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Typology: Study notes
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R. alba ( R. canina × R. damascene) R. multiflora R. giganteana R. foetida
1) Hybrid Tea Rose
1) Cutting Propagation of roses by cuttings normally done to raise root stocks for budding. Climbers, ramblers, polyanthus & miniature respond quite well to this method. Hard wood cuttings in case of polyanthus, climbers, ramblers and soft or semi- hard wood cuttings for miniatures are used. Cuttings of 15-20 cm long with 3-4 nodes are collected from healthier plants. Then the cuttings are treated with 100 ppm IAA or IBA , planted in mist chamber for easy and quicker rooting. 2) Budding It is the most popular and successful method for multiplying roses. It provides a large number of plants than cutting as a single shoot of the desired scion bears a number of buds for budding. Seedlings or rootstocks are used for this purpose. T-budding or shield budding is the commercially accepted method for roses Hybrid tea, floribunda and grandiflora roses mainly propagate through budding. Best time for budding in Eastern India- Jan- March Northern India - Dec- Feb In places with mild climate- All the year. When rose plant comes into flowers small swellings are visible between the Stem and the stalk of the leaf. Select the eyes which are plump and not started to elongate or grow. Cut the portions of the branch with the eyes selected is called as bud wood with a budding knife. Remove a shield shaped piece of the bark and the eye. The rootstock should be kept ready by cutting the branches and side shoots which are not required. Make a sharp horizontal cut at a suitable height in the stock and then make a vertical T shaped cut in the stem of the stock. The eyes should be inserted by keeping the eye towards the top and is tied with fibre. Characteristics of a good root stock It should produce strong fibrous root system. It can be easily propagated by cuttings.
It should have vigorous growth habitat, healthy and resistant to pests, diseases and frost. It should have thick bark to hold the bud. It should be free from suckers. It should support the budded plant to survive for a long time. It should withstand a wide range of soils and climatic conditions. Common root stocks
Under protected structure, the first week watering has to be done with sprinklers 5 to 8 times a day. 3 to 4 weeks after planting drip irrigation system is to be employed for uniform watering. Water requirement of roses is 0.75 to 1 litre/plant/day. Manures and Fertilizers 10 kg FYM along with 65 g urea, 25 g SSP and 50 g of MOP per plant is the recommended dose for rose. Applied in 3 phases i.e.
Pruning is the removal of unwanted and unproductive portions of the plant and make the plant more vigorous and productive. Objective of Pruning
The flower buds on these bend out shoots have to be removed. This system allows the leaves to continue the production of energy. And that energy will be utilized by the main shoots to bear quality blooms.
Remove infected leaves as soon as possible , so the disease won’t spread Prune & discard the shoots that are infected Fungicides like mancozeb , penconazole , chlorothasonil applied upon new leaf emergence or first appearance black spot ,can be used to control this disease 3: Powdery mildew - It is one the widely distributed disease of rose. Powdery mildew is prevalent during October to January south India and December to February in north India. Symptoms are noticed on all the aerial part of the plant including flower buds and glooms Typical white powdery patches are formed on young leaves Infected bud don’t open and the plant vigor is checked It occurs when the temperature is mild and RH is high at night and low during day time Control :- Spraying of wettable sulphur 0.3% at 15 days interval is effective Pest :- 4 :- Aphids 5 :- Thrips 6 :- Spider mite Physiological Disorders :- 1: Blind Shoot :- The normal flowering shoot on a greenhouse rose possesses fully expanded sepals, petals and reproductive parts. The failure to develop a flower on the apical end of the stem is a common occurrence. Such shoots are termed as blind woods or blind shoots. Sometimes the sepals and petals are present but the reproductive parts are absent of aborted. Blind shoot is generally short and thin, but it may attain considerable length and thickness when it develops at the top of the plant. This may be caused by low temperature, insufficient lights, chemical residue, insect, pest, fungal diseases and their factors. 2: Bull heads :-
Loose flowers used for preparing perfumes and various other products, also for worshiping are harvested only when they are fully opened. Harvesting starts 4-5 months after planting. Flowers should be harvested early in the morning or late in the afternoon. Late harvest results in short vase life of cut flowers and low oil content. In greenhouses, for every two hours, flowers can be harvested. The stem cut should always be given above a healthy outward pointing bud with clean & sharp secateurs. Post- harvest handling:- Immediately after cutting the stem should be dipped in clean water up to the neck or base of the flower bud. The delay in keeping the cut flowers in water will leads to entry of air and results in vascular blockage.
● The graded cut blooms have to be packed in corrugated card board boxes. ● The size of the boxes varies with the quality and quantity of the roses to be packed. ● A box of 100cm length×32.5cm width and 6.5cm height will accommodate 80 roses of 65-70cm long stems. ● The inside area of the box is lined with thin polythene film and very fine newspaper. Moist tissue paper are spread and to end of the box to provide a cushion to the blooms. ● The blooms are generally packed in bundles of 20 each and bundles are tied with rubber band. ● The lower half of the bundle is wrapped with tissue paper and the flower buds are wrapped in a corrugated paper. ● Two bundles are placed opposite to one another all along the length of boxes.