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All Subject Study Guide for (Physics, biology, chemistry, 7th Grade Comprehinsive math, english, and
spanish) Exam| Actual Questions and Answers 100% Correct| Latest Update 2025
Homeostasiswhen external conditions change ✔✔When organisms maintain a stable internal environment even
Metabolismorganism ✔✔Combination of chemical reactions taking place within an
Stimulus ✔✔A signal to which an organism responds Biosphere ✔✔Means "living planet" Robert Hookethe name to cells ✔✔Scientist who looked at cork through a microscope and gave
Light Microscope ✔✔A type of microscope Can magnify 1000x Not as strong as other microscopes Uses light Scanning Electron Microscope ✔✔A type of microscope Can magnify 100,000x Uses electron beams focused by magnetic fields
Used to see surface of objects Transmission Electron MicroscopeCan magnify 100,000x ✔✔A type of microscope Uses electron beams focused by magnetic fieldsUsed to see internal details of objects
Electron microscopes ✔✔Cannot look at living cells Their beam of electrons destroys cells Proteins ✔✔Mosaic part of the Fluid-Mosaic model Phospholipids ✔✔Fluid part of the Fluid-Mosaic model Diffusionconcentration until they reach equilibrium ✔✔Small particles move from greater concentration to lesser
Osmosis ✔✔Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane LipidIs not made of repeated units ✔✔Macromolecule that is not a polymer Is merely a large molecule Chitin ✔✔Protection/structure polysaccharide in animals
Diploid ✔✔Term meaning to have 2 sets of chromosomes Somatic cells HaploidReproductive cells ✔✔Term meaning to have 1 set of chromosomes
Speed ✔✔The rate at wich an object moves (m/s) acceleration(m/s/s) ✔✔the rate at wich an object changes velcity, speed, or direction
force ✔✔a push or a pull (N) work ✔✔the transfer of energy (j)
power ✔✔the rate at wich work is done (w) energy ✔✔the ability to do work (j) massinetria (kg) ✔✔1)the ammountof matterr in an object 2)the measure of an objects
inertia ✔✔the tendency of an object to resist changes in motion (kg)
weight ✔✔the measureof gravity acting upon an object (N) normal force ✔✔the reaction force that is perpendicular to the surface (N) hooke's lawproportional to the distance (N) ✔✔the force necesary to extend or compress a spring is directly
mechanical energy ✔✔the sum of all energys (j) potenial energy ✔✔energy due to location (j) kinetic energy ✔✔energy due to motion (j)
elastic energybungee cord (j) ✔✔energy stored in pulled/compressed spring, rubber band or
law of conservation of energytransformed ✔✔energy cannot be created nor destroyed only
net force ✔✔sum of all forces (N) speed formula ✔✔S=d/t
light ✔✔candela electricity ✔✔amperes light speed ✔✔3*10^
longitudal waveswave ✔✔the particles of a wave vibrate PARALLEL to the direction of a
transverse wavesdirection of the wave ✔✔a wave in wich particles move PERPENDICULAR to the
surface waveof a ifferent media. particles mov in circular motion. ✔✔the combination of transverse and longitudinal at the boundry
frequency ✔✔the number of waves pasing a location every second (Hz) frequency formula ✔✔f=(landa)/v period ✔✔the time wich it takes one wave to pass (sec) period formula ✔✔T=1/f
wavespeed ✔✔the rate at wich a wave moves (m/s) wave speed formula ✔✔V=(landa)*f
wave interferencesame time ✔✔2 waves (unlike objects) can occupy the same place at the
constructive interference ✔✔displacments are in same direction destructive ✔✔displacements are in opposite directions standing wave ✔✔appers to not be moving
electromagnetic wavemedium ✔✔can travel the vacum of outer space. doesnt need a
Meter ✔✔SI unit for length Kilogram ✔✔SI unit for mass Second ✔✔SI unit for time
Kelvin ✔✔SI unit for temperature
Homogeneous mixture ✔✔A mixture that is uniform throughout Heterogeneous mixture ✔✔A mixture that is not uniform throughout Saturation ✔✔The state when the solvent cannot take in any more solute Suspension ✔✔A heterogeneous mixture where particles eventually settle Colloid ✔✔A heterogeneous mixture where the particles never settle Sublimation ✔✔The state change when solids turn directly into gases Deposition ✔✔The state change when gases turn directly into solids Plasma ✔✔State of matter when electrons separate from their nuclei Cation ✔✔Type of ion that is smaller than the original atom
Anion ✔✔Type of ion that is larger than the original atom Ionization energy ✔✔The energy required to take an electron away from its atom Electronegativity ✔✔The ability of an atom to attract shared electrons to itself
Electron affinity ✔✔The energy change associated with the gaining of electrons Polarityelectrons ✔✔Charge separation resulting from unequal sharing of bonded
Filtration ✔✔Method of separating mixtures Based on running mixture through a filter Filtrate ✔✔The liquid that runs through a filter during filtration Residue ✔✔The solid that remains in the filter during filtration Distillation ✔✔Method of separating mixtures Depends on boiling liquids with different boiling pointsCondenses different vapors to get components
ChromatographyUses mobile and stationary phases ✔✔Method of separating mixtures Depends on components having different affinities for the mobile phase andbeing carried different distances
Solvent Front ✔✔Line where solvent stops running up stationary phase
Caused by fluctuations in electron clouds that cause reactions from other atomsand cause dipoles to form
Synthesis ✔✔Reaction with formula A+B->C Decomposition ✔✔Reaction with formula C->A+B Single Replacement ✔✔Reaction with formula A+BC->B+AC Double Replacement ✔✔Reaction with formula AB+CD->AD+CB Combustion ✔✔Reaction with formula X+O2->Y(+Z) Redox ✔✔A reaction where electrons move from one atom to another Oxidation State ✔✔Term for the charge on atoms in a redox reaction Oxidation ✔✔When an atom loses electrons during a reaction Reduction ✔✔When an atom gains electrons during a reaction Oxidizing Agentsubstance to be oxidized and is reduced in the process ✔✔A substance in a redox reaction that causes another
Reducing Agentsubstance to be reduced and is oxidized in the process ✔✔A substance in a redox reaction that causes another
Spectator Ionsprecipitate ✔✔The ions in a double replacement reaction that do not
Net Ionic Equationnot include spectator ions ✔✔The equation of a double replacement reaction that does
The land bridge that the first humans crossed over ✔✔Bering strait (Beringia) 2 native civilizations to last till the Europeans ✔✔Olmecs and Myans 2 European civilizations ✔✔Inca and Aztecs Early north American native peoples lived in pueblos and their other name wasthe "mound builders" ✔✔Anasazi
New England colonies ✔✔New Hampshire Massachusetts Connecticut Rhode island Middle colonies ✔✔New York Pennsylvania
Gulf peoplewere cannibals ✔✔called Karankawa live near the shores mainly fished, very warlike,
Puebloen people ✔✔called the Jamano, adobe buildings First 4 countries (nation states) ✔✔Spain Portugal France England The vikings are from ✔✔Scandinavia the boats they used were called ✔✔long boats Leif Erikson ✔✔led the exploration and found vinland the 3 boats led by Christopher ColumbusPinta ✔✔Nina Santa Maria Protestant of Reformation ✔✔nailed 95 complaints onto a church Joint stock companiescompany ✔✔an investor bought stock or part ownership of a
John Rolfe ✔✔brought us Tabaco seeds Head right systemyears. ✔✔a land grant 50 acres of land to people who pay over 15
Plymoth colonyblown north and sailed into Cape cod bay and created the Mayflower Contract. ✔✔for religious reasons people get on to the mayflower and get
parliment ✔✔body with power of principle government Albany plan of Unionwith the Iroquois. ✔✔colonists realized the war with French, we ask for allies
The Stamp Actbuy a stamp ✔✔proposed by the minister on any piece of paper you need to
Boston Tea Partyall the tea from inside of the boats into the water ✔✔when the people did not like the tax on tea so they dumped
important US mountain range at the east of the Mississippi riverAppalachian Mountains ✔✔The
constitutional conventionland policies. ✔✔to protect property rights and to pay off debt and
Sectionalism ✔✔shows favor to 1 section over the other whiskey rebellionrebellion ✔✔put taxes on whiskey got the farmers mad and turned into a
French Revolution ✔✔the french did not like the monarchy Proclamation of neutrality ✔✔proclaimed we are partial to both
Jays treaty ✔✔British would move their forts but would not stop impressment Earliest Americans ✔✔nomadic, hunter-gatherers Anasazi ✔✔the mound builders live in the 4 corners and cliff dwellers Columbus(from Spain) ✔✔Discovered Americas in 1492 Magellan(from Spain) ✔✔Sailed around the world, died on the way
De Soto(from Spain)Mississippi ✔✔explored the southern area, died and was dropped in the
Cornado(from Spain) ✔✔found fluffy cows (buffalo)
Cabeza De Vaca (from Spain)seven cities of Sebola ✔✔stranded in Texas, starts the legends of The
Cartier(France) ✔✔found Saint Lawrence river an NW passage La Salle (France) ✔✔sailed the Mississippi to Saint Louis Cabot(England) ✔✔Discovers Newfound Land Hudson(England) ✔✔Hudson bay and river Motivation for exploration ✔✔Gold Glory God
Mission Persidiothey got friars and solders to stay in forts and spread the Spanish culture to the ✔✔the Spaniards thought that the French would attack them so people Jamestown ✔✔first successful English colony Slavery ✔✔is a life long worker Indentured slaves ✔✔have contracts for working
