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An in-depth analysis of passive and active immunization, two methods of acquiring immunity to infectious microorganisms. Passive immunization involves the transfer of preformed antibodies to a recipient, either naturally or artificially. Active immunization, on the other hand, is achieved by inoculation with microbial pathogens or antigenic components from the pathogens, which stimulates the immune system to produce its own antibodies. the history of immunization, the conditions that warrant the use of passive immunization, and the risks associated with it. It also discusses the goal of active immunization, the difference between natural and artificial acquisition of immunity, and the recommended vaccines for children.
Typology: Summaries
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B. Passive immunization can also be achieved artificially by injecting a recipient with preformed antibodies.
Conditions that warrant the use of passive immunization-
Conditions when use Passive immunization-Botulism, tetanus, diphtheria, hepatitis, measles, and rabies, as well agisnt poisonous snake and insect bites.
To travelers or health-care workers who will soon be exposed to an infectious organism and lack active immunity to it.
Passive immunization does not activate the immune system, it generates no memory response and the protection provided is transient.
The goal of active immunization is to elicit protective immunity and immunologic memory.
A successful active immunization elicits a heightened immune response after subsequent exposure to the pathogenic agent which help to eliminates the pathogen or prevents disease mediated by its products.
Active immunization can be achieved by
A. Natural infection with a microorganism,
B. Acquired artificially by administration of a vaccine.
In active immunization, the immune system plays an active role—proliferation of antigen-reactive T and B cells results in the formation of memory cells.
Vaccination of children is begun at about 2 months of age.
The recommended program of childhood immunizations by the American Academy of Pediatrics, includes the following vaccines:
In addition, hepatitis A vaccine at 18 months and influenza vaccines after 6 months are recommended for infants in high-risk populations.