Actual 2024 AQA A-level PHYSICS 7408/2 Paper 2 Merged Question Paper + Mark Scheme + Inse, Exams of Physics

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Actual 2024 AQA A-level PHYSICS 7408/2 Paper 2 Merged Question Paper + Mark Scheme + Insert AQA= Please write clearly in block capitals. Centre number Candidate number Surname Forename(s) Candidate signature | declare this is my own work. A-level PHYSICS Paper 2 Thursday 6 June 2024 Morning Materials For this paper you must have: a pencil and a ruler a scientific calculator a Data and Formulae Booklet a protractor. Instructions Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. Answer all questions. You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside the box around each page or on blank pages. If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of this book. Write the question number against your answer(s). Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. Show all your working. Information The marks for questions are shown in brackets. The maximum mark for this paper is 85. You are expected to use a scientific calculator where appropriate. A Data and Formulae Booklet is provided as a loose insert. Time allowed: 2 hours For Examiner's Use Question Mark 1 Nlola}s}olr 8-32 TOTAL 8201 IB/M/Jun24/E11 7408/2 1 Section A Answer all questions in this section. Aroom contains dry air at a temperature of 20.0 °C and a pressure of 105 kPa. {o[4].[1] Show that the amount of air in each cubic metre is about 40 mol. [1 mark] [0] 1].[2] The density of the dry air is 1.25kgm™°, Calculate c,,,, for the air molecules. Give your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures. [3 marks] Crms = m st {o[1].[3| Calculate, in K, the change of temperature that will double c,,,,, for the air molecules. [2 marks] change of temperature = K 02 IB/M/Jun24/7408/2 Do not write outside the box {oj2|[4] IMI Figure 1 shows a circuit used to charge capacitor C. The battery has negligible internal resistance. Figure 1 The capacitance of C is known. The switch is closed at time t= 0 and the potential difference V, across C is recorded at different times 7. Figure 2 shows the variation of V,, with t. Figure 2 5.0 3.0 ma im Becca Velv Beec peat 1.0 aa 0.0. 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 t/s Explain how a gradient of the graph in Figure 2 can be used to determine the initial current J, in the circuit. [2 marks] IB/M/Jun24/7408/2 Do not write outside the box Do not write outside the {0[2].[2] The potential difference V, across R is also recorded. bok Figure 3 shows the variation of V, with t between t= 20s and t= 45s. Figure 3 0.7 po peepee 0.6 0.5 0.4 \ ! : ValV 03 0.2 OD fp 0.0 20 25 The capacitance of C is 31.0 pF. Determine, using Figure 3, the time constant of the circuit. Go on to show that the resistance of R is about 2.4 = 10° Q. [2 marks] time constant = s resistance = Q Question 2 continues on the next page Turn over > IMI IB/M/Jun24/7408/2 5 Table 2 gives information about C, and C,. Table 2 c, Cc, charge Q Q surface area Ss Ss potential difference V, Vy, plate separation d 2d dielectric constant 4.0 1.0 Determine OS IMI SIN Turn over for the next question [2 marks] Do not write outside the box Turn over > IB/M/Jun24/7408/2 Do not write outside the A conducting rod is held horizontally in an east-west direction. box The magnetic flux density of the Earth’s magnetic field is 4.9 x 10° T and is directed at an angle of 68° to the ground. {o[3].[1| Figure 5 shows the arrangement. The rod has a length of 2.0 m. Figure 5 Earth’s magnetic field @ rod north << 8.0m 68° \ horizontal ground The rod is released and falls 8.0 m to the ground. It remains in a horizontal east-west direction as it falls. Determine the average emf across the rod during its fall to the ground. Assume that air resistance is negligible. [3 marks] average emf = Vv IMI IB/M/Jun24/7408/2 8 10 {0[4].[1] One purpose of the coolant in a thermal nuclear reactor is to maintain a safe working temperature within the core. State the other purpose. [1 mark] {0[4].[2] State two properties that engineers consider when choosing a liquid to use as a coolant in a thermal nuclear reactor. [2 marks] {0[4].[3| Explain how the power output of a thermal nuclear reactor is decreased. [2 marks] Do not write outside the box IB/M/Jun24/7408/2 10 11 Do not write outside the box Turn over for the next question DO NOT WRITE/ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE/SPACES PROVIDED Turn over > IMI IB/M/Jun24/7408/2 11 13 Do not write outside the {0[5].[1] The resultant force on S, is due to the gravitational forces from the Earth and box the Moon. The magnitude of the Earth’s gravitational field strength at the orbital radius of S, is 1.98 x 1037 Nkg™. The magnitude of the Moon’s gravitational field strength at the orbital radius of S, is gy. Show that g,, is approximately 1.2 x 103 Nkg™. period of the Moon’s orbit = 27.3 days orbital radius of S, = 4.489 x 10° km [3 marks] {0[5].[2] Calculate the distance from S, to the centre of the Moon. mass of the Moon = 7.35 x 10” kg [2 marks] distance = m Question 5 continues on the next page Turn over > 13 IB/M/Jun24/7408/2 13 14 Do not write outside the {0[5].[3] Another satellite S, is placed in a circular orbit between the Earth and the Moon. Bok S, always views the near side of the Moon. S, also has the same angular speed as the Moon so that the centres of the Earth, the Moon and §, are always in a straight line. Figure 8 shows two positions of the Moon and S, as they orbit the Earth. Figure 8 > Say not to scale Explain how the resultant force on S, due to the gravitational fields of the Earth and the Moon causes S§, to orbit with the same angular speed as the Moon. No calculations are required. [3 marks] IB/M/Jun24/7408/2 14 16 Do not write outside the Figure 9 shows an arrangement for confining groups of electrons to small regions Box. inside a block of gallium arsenide. Figure 9 electrodes 1 q r I I 1 1 1 1 I \ confined groups of electrons \ 1 1 1 \ 1 I \ 1 1 ' \ 1 1 ' 1 i \ 1 ' ‘ 1 1 ' ' \ | : ' \ 4 ' 1 t | ' \ 1 \ ' \ ' \ 1 ' 1 1 ' 1 \ ' 1 1 x/nm 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1 t H i 1 1 f ‘ ‘ 1 1 ‘ 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 t t 1 1 1 i i t ' 1 \ \ 1 i 1 i i i 1 i \ 1 ‘ 1 1 1 \ \ i I 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 f ‘ t 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 i | i 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 t wn +S Co —3.04 f | | t r ' | i ! ' f ' I H | ' | ' | ' | ' | f | ' i ; i | L ' ’ ' f ' I i | f | ! | ' | ' ' ' | ' f ' I ' | ' | ' f 0 1100 200 300 400 ' f I i t I | ' i i i ' ' t t | t | t | i f i ! t r ' | \ | t 1 t i i t i | \ i ' ' i | t i t | i | H i t f I i i t i i ' | t } ' —3.5 ft 1 i | HOP H Pee eo ee eee et; ________ Electrons can only move along the line PQ in the block. When a suitable electric potential is applied to the electrodes, the electrons are confined to the regions shown in Figure 9. The graph in Figure 9 shows how the electric potential V varies with distance x along PQ. IM IB/M/Jun24/7408/2 16 17 Do not write outside the [o[6].[2| Determine, using the graph in Figure 9, the maximum magnitude of the electric field. box State an appropriate unit for your answer. [4 marks] maximum magnitude = unit [0] 6].[3| An electron at rest at x = 300 nm gains kinetic energy and moves to x = 800 nm. Determine the minimum kinetic energy required by the electron. [2 marks] minimum kinetic energy = J Question 6 continues on the next page Turn over > IB/M/Jun24/7408/2 17 19 Do not write outside the A team of students uses 900 dice, each with n sides, to model the decay of box, a radioactive material. Each dice represents a single undecayed nucleus. A throw of the dice represents a constant time interval. When the dice are thrown, those that show a | represent decayed nuclei and are removed. The students count the number N of ‘undecayed’ dice that remain. The procedure is repeated using the undecayed dice. Figure 10 shows the students’ data. Figure 10 1000 % x x x x x x x 10054 x x x . x N Rg x ii x 104 i 7 * x 1 t t T T T T T T T 1 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 throws [0 | [1] Explain why N has been plotted on a logarithmic scale in Figure 10. [1 mark] Question 7 continues on the next page Turn over > IB/M/Jun24/7408/2 19 20 ‘ude the {o[7].[2] In this experiment, a decay constant 1 can be defined that models the radioactive box decay constant. Determine i. Go on to use your value for 4 to show that 7 = 4 for the dice used in this experiment. [5 marks] = throw! [0[7].[3| A typical radioactive source used in schools has an activity of 100 kBq. A radioactive source used in a hospital has an activity of 370 GBq. State one safety measure when using a radioactive source in a school laboratory. Go on to discuss how this safety measure needs to be adapted for safe use of the hospital radioactive source. [2 marks] 20 IB/M/Jun24/7408/2 20