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Alexia | - | Correct | answer | ✔the | loss | of | the | ability | to | read, | usually | the | result | of | brain | injury aphasia | - | Correct | answer | ✔the | loss | or | impairment | of | the | ability | to | use | and | comprehend | words | as | the | result | of | brain | injury articulation | - | Correct | answer | ✔the | act | or | manner | of | producing | sounds echolalia | - | Correct | answer | ✔imitation | of | mother's | sounds, | rhythm, | and | tone hyperlexia | - | Correct | answer | ✔superior | ability | to | read | words | without | comprehension lexicon | - | Correct | answer | ✔an | inventory | of | word | knowledge, | either | spoken | or | written otitis | media | - | Correct | answer | ✔inflammation | of | the | middle | ear | that | can | lead | to | temporary | conductive | hearing | loss | or, | sometimes, | permanent | hearing | loss. | A | young | child | who | experiences | hearing | loss | from | otitis | media | may | have | resulting | speech | or | language | difficulties
Strands | of | language | - | Correct | answer | ✔1. | phonology
- | semantics
- | syntax
- | discourse
- | reading
- | writing phonology | - | Correct | answer | ✔sounds | of | letters semantics | - | Correct | answer | ✔word | meaning | in | language normal | phonological | development | requires... | - | Correct | answer | ✔the | ability | to | hear | normally | and | to | produce | babbling phonological | production | is | largely | complete | by | age: | - | Correct | answer | ✔four alphabetic | language | - | Correct | answer | ✔a | language | in | which | letters | are | used | systematically | to | represent | speech | sounds | or | phonemes alphabetic | principle | - | Correct | answer | ✔the | use | of | letters | and | letter | clusters | to | represent | phonemes | in | an | orthography
cooperative | learning | - | Correct | answer | ✔instructional | approach | in | which | students | work | together | rather | than | compete | to | solve | a | problem | or | complete | a | task. corrective | feedback | - | Correct | answer | ✔teacher | responses | during | and | following | practice | of | a | skill | that | is | sensitive | to | a | student's | level | and | that | guides | him | or | her | closer | to | mastery cumulative | - | Correct | answer | ✔having | new | learning | that | is | based | upon | previously | learned | elements diagnostic | teaching | - | Correct | answer | ✔teaching | that | uses | observation | and | format | and | informal | assessments | to | measure | student | progress | against | expected | performance | standards direct | instruction | - | Correct | answer | ✔instruction | that | id | delivered | without | vagueness | or | ambiguity, | leaving | no | question | as | to | the | meaning. | Also | known | as | explicit | instruction domains | of | language | - | Correct | answer | ✔language | systems. | phonology, | syntax, | morphology, | and | orthography | are | language | systems | that | deal | with | the | form | of | language. | Semantics | deals | with | the | content | of | language. | Pragmatics | deals | with | the | use | of | language. embedded | phonics | - | Correct | answer | ✔phonological | awareness | and | phonic | taught | simplicity | through | the | reading | or | real | words | in | text
etymology | - | Correct | answer | ✔the | history | of | word | origins | and | development euphony | - | Correct | answer | ✔pleasing | to | the | ear. | A | harmonious | succession | of | words | having | a | pleasing | sound explicit | instruction | - | Correct | answer | ✔instruction | delivered | without | vagueness | or | ambiguity, | leaving | no | question | as | to | the | meaning. | Also | known | as | direct | instruction Fernald | Method | - | Correct | answer | ✔technique | for | learning | words | that | involves | the | visual, | auditory, | kinesthetic, | and | tactile | modalities. | The | student | looks | at | a | word | while | saying | and | tracing | it. Figurative | language | - | Correct | answer | ✔language | that | avoids | the | use | of | the | exact | meanings | of | words | and | uses | exaggeration, | metaphors, | and | embellishments Greek | - | Correct | answer | ✔the | language | of | the | ancient | Greeks | whose | morphemes | form | scientific | terms. Guided | discovery | - | Correct | answer | ✔manner | of | presenting | new | material | or | concepts | so | that | they | can | be | deduced | or | discovered | by | the | students. homographs | - | Correct | answer | ✔words | that | have | different | meanings | but | share | the | same | spelling. | The | pronunciations | may | be | the | same | or | different | (wind/wind)
linguistics | - | Correct | answer | ✔study | of | the | production, | properties, | structure, | meaning, | and | or | use | of | language. Logographic | Writing | System | - | Correct | answer | ✔a | system | in | which | pictures | represent | the | words | of | a | language | (Chinese). | If | English | were | treated | as | a | logographic | writing | system, | it | would | contain | over | 600,000 | pictures. metaphor | - | Correct | answer | ✔a | figure | of | speech | in | which | a | word | or | phrase | that | means | one | thing | is | used, | through | implication, | to | mean | something | else | (the | ship | plows | the | sea) multiple | meanings | - | Correct | answer | ✔different | meanings | for | the | same | word. polygot | - | Correct | answer | ✔a | language | that | is | derived | from | several | languages. | English | is | a | polyglot | language, | derived | primarily | from | the | Anglo-Saxon, | Latin, | and | Greek | languages pragmatics | - | Correct | answer | ✔a | set | of | rules | that | dictates | behavior | for | communicative | intentions | in | a | particular | context | and | the | rules | of | conversations | or | discourse prefix | - | Correct | answer | ✔a | letter | or | group | of | letters | added | to | the | beginning | of | a | base | word.
Rapid | Automatized | Naming | - | Correct | answer | ✔the | rapid | naming | of | a | series | of | printed | objects, | colors, | numbers, | or | letters | repeated | over | and | over | in | random | order. semantics | - | Correct | answer | ✔the | meaning | that | conveyed | by | language. simile | - | Correct | answer | ✔an | explicit | comparison | of | two | unlike | things, | usually | with | the | word | like | or | as suffix | - | Correct | answer | ✔a | letter | or | group | of | letters | added | to | the | end | of | a | based | word. synonyms | - | Correct | answer | ✔words | with | similar | meaning syntax | - | Correct | answer | ✔the | system | by | which | word | may | be | ordered | in | phrases | and | sentences; | sentence | structure; | grammar synthetic | instruction | - | Correct | answer | ✔instruction | or | a | process | that | begins | with | the | parts | and | builds | to | the | whole. synthetic | phonics | - | Correct | answer | ✔starts | with | individual | letter | sounds | that | are | blended | together | to | form | a | word. amphi- | - | Correct | answer | ✔both/around
chloro- | - | Correct | answer | ✔green chrono | - | Correct | answer | ✔time geo- | - | Correct | answer | ✔earth graph | - | Correct | answer | ✔write litho- | - | Correct | answer | ✔stone logo- | - | Correct | answer | ✔word, | reason, | science | of, | speech meter | - | Correct | answer | ✔measure philo- | - | Correct | answer | ✔loving phono- | - | Correct | answer | ✔sound polis | - | Correct | answer | ✔city theo- | - | Correct | answer | ✔God
therm- | - | Correct | answer | ✔heat Chall's | Development | Model | of | Reading-Stage | 0 | - | Correct | answer | ✔*pre- reading | stage *birth | to | age | six *beginning | of | language | awareness *recognition | and | naming | letters | of | alphabet *recognition | of | environmental | print *understand | the | relationship | between | pictures | & | print *understand | relationship | between | written | and | spoken | words ability | to | rhyme, | to | use | alliteration, | to | segment | units | of | speech Chall's | Development | Model | for | Reading-Stage | 1 | - | Correct | answer | ✔decoding *age | six | to | seven; | first | & | second | grades *understanding | of | the | alphabetic | principle increased | awareness | of | letter-sound | correspondences Chall's | Development | Model | for | Reading-Stage | 2 | - | Correct | answer | ✔confirmation *grade | 3 *critical | stage | for | the | developing | reader *confirmation | of | learning | from | previous | stages *gaining | fluency
resonance | imaging, | in | which | the | patient's | body | is | placed | in | a | magnetic | field | and | resulting | images | are | processed | by | computer | to | produce | an | image | of | contrasting | adjacent | tissues neuropsychology | - | Correct | answer | ✔a | science | that | integrates | psychological | observations | of | behavior | and | mind | with | the | observations | of | the | brain. orthographic | processor | - | Correct | answer | ✔processes | the | perception | of | letter | sequences phonological | processing | - | Correct | answer | ✔perception, | interpretation, | recall, | and | production | of | language | at | the | level | of | the | speech | sound | system. phonological | processor | - | Correct | answer | ✔processes | the | mapping | of | letters | to | their | spoken | equivalents word | blindness | - | Correct | answer | ✔term | used | in | the | late | 19th | and | early | 20th | century | for | dyslexia. | Word | blindness | now | refers | to | alexia, | the | loss | of | the | ability | to | read | due | to | brain | injury Broca's | area | - | Correct | answer | ✔an | anterior | system | in | the | left | inferior | frontal | region | for | articulation | and | slower | word | analysis Parieto-temporal | - | Correct | answer | ✔step-by-step | word | reading
occipito-temporal | - | Correct | answer | ✔word | form | area | for | skilled, | rapid | reading ADHD | - | Correct | answer | ✔short | attention | span, | hyperactive | motor | behavior, | impulsive | or | poor | impulse | control, | inattentive, | does | not | finish | things | started, | failed | to | heed | instructions, | low | frustration | tolerance, | difficulty | in | completing | expected | work | and | assignments, | restless, | talks | excessively, | immature | social | behavior, | constantly | fidgeting, | etc. Dyscalculia | - | Correct | answer | ✔failure | to | learn | quantity | concepts, | number | symbols, | and | manipulation | of | number | symbols. Dysgraphia | - | Correct | answer | ✔difficulty | in | learning | handwriting | despite | conventional | instruction, | adequate | intelligence, | etc, | and | difficulty | in | putting | thoughts | on | paper. dysnomia | - | Correct | answer | ✔difficulty | in | word | finding dysphasia | - | Correct | answer | ✔loss | of | ability | to | use | or | understand | language | due | to | brain | injury | or | disease. motor | system | disorder | - | Correct | answer | ✔incoordination | and | clumsiness. | In | a | severe | form-developmental | dyspraxia | which | can | affect | speech.
the | test | was | created; | must | be | administered | and | scored | following | procedures | prescribed | in | the | manual | accompanying | the | test. informal | testing | - | Correct | answer | ✔tests | that | are | structured | but | not | standardized; | they | typically | follow | the | format | of | standardized | tests, | but | presentation | can | be | modified | to | probe | the | student's | responses | in | ways | that | are | not | permissible | with | standardizes | tests. interdisciplinary | evaluation | - | Correct | answer | ✔a | thorough | evaluation | conducted | by | a | team | of | specialists | to | determine | the | exact | learning | needs | of | a | student | and | to | propose | an | appropriate | educational | plan. | The | team | could | include: | a | diagnostician, | a | speech/language | pathologist, | a | developmental | pediatrician, | and/or | an | occupational | therapist. modifications | - | Correct | answer | ✔a | term | used | to | refer | to | changes | in | how | an | alternate | assessment | is | administered. Norm-referenced | test | - | Correct | answer | ✔assessment | of | performances | in | relation | to | that | of | the | norm | group | used | in | the | standardization | of | the | test. | Norm-referenced | tests | produce | scores | that | permit | comparisons | between | a | student | and | other | children | of | the | same | age. | All | norm | referenced | tests | are | standardized. percentile | rank | - | Correct | answer | ✔how | a | student | is | achieving | in | comparison | to | the | normative | sample performance | assessment | - | Correct | answer | ✔an | assessment | that | is | used | to | demonstrate | competency
reliability | - | Correct | answer | ✔consistency | with | which | and | assessment | instrument | measures | information rubric | - | Correct | answer | ✔details | the | criteria | used | for | scoring running | record | - | Correct | answer | ✔part | of | an | informal | reading | assessment | that | identifies | a | student's | error | patterns | and | fluency screening/indicator | - | Correct | answer | ✔an | assessment | that | is | given | to | identify | students | at | risk | for | reading | difficulties standard | deviation | - | Correct | answer | ✔the | average | variability | of | scores | around | the | group | mean. | The | larger | the | standard | deviation, | the | more | "spread" | there | is | in | the | distribution. | If | a | distribution | has | a | standard | deviation | of | 0, | every | score | in | that | group | is | exactly | the | same. standardized | tests | - | Correct | answer | ✔tests | that | are | standardized | using | a | carefully | selected | sample | of | people | representative | of | the | larger | group | of | people | for | whom | the | test | was | created, | must | be | administered | and | scored | following | procedures | prescribed | in | the | manual | accompanying | the | test. summative | assessment | - | Correct | answer | ✔an | assessment | that | measures | knowledge | that | has | been | gained
several | subtests | including | pseudoword | decoding. | Pseudoword | decoding | requires | the | student | to | read | nonsense | words | aloud | from | a | list. Woodcock | Reading | Mastery | Test | - | Correct | answer | ✔It | provides | an | expanded | interpretive | system | age | range | to | help | assess | reading | skills. | It | offers | two | forms, | G | and | H. | The | following | skills | are | assessed: | visual-auditory | learning, | letter | identification, | word | identification, | word | attack, | word | comprehension, | passage | comprehension. | It | is | appropriate | for | grades | K-16 | and | for | ages | 5-75. | Each | cluster | of | individually | administered | tests | requires | 10 | to | 30 | minutes | to | administer. Basic | Reading-Wechsler | Individual | Achievement | Test | - | Correct | answer | ✔Naming | letters, | phonological | skills, | and | reading | words | aloud | from | lists. | Only | the | accuracy | of | the | pronunciation | is | scored. | Student | responds | orally | to | pictures | and | printed | words | as | a | measure | of | decoding | ability Letter | Word | Identification-Woodcock | Johnson | III | - | Correct | answer | ✔Letter- Word | Identification | subtest | assesses | the | student's | word | decoding | skills. | The | easiest | set | of | items | requires | the | students | to | identify | letters | that | appear | in | large | type | and | then | to | pronounce | simple | words | correctly. | The | most | difficult | items | still | involve | asking | the | student | to | pronounce | words | correctly, | however, | the | student | does | not | need | to | know | the | meaning | of | the | words. Word | Identification-Woodcock | Reading | Mastery | Test | - | Correct | answer | ✔The | word | identification | subtest | measures | an | individual's | ability | to | recognize | words | at | sight.
Test | of | Word | Reading | Efficiency | (TOWRE) | - | Correct | answer | ✔It | is | a | nationally | normed | measure | of | word | reading | accuracy | and | fluency. | The | test | provides | a | means | of | monitoring | the | reading | ability | for | familiar | words | and | the | ability | to | "sound | out" | words | quickly. Gray | Oral | Reading | Tests, | 4th | Ed | (GORT) | - | Correct | answer | ✔It | provides | an | efficient | and | objective | measure | of | growth | in | oral | reading | and | an | aid | in | the | diagnosis | of | oral | reading | difficulties. | Five | scores | give | information | on | a | student's | oral | reading | skills | in | terms | of: | Rate, | accuracy, | fluency, | comprehension, | overall | reading | ability. | It | is | appropriate | for | students | aged | 6 | through | 18. Gates-MacGinite | Reading | Comprehension | Tests, | 4th | Ed. | (GMRT) | - | Correct | answer | ✔They | are | norm-referenced | tests | for | measuring | reading | achievement | ranging | from | pre-reading | abilities | through | adult | reading. | Levels | 1-12 | were | designed | to | provide | a | general | assessment | of | reading | achievement. | At | these | levels | the | students | are | Word | Decoding, | Word | Knowledge, | and | Comprehension. Gray | Silent | Reading | Test | (GSRT) | - | Correct | answer | ✔It | will | quickly | and | efficiently | measure | an | individual's | silent | reading | comprehension | ability. | It | consists | of | two | parallel | forms, | each | containing | 13 | developmentally | sequenced | reading | passages | with | five | multiple | choice | question. Passage | Comprehnsion-Woodcock | Johnson | III | Tests | of | Achievement | - | Correct | answer | ✔Its | a | subtest | that | assesses | the | student's | language | comprehension | and | reading | skills. | The | easiest | questions | ask | the | student | to | match | a | "rebus" | with | a | more | detailed | drawing | of | the | object. | The | next | items | ask | the | student | to | point | to | the | picture | represented | by | a | word | or | phrase. | The |
