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Actual 2024 AQA AS PHYSICS 7407/2 Paper 2 Merged Question Paper + Mark Scheme + “AOA a Please write clearly in block capitals. Centre number Candidate number Surname Forename(s) Candidate signature | declare this is my own work. AS PHYSICS Paper 2 Wednesday 22 May 2024 Afternoon Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes Materials You are advised to spend about For this paper you must have: 35 minutes on Section C © apencil and a ruler * ascientific calculator ¢ a Data and Formulae Booklet ¢ a protractor. For Examiner's Use Question Mark 1 Instructions 2 e Use black ink or black ball-point pen. 3 Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. vy e Answer all questions. « You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside the box around each page or on blank pages. TOTAL e If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of this book. Write the question number against your answer(s). ¢ Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. e Show all your working. 5-34 Information ¢ The marks for questions are shown in brackets. ¢ The maximum mark for this paper is 70. « You are expected to use a scientific calculator where appropriate. e A Data and Formulae Booklet is provided as a loose insert. 7407/2 72 Do not write + outside the Section A box Answer all questions in this section. A hacksaw blade is a thin flexible strip of metal. Figure 1 shows a blade clamped between two blocks above a horizontal bench. A pen is attached to the free end of the blade. Figure 1 view of hacksaw blade from side blade clamped above bench pen Sn bench: The free end of the blade is displaced and released. The blade oscillates in a horizontal plane as shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 view of hacksaw blade from above blocks The time for each oscillation is 7. INI IB/M/Jun24/7407/2 2 INI Do not write outside the Figure 3 shows a trolley placed on a ramp that is inclined at a small angle to the box. bench. A piece of graph paper is fixed to the upper surface of the trolley. The blade and pen are positioned so that the tip of the pen rests on the graph paper. The dashed line shows the rest position of the pen. Figure 3 side view YZ clamp not shown small angle between ramp and bench Ml view of trolley from above graph paper dashed line a = IB/M/Jun24/7407/2 4 Do not write outside the The free end of the blade is displaced as shown in Figure 4a. bax: The blade and the trolley are then both released at the same moment. The blade oscillates horizontally. The pen remains in contact with the graph paper as the trolley moves. Figures 4b and 4c show the trolley as it moves down the ramp with uniform acceleration. Figure 4a Figure 4b Figure 4c [Skea aS: ie) [_ ie) | ie) L ie) \ 7 \ iY U \ * : | : 1 H trolley and blade at moment of release ‘ Tite , | trolley moving | down ramp | trolley moving down ramp Question 1 continues on the next page Turn over > INN IB/M/Jun24/7407/2 5 Do not write outside the Tpq is the time for the pen to draw the line from P to Q. box s is the displacement of the trolley during 7,9. [0] 1].[2] Determine 7... Assume that the time for each full oscillation of the blade is 0.42 s. [2 marks] Tpa= Ss [0] 1].[3] Determine s. The scale of the graph paper is shown on Figure 5. [1 mark] ss m [0] 1].[4] Determine the acceleration a of the trolley. [2 marks] a= ms” Question 1 continues on the next page Turn over > 07 IB/M/Jun24/7407/2 7 [o[1].[5] A teacher suggests that the absolute uncertainty in s is +2 mm. Explain why this is a valid suggestion. Do not write outside the box [2 marks] [0 [4 |.[6 | The percentage uncertainty in 7pg is 0.46%. Determine the percentage uncertainty in your result for a. percentage uncertainty = INN [2 marks] % IB/M/Jun24/7407/2 8 INIA 10 Do not write outside the The Brinell test determines the hardness of the surface of a material. bok Figure 7 shows a steel sphere on the surface of a material being tested. Figure 7 D a steel sphere material being tested In the test, a load F is applied to a steel sphere of diameter D and an indentation of depth / is produced in the material. Figure 8 shows one test. Figure 8 load F indentation The Brinell hardness number B is given by _ mgDh where F is in N, gis in N kg! and D and / are in mm. The unit of B is kg mm. Using the same steel sphere, the value of / was measured for five materials. B was calculated for each material. For each material: « F was the same e D= 10.0 mm. IB/M/Jun24/7407/2 10 11 Do not write ‘outside the Figure 9 is a plot of B against h. box Figure 9 120 110 100 90 80 B/ kg mm? 60 50 40 30 20 : 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 25 3.0 3.5 h/mm Question 2 continues on the next page Turn over > IML IB/M/Jun24/7407/2 11 13 The Brinell hardness number can be determined by measuring the diameter d of the circular indentation rather than h. Figure 10 shows d. Figure 10 indentation in test material when viewed from above side view For the indentation created in brass, d= 7.33 mm. [o[2|.[4] Suggest a suitable instrument that could have been used to measure this value of d. [1 mark] {o[2].[5] For the indentation created in brass, h = 1.60 mm. Explain one advantage of finding B by measuring d rather than h. [2 marks] END OF SECTIONA Turn over > INIA Do not write outside the box IB/M/Jun24/7407/2 13 14 Do not write . outside the Section B box Answer all questions in this section. Figure 11 shows an energy storage system. The system uses a load suspended from two long steel cables in a vertical tunnel. Energy is stored when the load is raised. Electricity is generated when the load falls. Figure 11 not to scale 99: cable load = | When the load is at its lowest point, each cable has a vertical length L. The total mass of the two vertical cables is 3.7 x 10* kg. Each cable has a cross-sectional area of 9.6 x 103 m’. [0 [3].[1 | Calculate L. density of steel = 7.4 x 10? kg m=? [2 marks] INIA 4 IB/M/Jun24/7407/2 14 16 Do not write outside the [o[3].[4] A village combines the storage system with a wind turbine to provide energy. box. Figure 12 shows how the output power of the wind turbine varies with time during one particular day. The power demand of the village is also shown. Figure 12 400 350 ee ee ee re ae Cee ee 300 250 < : power SSS0S0000 0S SEER /kW 200 v \ 100 + + 50 0 00.00 04.00 08.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 00.00 time of day Key turbine output ae demand of village When the power demand is greater than the output power of the wind turbine, the load in the storage system descends and generates electricity to match the demand. When the load has fully descended and the storage system is empty, electrical power is provided by the National Grid. The efficiency of the energy transfer from the storage system to the village is 85%. The maximum energy stored by the storage system is 760 MJ. INIA IB/M/Jun24/7407/2 16 17 Do not write outside the Deduce whether the storage system and the wind turbine can together provide all the bax: electrical energy needed by the village from 10.00 until 14.00. [4 marks] 12 Turn over for the next question Turn over > INIA IB/M/Jun24/7407/2 17 19 Do not write outside the Figure 15 shows part of the arrangement where a bright fringe occurs. box The angle between the two plates caused by the foil in Figure 13 is very small. This allows the following approximations to be made for Figure 15: e the plates are parallel to each other the light rays travel perpendicular to both plates. Figure 15 incident ray plate 1 ie) d air A plate 2 Some of the incident light is reflected atO. The remainder of the light is transmitted through the air gap and is reflected at A. The reflected light from A combines at O with the reflected light from O. At O, there is a phase difference between the reflected light from A and the reflected light from O. This phase difference is caused by: ¢ the path difference due to the air gap « the reflection at A. At A the phase of the light that is reflected is changed by 180°. At O there is no change to the phase of the light that is reflected or that is transmitted. The thickness OA of the air gap is d. Question 4 continues on the next page Turn over > 9 IB/M/Jun24/7407/2 19 1 20 [0 [4 ].[4 | Deduce the relationship between d and the wavelength A of light that produces a bright fringe. [3 marks] Figure 16 shows a small part of the fringe pattern as viewed from above. Figure 16 bright fringe ' 5.0 mm ! The distance between the centre of one bright fringe and the centre of the next bright fringe is s. The thickness of the foil is t and the length of each glass plate up to the edge of the foil is 7 as shown in Figure 17. Figure 17 It can be shown that IB/M/Jun24/7407/2 20 Do not write outside the box 20 
