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MODULE CODE : AIS
QUESTION 1
1.1 Definition of bibliotherapy: According to the dictionary (Good:1966) bibliotherapy is defined as the use of books to influence total development, a process of interaction between the reader and literature which is used for personality assessment,adjustment,growth,clinicaland mental hygiene
purposes ,a concept that ideas interest in selected reading material can have a therapeutic effect upon a material or physical ills of the reader (Wolverton:1988) provided objective perspectives of bibliotherapy (a) Guiding through reading (b) Using books to help solve personal problem (c) Developing life skills (d) Improving self-concept and personality
- It is a healing technique that uses literature to guide true mental ,is a flexible and value- powerful remedy option regularly tailored or used to complement other kinds of therapy proponents of the method advise moderate to moderate symptoms of numerous mood- related conditions can be successfully treated with analysing sports .in the definition by (Bernstein :1989) Bibliotherapy is defined as the self-examination and insights that gained from reading ,no matter what the source .The source can be fiction or nonfiction(in settings ranging from guidance in the library or classroom to formal psychotherapy),self-directed ,or purely accidental. Storytelling, innovative writing and studying have lengthy diagnosed for his or her healing potential. ROLE AS A LIBRARIAN IN THIS PRACTICE
- The facilitator who can be a Bibliotherapist, Librarian, Teacher or psychological have to guide the interaction between the leaner and the reading matter, and determine what form the interaction should take on. The leaner needs to follow the guidance and is aware of the fact that the librarian controls the interaction, it is also obvious to Lungiswa that the librarian has certain aims which must be achieved through bibliotherapy STEPS USED TO ASSIST LUNGISWA WITH THE PROCESS OF BIBLIOTHERAPY
- UNIVERSATILISATION: The client realises that his or her problems are the same as those experienced by others. Lungiswa broke her leg in netball match, and she is enrolled in a school next to the library. She’s been avoiding the library, and her peers since her accident.
- IDENTIFICATION: The patient emerges from introspection long enough to be able to identify with another person or situation. One day her teacher passed by the library and noticed Lungiswa sitting in her usual corner. The teacher started talking talking to the librarian explaining to her that Lungiswa is lately performing poor in her studies and cannot take part in her favourite netball practice.
- CATHARSIS: Catharsis only brings temporary relief from emotion stress, During the conversation between the teacher and the librarian, the librarian suggested bibliotherapy as
- User advice is crucial for information provision. Users expect information practitioners to advise them on certain aspects of their needs and searches
- LIBRARIANS AS USER ADVISORY
- Professional librarians should bring users and nonusers in contact with books and other media. This means that librarians should play an active mediating or facilitating role when communicating with the users. The main concern is with guiding users to the appropriate sources so that valuable ideas and massages should not be lost.(only study guide AIS Prof Meyer, Fourie :105)
- when the user visits the library, we conduct a reference interview, so we get to know the exact information that the user need. The librarian will check his or her tutorial letter to check the prescribe or recommended books, the librarian will check on the Unisa catalogue. STEPS IN DESIGNING A USER ADVISORY PROGRAMME STEP 1 ASSESSING NEEDS AND INTERESTS OF GROUPS
- The first step is to assess user needs through gathering data from readers. One method is to analyse readers actual requests for particular titles: categories of fiction and nonfiction as well as circulation data. Another method is to issue readers with a readers preference form on which they are asked indicate their preferences. STEP 2 CONDUCTING INTERVIEWS WITH INDIVIDUALS
- The librarian can use a number of techniques to obtain information about the interests of the groups. An interview is one way of establishing an individual user needs and interests. May et al (200:43) in their study of readers advisory service, found that most user request for a good books resulted in a non-methodical, information and hoc response from the library staff .A reader’s advisory transaction is defined as an exchange of information between two people with the purpose of one person suggesting text for the others later reading interest to one of them. STEP 3 SETTING AIMS AND OBJECTIVES FOR THE USER ADVICE PROGRAMMES
- General and specific aims and objectives are closely linked .The general aim could be to help users of all ages to make media choices that are relevant to their needs and interests .An aim could be encouraged people to become regular readers as active users of the library. QUESTION 3 SERVICE PRINCIPLES
- The principles of service formulated in the professional guidelines can be narrowed down to two basic service principles namely (1) The community contact and need determination and (2) The access to inform action (only study guide 2017:46) COMMUNITY CONTACT AND DETERMINATION
- Community contact and need determination should invariably be the basis of all services. This principles refers to all the efforts of the librarian or information practitioner to determine the needs of the community of users and non-users who may benefit from the liability service (Lifla/unesco guidelines 2001/Russia guidelines 2000) CONTACT THE COMMUNITY
- The main concern is to keep abreast of activities and events in the community and make an active scientific study of all the community’s communication needs. The community’s acceptance of the library is crucial for a successful service constant liaison with all the organisation and group is therefore essentials (only study guide AIS3703 2017:46)
- The Collis guideline (1994:2) highlights the constructive participation of the community in negotiation with service institutions ,such as the library .The importance of including all the interested parties in the decision making process 5077 to ensure democracy at micro level, She refers to liaison with innovators ,community leaders ,The public specialists information workers and sponsors and believes that participation by all of them can also enrich library and information services at macro level (Karisson 1993:507) Morris(1992:96) suggested or rather discussed the creation of the user panels to interview certain target groups in order to determine needs ,user forums and open days have a dual purpose ,namely promoting and marketing certain aspects of service and encouraging feedback by the public. DETERMINE THE NEEDS BASED ON COMMUNITY [PROFILES
- User needs ore often inferred by analysing circulation records and visiting user patterns, These methods test the interest and preferences of library users, but don’t cover the needs of non-users community profiling is the method used to establish who do not uses the the community library and who do not use it (Prytherch 1988:23) One way of of determining gabs in service delivery is by means of user surveys .Community profiles based on such surveys as well as well as census data and other sources ,every public library must develop a community profile and update it regularly to identify potential users describe their needs and make note of the factors .When a library has compile a community profile it is possible to do necessary planning ,it provides insight into the service that should expanded or reduced ,The categories of people who don’t use the library information material to purchase and the type of training its personnel would require to be able to serve the users (Prytherch 1988:23) When developing a profile different kinds of information have to be gathered from specific types of sources
- Gather geographic information of the local environment.
relevance and usability of the and usability of the information sources .The accessibility information and users information skills. A NUMBER OF FACTORS DETERMINE PEOPLES ACCESS INFORMATION
- Geography topography and architecture
- Cost and funding
- Technology
- User and service interface like opening times,lake of time user friendless and bureaucracy (Harris 1992:49)
- Access to information is specifically a problem in developing communities because the gab between the information rich and the information poor is widening by the day. The information rich includes countries communities or groups who have sufficient access to information as a resource (also as a results of information technology) and know how to use and benefit from the information, indeed many libraries report a decline in circulating statistics and an increase in website use ,because their internet work station provide reasonable access to full-text databased(Jackson 2000:42) however information poor usually have limited access to information and have little or no share in the benefits of information(Swanepoel &Boom 1989:235) QUESTION 4 PLANNING A COMMUNITY OUTREACH RESOURCE CENTRE
- According to Karlsson(1993:501-502),a community recourse centre can be defined as a space or building in which human and other resources in variety of media (for example books, journals, newspapers, film, slides, video and cassettes ,three- dimensional objects and more and equipment(for example recorder ,cameras , computers, photocopiers ,printers,fax machine) are arranged or made accessible in an appropriate manner for the purpose of empowering people through information dissemination, production, skills and resources sharing .A resource centre incorporates community involvement and participating at all levels. Learning and interaction occur directly with these resources. The aim of a resource centre is to facilitate empowerment , social change and also transformation. Developing a democratic management style and empowering users through skills development and training are aims that are unique to the resource centre , to some extend. Other aims do not differ markedly from those of the public library ( AIS 3703 STUDY GUIDE 2017: 134) STEPS TO FOLLLOW FOR DEVELOPING THE OUTREACH CENTRE. This following steps needs to be followed when developing the community outreach resource centre include the following ( AIS3703 STUDYGUIDE 2017:134) 1. Focus to develop new community programmes The focus ares should be determined ; and should include the development of new programmes foe various groups such as illiterate adults 2. Align programmes with the purpose of the centre When embarking on the development of a centre , it is essential to clearly state why the particular organisation wishes to develop such centre. 3. Inform and get buy-in from the legal owners It is important to keep the legal owner of the centre informed ; and to provide them with an outline of what the planned community’s participation involves. The owner needs to approve this focus. 4.Plan purchases or acquiring strategies for materials for collections The material should be purchase suitable for an adults who just learnt to read. 5. Organise and position collections.
