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AVIATION SAFETY TEST 1 REVIEW
CHAPTER 1 KAHOOT & QUIZ
1- Approximately how many airplanes fly in U.S. airspace every day?
- 50, 2- What does USHRI stand for?
- Ultra Safe High Risk Industry 3- T.F, Aviation accidents are usually caused by one single mistake or failure.
- False 4- Why was Comair pilot Shane Sitts fired?
- A cabin door issue 5- How does the book distinguish safety from security?
- Security is different in that it aims to prevent intentional actions. 6- T.F, The worst aviation accident in history happened at Tenerife, Canary Islands.
- True 7- Which U.S. government organization maintains the ASRS reporting system?
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration 8- According to ICAO, what are the four types of accidents?
- major, serious, injury, and damage 9- T.F, The Hindenberg (1937) disaster completely destroyed the dirigible commerce industry.
- True
CHAPTER 2 KAHOOT & QUIZ
1- What type of safety culture responds to an accident?
2- What is an active cause of an accident?
- A direct action taken by a person that causes an accident.
3- True or False: An active cause is not obvious but hidden.
4- What is an example of a root cause?
- Airline Financial Problems.
- An operator cannot maintain training standards due to revenue, and thus does not maintain training for safety-sensitive employees. 5- True or False: The Swiss Cheese Model always places blame for an accident on pilot error.
- False 6- What does the S in the SHELL Model stand for?
- Software 7- Which of the four P's is related to motivation?
- Psychological 8- True or False: In the 5-Factor Model, the machine failure rate is lowest when it is brand new.
- False 9- When considering the multiple causes of most aviation accidents, which types of causes are not necessarily obvious, but more hidden?
- Root cause 10- Dr. James Reason's "Swiss Cheese" model is an approach to accident theory, and
- explains that an accident is the result of several factors, starting with organizational leadership 11- The "L" in the SHELL model, though it stands in two different places, stands for
- Liveware
CHAPTER 4 KAHOOT & QUIZ
1- What operators are required to implement a Fatigue Risk Management Program according to Part 117?
- Part 121 Passenger Operators 2- What was Crew Resource Management humorously called during the first generation of CRM?
- Charm School 3- What is LOFT?
- Line Oriented Flight Training which is realistic simulator training. 4- True or False: The second generation of CRM included both flight crew and cabin crew.
- False 5- Which is an example of authority with participation?
- Captain asking First Officer for opinion about weather forecast. 6- True or False: Only the flight crew is responsible for CRM and safety.
- False 7- Which level of CRM Training did "AQP" develop out of?
- Fourth Generation 8- T.F FAR Part 117 was introduced to increase awareness of fatigue and establish rigid rest requirements based upon a pilot's working hours. These rules apply to both commercial airlines and air freight operations (UPS, FedEx)
- False 9- True or False: Today, all pilots embrace and practice good Crew management.
- False 10- What generation of CRM focued most on training both flight crew and cabin crew working together?
- Third 11- Which is an example of authority with participation?
- A maintenance crew chief asks his crew for suggestions on which tasks shouldreceive priority 12- CRM and Safety concepts should be practiced
- at all levels of a company, beginning with the top level of management 13- Which of the following would be typically of a good "follower"?
- respectful assertion of concerns 14- Which of the following indicates the most effective form of "Leadership"?
- encouraging and asking for suggestions after an approach briefing.
15- One of the grim reminders of UA Flight 232 is that
- CRM can minimize but not remove hazards, threats, and losses.
CHAPTER 5 KAHOOT & QUIZ
1- Where is ICAO located?
- Montreal 2- ICAO consists of how many member states?
- 191 3- T.F., ICAO has 78 regional offices.
- False 4- What keeps some ICAO member states from fully complying with SARP’s?
- Lack of funding and resources 5- What does IASA stand for?
- International Aviation Safety Assessment 6- T.F., NASA is responsible for commercial space flight operations.
- False 7- T.F., The Administrator of the FAA reports to the Secretary of Transportation?
- True 8- Who employs most air traffic controllers?
- FAA 9- T.F., There are 50 flight standards district offices (FSDO’s) in the United States.
- False
TEST 1 REVIEW:
Question 1 Refer to the preface. Approximately how many airplanes fly in U.S. airspace every day? → 50, Question 2 What does USHRI stand for? → Ultra Safe High Risk Industry Question 3 Aviation accidents are usually caused by one single mistake or failure. FALSE Question 4 In 2007, the regional airline Comair fired a pilot for refusing to fly due to one particular issue. The pilot sued the company and won the case. Why was the pilot fired? →• A cabin door issue Question 5
Question 16 Which of the following would be "Software" in the SHELL Model? →• Checklists, Procedures, and EFBs Question 17 In the SHELL Model, Pilots are the Central Liveware Question 18 Yerke's Dodson Curve states that → Workload is directly related to performance but too much or too little of loads or stress will hinder performance. Question 19 Part 107 addresses Fatigue → False Question 20 What operations does PART 117 not address? → Part 121 Air Cargo Question 21 The body slumps in the… → Circadian low between 2 and 6 am Question 22 FRMP is a → • Fatigue Risk Management Program Question 23 How did the UPS Flight 1354 connect to Fatigue? → • First Officers personal time off duty prevented her ability to perform safe and effectively. Question 24 What are the three FAA inspectors every 121 operator has? → • Operations, Human Factors and Maintenance Question 25 Who should be considered a factor in the "safety chain" for a company? (Safety Sensitive) →• All Employees
Question 26 Safety Sensitive Employees are subject to FAA drug testings. → • True Question 27 Does the FAA have to follow the NTSB's recommendations? NUH AH Question 28 When must accidents be reported? → If an accident meets the requirements of NTSB 830, it must be reported. Question 29 The book talked about Major, Serious, Injury and Damage accidents. These are ICAO categories of accidents. → • True Question 30 What is the gruesome term given to policies changing when people die in accidents? →• Blood Priority Question 31 The International Civil Aviation Organization is a United Nations organization based in →• Montreal, Canada Question 32 How many member "states" are represented in ICAO? (at the printing of the text) → 191 Question 33 What might limit a nation to be able to have robust ICAO Safety Systems? →• Resource and Funding issues Question 34 Safety deals with intentional harm or damage. • False Question 35 Root Causes must be… → investigated to be known. Question 36 Which of the following is an Active Cause of an accident
In 1974, the NTSB was made independent by the Independent Safety Board Act. Why? To enhance the functionality of the NTSB How many board members help run the NTSB? 5 The NTSB makes recommendations to several different parties, including manufacturers, operators, and the FAA. TRUE About how long does a typical NTSB "Go Team" spend at the accident site? 10-14 DAYS After an accident, ideally, the NTSB has a target to complete the investigation within one year The FAA does not always agree with NTSB recommendations. According to the FAA, how often do both parties agree? 88% of the time The NTSB accident database contains information relating to accidents dating back to 1962 CHAPTER 7 QUIZ FOQA and FDM programs are assisting in proactive safety. These programs track normal, routine flight data If a flight crew were to make a series of errors, resulting in an unstabilized approach causing the aircraft to descend at an abnormally high rate, which aviation safety system would inform the operator of such a condition? FOQA The ASRS system is funded by the FAA and administered by NASA. It is limited to data from the U.S. FALSE At what location are ASRS reports processed? NASA Ames Research Center An Advanced Qualifications Program (AQP) is designed to monitor CRM performance of the crew
CHAPTER 8 QUIZ
What does a Mode S Transponder transmit to other aircraft? altitude, position, and vertical speed TCAS systems do not require Mode S transponders. FALSE Which type of TCAS system provides Resolution Advisories (RAs)? TCAS II What hardware do pilots use in the cockpit to request and clearances with the CPDLC system? ACARS/FMS What is a stick shaker and what is its purpose? The control column shakes to warn the pilot the aircraft is close to stalling. What is meant by "fly by wire" control systems in a modern transport aircraft? Instead of a direct connection, there is an electronic connection between the aircraft controls and the control surfaces. What systems were developed to allow safe operations into short and slippery runways. Antiskid braking systems, Speed brakes or wing spoilers, Thrust reversers. CHAPTER 9 TO 11 QUIZ Which FAR contains airport classifications? Part 139 What are some specialized airport services? Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting, Deicing and anti-icing, Aviation Fuel Handling What is an engineered materials arrestor system (EMAS)? A safety feature at airports with less than standard overrun made of crushable concrete that collapses under the weight of an aircraft stopping it from overrunning the runway. True of false: A runway incursion is the incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle, person or animal on the runway designated for landing. FALSE Prior to approval of Engineering Materials Arresting Systems (EMAS), what was the required distance for a safety area in case of a runway overrun? 1,000 feet
The FAA processes the ASRS Reports. FALSE Which of the following could report an ASRS? a domestic flight under Part 121. an international flight under Part 91. an international flight departing and landing outside the boarders of the United States operating under Part 135. ASRS is analysed in Washington, D.C. False As of the printing of the text, how many reports have been processed in the ASRS? 1,000, At minimum 2 analyst must look at each ASRS report but more can review if necessary. TRUE What is FOQA? Flight Operations Quality Assurance Part 91 operators are the main users of FOQAs. FALSE Which of the following describes an FOQA? voluntary Part 121 program Which program is similar to ASRS but is for Air Carriers in combination with FAA and Union representatives? ASAP ASRS and ASAP are both considered reactive safety. FALSE Who is responsible for safety in a company? Every level of employee from the janitor to the CEO. What is the crushable concrete used to arrest an aircraft overrunning an airport? EMAS What equipment could be used to communicate via text with a ground based entity in flight? ACARS
What is the purpose of a Stick Shaker? Alerting the operator when a stall is approaching. Who should make an ASRS Report? The pilot or crew of the aircraft experiencing the event. When do NTSB reports get reviewed by NASA Safety Analyst? NEVER Who can download NTSB Final Reports? Manufactures, The FAA, General Public Who would a Part 135 operation have to report to when an aircraft is overdue for arrival and expected to be involved in an accident? The NTSB The NTSB only researches domestic accidents. FALSE NTSB Reports are primarily Reactive. What is ARFF and how is it rated? Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting. It is based on aircraft length and number of flights at an airport. Which regulation covers airports in the United States? Part 139 A runway incursion is any aircraft, vehicle, or person not suppose to be on the runway. A runway excursion can happen during Takeoff, taxi, landing The typical overrun area for a runway will be… 1,000 feet. EMAS can be installed when a runway overrun area is not efficient enough for the airport. TRUE What year was the PATCO strike? 1981
What recent airline accident resulted in changes that are now a requirement in safety management systems? Colgan Air Flight 3407 What are the four pillars of SMS in the United States? Safety Policy; Safety Risk Management; Safety Assurance; Safety Promotion What airline employee is the single, identifiable person having final responsibility for the airline's safety management system? Accountable Executive Safety promotion refers to the non-punitive, positive safety culture known as a "Just Culture" that encourages all employees to have a role in safety. True Which of the four SMS pillars provides for the identification of hazards and assessment of risk? Safety Risk Management What is ALARP? ALARP stands for as low as reasonably practicable Safety assurance provides feedback on how the safety risk management process is performing. True What is included in a strong safety promotion program? Safety training and education, Safety newsletters, Safety bulletins Safety practices are designed to prevent intentional acts and harms, while security practices are designed to prevent unintentional acts and harm. False What was the year of the first significant attack on commercial aviation? 1930 Security was given little attention in the early days of commercial aviation. In what year was there a surge of hijackings in the United States?
Which of the following were considered to be major milestones of international aviation security? The Hague Convention of 1970, ICAO Annex 17 of 1974, The Tokyo Convention of 1963 Initially, what part of the Federal Aviation Regulations governed airport security matters? FAR Part 139 FAR Part 121.538 issued on January 31, 1972 required air carrier security programs to do the following: -Prevent cargo and checked baggage not handled in accordance with security procedures -Ensure a responsible agent of the airline would check in baggage -Prevent and deter unauthorized access to aircraft What act required air carriers to start 100% screening of passengers and carry-on items and to station at least one law enforcement officer (LEO) at each passenger checkpoint during boarding and pre-boarding? The Anti-hijacking or Air Transportation Security Act of 1974 In early 1975, the Air Transportation Association developed the FAA's Air Carrier Standard Security Program because of inconsistent application of regulations across the airline industry. True What agency was the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) under when it was first established on November 19, 2001 by the Aviation and Transportation Security Act (ATSA)? Department of Transportation Where was the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) moved after The Homeland Security Act of November 28, 2002? Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Which of the following security layers are included in the Transportation Security Administration (TSA)? All of these security layers are included in the TSA.
- Federal Flight Deck Officers (FFDOs)
- Federal Air Marshalls -Airport document checkers
Space and Air Traffic Management System will seamlessly integrate space vehicles into the National Airspace System. All commercial airline traffic is tracked on radar by air traffic control. False
FINAL EXAM REVIEW IN CLASS:
- Cargo 121 does not fall under part 117 FRMP
- Unmanned UAS is under part 107
- what system manages commercial space travel? SATMS, space and air traffic management system.
- what type of injury is broken toe or finger? Minor injury. What of injury includes a hospital stay or any burn above first degree burns? Major injury. What is TSA? Transportation Safety Administration. What entity does TSA fall under? Homeland security, it was DOT before homeland.
- 121,583 was the regulation that passed in 1972. It was the first regulation that focused on a security item under part 121, what are the three components in that regulation? Ensuring that an agent of the airline checks the bag, Deter unauthorized access to the aircraft, Prevent any cargo or baggage from being loaded unless it was handled according to security procedures. -How many hijackings happened during the hijacking era from 1968-1972? 299. -What does holes in the Swiss cheese model represent? Flaws caused by safety deficiencies. -what entity does the Air marshal reside in? Inside TSA, which is inside Homeland Security. -what type of accident does GPWS(ground proximity warning system) attempt to prevent? CFIT controlled flight into terrain.
- what phase of flight accounts for most exposure of accidents? Take off and landing.
- what accident caused the FAA to adopt ICAO recommendation to create SMS for 121 operators? 3407 Colgan.
- NTSB HAVE TO investigate every 121 and 135 accident. T or F, An MEL is a list of equipment for the specific type of operations the aircraft is flying in. False
- What does ANEX 17 deals with? Security and safeguarding intentional civil aviation against unlawful acts. -What does WASP stand for? Wide Area Augmentation System.
- what does ADS-B stand for?Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast.
- ACARS? Aircraft Communications and Reporting System.
- Where is ICAO recommendations published? SARPs. -Where is ICAO policies published? Anex.
- what is the best way to measure how safe an airline is? Passengers Miles.
- who is responsible for making sure an aircraft is airworthy for a flight? PIC, pilot in command. Who is responsible for maintaining the airworthiness for an aircraft? The owner.
- what type of safety program would ASAP and ASRS be? Proactive.
- LOSA? Line operations safety audit, it’s an observation program.
- what is the commission created by G Bush after 9/11 called? The 9/11 commission -What are the three eras of security issues in the book? Hijacking, Bombing, Terrorist. -what are the four pillar of SMS? Policies, risk management,assurance, promotion. -NSTB= reactive, ASRS= proactive. -T or F, The FAA is part of the DHS. False, it’s transportation.
- What are the most common two items contaminants in aviation fuel? Rust and Water.
- What type of safety system would a flight data monitoring program fall under? Proactive.
- What are the four levels of HFACs? Organizational influence, unsafe supervision, preconceptions, unsafe acts.
- What are the five modes of transportation the NTSB cover? Railroads, aviation, marine, highway , and pipelines.
- why does FAA not process the ASRS reports? To encourage pilot report without fear punishment.
- What is the second cause of accident from the Boeing study? CFIT
- which state of flight does CFIT occur? Landing. -What does Just Culture means? Non punitive positive safety culture...
- which generation of CRM focused on more on error management? Sixth.
- 5th
FINAL EXAM REVIEW
n 1 0
LOFT Scenarios for flight training are realistic flight simulator profiles,
and are now standard practice. LOFT stands for
Leading Operational Fatigue Tasking Low Oscillating Flight Training Line Oriented Flight Training Question 2
point
FAR Part 117 was introduced to increase awareness of fatigue and
establish rigid rest requirements based upon a pilot's working hours.
These rules apply to both commercial airlines and air freight operations
(UPS, FedEx)
True False Question 3
point
All commercial airline traffic is tracked on radar by air traffic control.
True
