Adult Health III Exam 1 Questions and Answers
Active transport moves fluid from area of __________ concentration to ________
concentration; uses _________ for energy. - Ans from lower concentration to higher
concentration.
Uses ATP for energy.
What is fluid compared against to determine tonicity? - Ans Serum
Hydrostatic pressure - Ans The weight of the fluid against the walls of the container.
In human body, hydrostatic pressure = weight of blood against vessel walls + force of
cardiac contraction.
Osmolality - Ans Number of milliosmoles per kilogram of solvent
Osmolarity - Ans Number of milliosmoles per liter of solution
What is the standard unit of osmotic pressure? - Ans Milliosmoles
Osmotic pressure - Ans the external pressure that must be applied to stop osmosis
What percent of the average adult is fluid? - Ans 60%
Tonicity - Ans the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water
Loss of water and electrolytes causes: - Ans Fluid volume deficit/hypovolemia
Forms of water and electrolyte loss: - Ans Vomiting, diarrhea, fistulas, fever, excess
sweating, burns, blood loss, gastrointestinal suctioning, third-space fluid shifts.
Decreased volume intake: - Ans Anorexia, nausea, inability to gain access to fluid.
Fluid volume deficit/hypovolemia signs and symptoms - Ans Acute weight loss,
decreased skin turgor, oliguria, concentrated urine, capillary filling time prolonged, low
central venous pressure, decreased blood pressure, flattened neck veins, dizziness,
weakness, thirst, confusion, increased pulse, muscle cramps, sunken eyes, nausea,
increased temperature, and cool, clammy, pale skin.
