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All Name Reactions for b pharmacy secomd sem, Lecture notes of Organic Chemistry

Organic chemistry all name reactions

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2018/2019

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PCM ENCYCLOPEDIA www.pcmpedia.blogspot.in 8445151733
1
Important Name Reactions of Chemistry in
Class 12th CBSE and ISC Board
INDEX
1. Sandmeyer Reaction
2. Gattermann Reaction
3. Balz-Schiemann Reaction
4. Finkelstein Reaction
5. Swartz Reaction
6. Wurtz Reaction
7. Fitting Reaction
8. Wurtz - Fittig Reaction
9. Kolbe's Reaction
10. Reimer- Tiemann Reaction
11. Rosenmund Reduction
12. Gattermann - Koch Reaction
13. Stephen Reaction or Stephen Reduction
14. Clemmensen Reduction
15. Wolff - Kishner Reduction
16. Haloform Reaction (Iodoform Reaction)
17. Aldol Condensation
18. Cannizzaro Reaction
19. Friedel - Crafts Reaction
20. Grignard Synthesis
21. Esterification Reaction or Fischer Esterification
22. Williamson Synthesis
23. Diazotisation Reaction
24. Etard Reaction
25. Hell - Volhard Zelinsky Reaction
26. Decarboxylation Reaction
27. Hofmann Bromide Reaction
28. Gabriel Phthalimide Synthesis
29. Coupling Reaction
30. Carbylamine Reaction
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Important Name Reactions of Chemistry in

Class 12th CBSE and ISC Board

INDEX

  1. Sandmeyer Reaction
  2. Gattermann Reaction
  3. Balz-Schiemann Reaction
  4. Finkelstein Reaction
  5. Swartz Reaction
  6. Wurtz Reaction
  7. Fitting Reaction
  8. Wurtz - Fittig Reaction
  9. Kolbe's Reaction
  10. Reimer- Tiemann Reaction
  11. Rosenmund Reduction
  12. Gattermann - Koch Reaction
  13. Stephen Reaction or Stephen Reduction
  14. Clemmensen Reduction
  15. Wolff - Kishner Reduction
  16. Haloform Reaction (Iodoform Reaction)
  17. Aldol Condensation
  18. Cannizzaro Reaction
  19. Friedel - Crafts Reaction
  20. Grignard Synthesis
  21. Esterification Reaction or Fischer Esterification
  22. Williamson Synthesis
  23. Diazotisation Reaction
  24. Etard Reaction
  25. Hell - Volhard Zelinsky Reaction
  26. Decarboxylation Reaction
  27. Hofmann Bromide Reaction
  28. Gabriel Phthalimide Synthesis
  29. Coupling Reaction
  30. Carbylamine Reaction

1. SANDMEYER REACTION

The DIAZONIUM (C 6 H 5 N 2 Cl) is prepared by treating ice cold solution of ANILINE (C 6 H 5 NH 2 ) in excess of dilute HCl with an aqueous solution of NaNO 2 at low temperature (0-5)°C and the reaction is known as DIAZOTIZATION REACTION. BROMO and CHLORO ALKANES can be prepared by treating a freshly prepared DIAZONIUM SALT with CUPPEROUS BROMIDE or CUPPEROUS CHLORIDE and this reaction is called as SANDMEYER REACTION.

2. GATTERMANN REACTION

This Reaction is same as SANDMEYER REACTION. But the only difference between both of them is that here we use COPPER POWDER (Cu) in the presence of HCl/HBr , and in SANDMEYER REACTION we use Cu 2 Cl 2 /Cu 2 Br 2 as catalyst.

6. WURTZ REACTION

ALKYL HALIDE/HALOALKANE react with metallic SODIUM in the presence of DRY ETHER to form ALKANE containing double the no. of CARBON atom as present in parent ALKYL HALIDE.

7. FITTIG REACTION

Aryl Halides prepared with Sodium (Na) in dry ether to give analogous compounds where two aryl groups joined.

8. WURTZ-FITTIG REACTION

When a mixture of Alkyl Halide and Aryl Halide gets treated with sodium in dry ether, we get an Alkyl Arene.

9. KOLBE-SCHMITT REACTION

SODIUM PHENOXIDE (C 6 H 5 ONa) when heated with CARBON DIOXIDE (CO 2 ) at 400 Kelvin under a pressure of (4-7)atm followed by acidification gives 2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID (SALICYLIC ACID) as the main product. This Reaction is called KOLBE’S REACTION.

10. REIMER TIEMANN REACTION

When PHENOL (C 6 H 5 OH) reacts with CHLOROFORM (CHCl 3 ) in the presence of NaOH (SODIUM HYDROXIDE), a CHO group is introduced at ortho position of the Ring. This Reaction is known as REIMER TIEMANN REACTION.

14. CLEMMENSEN REDUCTION

Aldehyde and Ketone are reduced to corresponding hydrocarbon when they are reacted with a mixture of Zinc Mercury Alloy and Concentrated HCl. This reaction is called as Clemmensen Reduction.

15. WOLFF - KISHNER REDUCTION

Carbonyl group of Aldehydes and Ketones on treatment with Hydrazine which on heating with Potassium Hydroxide in high boiling solvent (ethylene glycol) reduced to CH 2 group.

17. ALDOL CONDENSATION

In this Reaction two Molecules of an ALDEHYDE or a KETONE condense in presence of a Dilute ALKALI ( Dilute NaOH, Na 2 CO 3 , Ba(OH) 2 etc.) to form a  -hydroxyaldehyde or  -hydroxyketone resp. These -hydroxyaldehydes or ketones are collectively called ALDOLS.

18. CANNIZZARO REACTION

ALDEHYDES which do not contain a  – hydrogen atom when treated with concentrated ALKALI SOLUTION (NaOH) undergo disproportionation reaction , i.e. self-Oxidation/Reduction. As a result one molecule is oxidized to CARBOXYLIC ACID and another molecule is reduced to ALCOHOL.

27. HOFMANN BROMIDE REACTION

When a Primary AMIDE is treated with an Aqueous or Alcoholic NaOH (SODIUM HYDROXIDE) or KOH (POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE) solution and BROMINE , it gives a Primary AMINE which has one CARBON atom less than the original A MIDE.

28. GABRIEL PHTHALIMIDE SYNTHESIS

Phthalimide prepared with Ethanolic Potassium Hydroxide produces Potassium salt of Phthalimide when heated with Alkyl Halide followed by Alkaline hydrolysis forms the corresponding primary Amine.

29. COUPLING REACTION

Benzene diazonium chloride gets reacted with phenol in which the phenol molecule at its para position is mixed with the diazonium salt to give p- hydroxyazobenzene.

30. CARBYLAMINE REACTION

Primary amine (both aliphatic and aromatic) when warmed with chloroform and alcoholic KOH, gives isocyanides (carbylamines). This is called carbylamine reaction. Carbylamines has an offensive smell. This reaction is answered only by primary amine and hence to distinguish primary amine from other classes of amines.

Preparation of Iodobenzene

Replacement of the DIAZONIUM Group by IODINE is done simply by Shaking the DIAZONIUM SALT with KI.