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Crop Diversification in India: Trends, Drivers, and Sustainability, Schemes and Mind Maps of Agricultural policy

TERI School Of Advanced StudiesAgricultural policy

This document analyzes the trends in crop diversification in india, focusing on the shift from food grains to commercial and horticultural crops. It examines the impact of the green revolution on crop diversity and explores the drivers of diversification, including government initiatives, changing consumption patterns, and policy measures. The document also highlights the importance of crop diversification for sustainable agriculture and discusses the role of education and awareness in promoting diverse cropping patterns.

Typology: Schemes and Mind Maps

2023/2024

Uploaded on 01/28/2025

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Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Pune
AGRO ECONOMIC RESEARCH CENTRE (AERC)
PLATINUM JUBILEE CONFERENCE
ON
“SUSTAINABILITY OF AGRICULTURE SECTOR:
ISSUES, CHALLENGES AND POLICY MATRIX”
23-24 December 2024
PRESENTATION ON
An Analysis Of Recent Trends In Crop Diversification In India,
In View Of Agricultural Sustainability.
Presented by:
Priya Kulkarni
Research Scholar , Dept. of Studies in Economics
Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka.
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Download Crop Diversification in India: Trends, Drivers, and Sustainability and more Schemes and Mind Maps Agricultural policy in PDF only on Docsity!

Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Pune

AGRO ECONOMIC RESEARCH CENTRE (AERC)

PLATINUM JUBILEE CONFERENCE

ON

“SUSTAINABILITY OF AGRICULTURE SECTOR:

ISSUES, CHALLENGES AND POLICY MATRIX”

23-24 December 2024

PRESENTATION ON

An Analysis Of Recent Trends In Crop Diversification In India, In View Of Agricultural Sustainability. Presented by: Priya Kulkarni Research Scholar , Dept. of Studies in Economics Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka.

Outline of the presentation

  • (^) Introduction
  • (^) Objectives
  • (^) Methodology
  • (^) Results and Discussion
  • (^) Findings and suggestions

Meaning of crop diversification

  • (^) Shifting from traditionally grown less remunerative crops to more remunerative ones.
  • (^) Transitioning from single crop dominance to the production of a variety of crops.
  • (^) Inclusion of a diverse range of crops in farming systems, ensuring agricultural resilience and sustainability.

Crop Diversification and Sustainability

  • (^) Minimizes risks associated with market fluctuations, pest infestations, and climate variability,.
  • (^) Helps break pest and disease cycles, reduces dependence on chemical fertilizers, and improves soil nutrient profiles.
  • (^) Legumes fix atmospheric nitrogen, enriching the soil for subsequent crops.
  • (^) Water efficient crops, alleviate pressure on dwindling water resources.
  • (^) Requires intensive soil management, leading to improved soil health and reduced soil erosion.
  • (^) Support biodiversity by providing habitat for beneficial insects and microorganisms.

Crops/Crop groups

2010-11 CDVI

2020-21 CDVI

Rice 22.7 2.5 22.0 3.

Wheat 14.3 2.3 15.3 3.

Jowar 4.5 3.6 2.7 7.

Maize 4.0 1.8 4.6 3.

Coarse cereals 13.6 5.7 12.3 3.

Total pulses 12.1 4.1 13.3 6.

Total food grains 64.1 1.3 63.0 3.

Total oilseeds 13.5 5.3 13.2 5.

Sugarcane 2.3 10.6 2.4 7.

Cotton 4.8 7.6 6.2 6.

Total fruits 2.8 2.9 3.4 26.

Total vegetables 3.8 3.0 4.9 30.

Spices and condiments 1.6 23.9 1.8 15.

Plantation 1.7 2.4 1.9 31.

Table:1Trends in the share area under different crops at the National level

( in percentage )

Source:Various issues of Agriculture statistics at a Glance, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India

Rice Wheat Jowar Maize Coarse cereals Total pulses Total food grains Total oilseeds Sugarcane Cotton Total fruits Total vegetables Spices and condiments Plantation -50.00% -40.00% -30.00% -20.00% -10.00% 0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 3.08% 6.99% -40.00% 15.00% -9.55% 9.10% 1.71% -2.22% 4.34% 29.16% 21.42% 28.94% 12.50% 11.76% Chart Title Series growth rate of the share area crops

Decadal Change in cropping pattern at the National level (2001-2010 to 2011-2021)

Eastern and North-eastern region Rice Wheat Coarse cereals Total pulses Total food grains Total oilseeds Sugarcane Cotton Total fruits Total vegetables -20.00% 0.00% 20.00% 40.00% 60.00% 80.00% 100.00% 120.00% 2.48% -3.65% 13.60% 2.00% 0.24% 2.80% -8.77% 97.00% 22.13% 9.20% Ch an g e in th e crop p in g p attern from 2010-11 to 2020- Series growth rate of the share area crops

North-western region Rice Wheat Coarse cereals Total pulses Total food grains Total oilseeds Sugarcane Cotton Total fruits Total vegetables -40.00% -30.00% -20.00% -10.00% 0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% 1.82% -0.29% -16.43% -16.02% -1.97% 16.39% 1.75% -32.35% 47.91% 26.18% Ch an g e in th e crop pi n g p attern from 2010-11 to 2020- Series growth rate of the share area crops

Southern region Rice Wheat Coarse cereals Total pulses Total food grains Total oilseeds Sugarcane Cotton Total fruits Total vegetables -50.00% -40.00% -30.00% -20.00% -10.00% 0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 1.33% 0.00% -8.54% 7.60% -0.87% -21.97% -40.00% -18.75% 22.90% -15.21% Ch an g e in th e crop p in g pattern from 2010-11 to 2020- Series growth rate of the share area crops

Crops Period I

Period II

Period III

Period IV

Period V

Rice -0.38^ -0.90^ 0.08^ 0.46^ 1.

Wheat 0.57^ 0.91^ 0.85^ 1.09^ 1.

Jowar -2.64^ -2.68^ -0.63^ -5.86^ 2.

Coarse cereals 0.42^ -0.54^ -1.42^ -0.85^ 3.

Maize 4.06^ 1.79^ 0.65^ 0.67^ 3.

Pulses 1.40^ 2.47^ 0.49^ -1.05^ -1.

Oilseeds 6.85^ 0.25^ -0.50^ 2.96^ 1.

Sugarcane -3.04^ -2.97^ -0.30^ 0.26^ 3.

Cotton 0.35^ 4.99^ 0.86^ 4.45^ 1.

Fruits 8.90^ 3.62^ -2.53^ 2.06^ NA

Vegetables 4.30^ 2.51^ 2.61^ 1.45^ NA

Spices -6.29^ 3.19^ 2.34^ 5.33^ NA

Plantation 2.47^ 0.84^ 0.30^ 4.19^ NA

Table:3 Trends in the growth of area under different crops in India. Compound annual growth rate ( percentage )

Source: Agriculture statistics at a Glance, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India.

Foodgrain Crops Non-foodgrain crops Total crop sector 2004-05 2015-16 2022-23 2004-05 2015-16 2022-23 2004-05 2015-16 2022- East & North-Eastern Region (Assam + West Bengal + Bihar + Odisha) ASSAM 0.43 0.49 0.49 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.42 0.47 0. WEST BENGAL 0.54 0.61 0.67 0.97 0.97 0.96 0.77 0.82 0. BIHAR 0.76 0.76 0.77 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.74 0.75 0. ODISHA 0.53 0.57 0.60 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.51 0.56 0. Average 0.57 0.61 0.63 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.61 0.65 0. North-Western Region (Haryana +Uttar Pradesh+ Punjab) HARYANA 0.80 0.77 0.78 0.97 0.98 0.97 0.77 0.75 0. UTTAR PRADESH 0.78 0.78 0.80 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.78 0.76 0. PUNJAB 0.63 0.62 0.62 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.63 0.61 0. Average 0.74 0.72 0.73 0.98 0.99 0.98 0.73 0.71 0. Central Region (Gujarat + Madhya Pradesh + Maharashtra + Rajasthan) GUJARAT 0.95 0.97 0.96 0.85 0.84 0.84 0.81 0.82 0. MADHYA PRADESH 0.88 0.87 0.88 0.91 0.91 0.92 0.78 0.78 0. MAHARASHTRA 0.86 0.98 0.98 0.95 0.98 0.98 0.81 0.96 0. RAJASTHAN 0.82 0.83 0.84 0.92 0.94 0.92 0.73 0.76 0. Average 0.88 0.91 0.92 0.91 0.92 0.92 0.78 0.83 0. Southern Region (Andra Pradesh + Karnataka + Kerala + Tamil Nadu) ANDRA PRADESH 0.95 0.94 0.94 0.97 0.99 0.98 0.92 0.92 0. KARNATAKA 0.84 0.83 0.84 0.94 0.97 0.98 0.78 0.81 0. TAMIL NADU 0.80 0.79 0.78 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.77 0.77 0. KERALA 0.75 0.89 0.89 0.88 0.77 0.72 0.63 0.66 0. Average 0.84 0.86 0.86 0.94 0.93 0.92 0.78 0.79 0. AII INDIA 0.90 0.89 0.90 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.89 0.88 0. Table 5: Simpson Index of Diversification for India and State/Region wise.

Source: Based on the author’s calculations

Findings  (^) Crop diversification rather than crop concentration.  (^) Changing cropping pattern from food crops to Commercial and Horticulture crops is moving towards agricultural sustainability  (^) Eastern & Northeastern Regions: Moving towards coarse cereals, fruits, and vegetables.  (^) North-Western Region: Shift towards oilseeds, fruits, and vegetables.  (^) Central Region: Increasing allocation towards oilseeds and cotton.  (^) Southern Region: Growing areas for sugarcane, cotton, fruits, and vegetables.  (^) Leaders in Diversification: Maharashtra followed by Andhra Pradesh; lowest in Assam.

Suggestions Government Role:

  • (^) Invest in research and development.
  • (^) Provide efficient support services for credit, marketing, processing, and packing.
  • (^) Policy of MSP for high-value crops Education and Awareness:
  • (^) Education on cropping patterns, farm practices, and irrigation management.
  • (^) Creating awareness on commercial farming and on government schemes. FDI in Agriculture:
  • (^) Encourage more Foreign Direct Investment to develop agricultural infrastructure. .

THANK YOU