sets performed per exercise all influence training volume.

Rest intervals between sets- muscular strength rest 2-3min, muscular endurance rest <1min

repetition velocity- as individuals gain experience they may perform higher-velocity movements.

Training Frequency- 2-3 x per week.

Periodization- regularly changing the training stimulus to keep it effective.

4 types of flexibility training -Answer 1. Static-most common. slow constant motion held to the point of mild discomfort.

Ballistic- rapid bouncing movements. This is utilized by coaches for athletes to enhance blood flow prior to competition. It is contraindicated.

PNF (proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation)- a combination of passive stretching combined with concentric and isometric. Requires partner. GTO plays an important role.

Dynamic flexibility- slow controlled movements, sport specific that increase core temperature- relate to type of activity.

Muscle spindles - cluster of 3 to 10 muscle fibers innervated by a motor neuron. Supply information regarding rate of change in a muscle.

Golgi Tendon Organs- Located at the musculotendinous junction. Respond to changes in muscle tension.

Explain myotatic reflex reciprocal inhibition. - Answer Myotatic reflex "stretch reflex" occurs in the stretched muscle by attempting to resist the stretch. Muscle spindles monitor muscle length. Helps keep us upright.

What is reciprocal inhibition? - Answer *The antagonist muscle responds with reciprocal inhibition. Causes antagonist to contract less as the agonist contracts.

Flexibility assesments - Answer Goniometers

Sit and reach tests: these are commonly used for lower back and hip joint flexibility.

Functional movement screen

Flexibility program designs - Answer Flexibility gains are lost within 4 to 6 weeks of quitting exercises. 2-3 x per week for at least 3-4 weeks may be required. Do these exercises when the body is warm. hold to mild discomfort. NO link between ROM training and prevention of lowback pain or muscle soreness.

Central abdominal obesity is associated with. - Answer metabolic syndrome.

metabolic syndrome - Answer a clustering of metabolic factors that enhance the risk of cardiorespiratory disease.

anthropometric measures - Answer non-invasive and quantitative methods of assessing body size, which involve the measurement of specific dimensions of the body.

anthropometric techniques for evaluating body composition - Answer BMI- a measure of weight relative to height.

Waist circumference

Skinfolds

WHR

How to compute BMI. Limitations of BMI? - Answer weight (kg)/height (meters squared).

very high) - Answer Women:

very low <70cm

Low 70-89cm

High 90-110cm

Very high >

Men

very low <80cm

Low 80-9cm

High 100-120cm

Very high >

standard circumference sites - Answer Abdomen

Arm

*Buttox/hip

Calf

Forearm

Hips/thigh

Mid-thigh

*Waist

% body fat methods. What is the % for men and women that is considered satisfactory for health? - Answer Skinfold measurements

Bioelectrical Impedance

Lab measures of body composition - Answer Hydrostatic weighing- uses body volume to estimate body density

Air displacement plethysmography- body volume measured.

DEXA- x- ray to measure bone mineral content, body fat, and lean soft tissue.

what does hydrostatic weighing assume - Answer standard densities for muscle bone and fat

9 skinfold measurements. Principle behind skinfold measurements

+- 3.5% error

Tension set at ~12 g/mm-2 - Answer Abdominal

Triceps

Biceps

Chest/pectoral

Medial calf

Midaxillary

Subscapular

Suprailiac

Thigh

*the amount of subcutaneous fat is proportional to the total amount of body fat.

skin folds

diagonal skinfolds - Answer Chest, suprailiac, subscapular; all other skinfolds are vertical

Procedures for skinfolds - Answer measure all on the right side of the body

pinch with thumb and index finger 1cm away from the center mark

wait 1-2 sec before reading the caliper

measure perpendicular to the skinfold.

7 site formula sites - Answer chest, midaxillary, triceps, subscapular, abdomen,

normal regulatory balance and body function at rest. Also referred to as basal energy expenditure. The amount of calories an individual would use if they wished to do absolutely nothing all day long.

LBM can impact it, as it is the more metabolically active compared to fat.

thermic effect of food- energy needed to consume and digest food. The more physically active, the greater their metabolism TEE

recommended 1-2lbs/week weight loss in calories- Answer 1 pound weight loss is a deficit of 3,500 calories. or 500 calories daily.

nor advised for a person to take less than ____calories daily- Answer 1,200 calories

ACSM postion stand indicates that engaging in _____ minutes per week of MVPA would result in better weight management - Answer 250 min/week.

demonstration of exercise is especially important in _____ populations - Answer overweight or obese

Behavioral strategies for weight loss - Answer Self monitoring

goal setting

stimulus control

problem solving

How many calories in 1 gram of:

carb

protein

fat

alcohol - Answer 1 g carbs- 4 calories

1 g protein- 4 calories

1g fat- 9 calories

1g alcohol- 7 calories

energy intake for carbs, protein and fat - Answer 45 - 65% of daily energy intake; 70% for athletes; 4 cal/gram

10-15% of daily intake; .8 g/kg of body wt.; athletes may need 1.2 - 1.4 for endurance and 1.6-1.7 for strength; 4 cal/gram

3 abnormal curves of the spine - Answer hyperkyphosis, hyperlordosis, scoliosis

Pregnant women require an additional ____ calories per day - Answer 150 cal per day then 300cal in the 3rd trimester

Avoid exercising in the ______ position after week _____ - Answer Supine position after week 16

Pregnant woman need as increase dietary need for. - Answer folic acid (B vitamin to prevent serious birth defects) and iron.

Vitamin D intake have increased for?

what are the levels? - Answer all populations but especially children and older adults (65+).

children and adolescents 1-18 600 IU

Older adults 800IU

Coronary Artery disease - Answer accounts for the most cardiovascular deaths. The most common forms of CVD.

Athlerosclerosis-Answer process where fatty streaks develop, causing the artery wall the thicken while reducing the luminal diameter. begins with a focal injury to the lining of the artery and eventually causes damage to the endothelium. The endothelium then becomes more permeable to lipids, allowing LDL's to move easily through where they are oxidized by macrophages. creating fatty streaks and plaque formation begins.