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This study guide provides a concise overview of key concepts related to electrocardiography (ecg) and cardiac physiology, essential for medical assistants and healthcare professionals. It covers anatomical terminology, cardiac rhythms, ecg lead placement, and common dysrhythmias. The guide includes questions and answers to reinforce learning and prepare for certification exams, focusing on practical knowledge for patient care and diagnostic accuracy. It also touches on basic pharmacology related to cardiac conditions, such as the use of digoxin, nitroglycerin, and warfarin. Designed to enhance understanding of cardiac function and ecg interpretation, aiding in the accurate assessment and management of cardiac patients.
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Ventral ✔✔front part of body Dorsal ✔✔back part of body Posterior ✔✔toward the back part of body Anterior ✔✔in front of Medial ✔✔toward the midline Lateral ✔✔away from the midline Proximal ✔✔closest to the point of origin Distal ✔✔away from the point of origin
Frontal plane ✔✔divides the body into front and back portions Transverse plane ✔✔divides the body into upper and lower portions Normal Anatomic Position (NAP) ✔✔standing with arms lank and palms forward Supine position ✔✔lying on back, facing upward Prone position ✔✔lying on abdomen, facing downward (head may be turned to one side) Lateral recumbent position ✔✔The patient is lying on their right or left side. Cardi/o ✔✔heart carcin/o ✔✔cancerous
hyster/o ✔✔uterus, womb rhin/o ✔✔nose sacr/o ✔✔sacrum thromb/o ✔✔clotting ur/o ✔✔urine, urinary tract
hypo- ✔✔under, below peri- ✔✔surrounding, around pre- ✔✔before, in front of sub- ✔✔under, below
Conductivity ✔✔A material's ability to allow heat or electric charges to flow. Excitability ✔✔ability to receive and respond to electric stimuli Depolorization ✔✔causes next axon to open, internal charge changes to positive and is same as outside, change in charge produces action potential Repolarization ✔✔Return of the cell to resting state, caused by reentry of potassium into the cell while sodium exits the cell. Normal heart rate ✔✔ 60 - 100 bpm Regularity ECG ✔✔measure the distance between all the R-R waves on the strip and if they are all the same the rhythm is called regular if not the rhythm is called irregular PR interval normal duration ✔✔0.12-0.20 seconds QRS complex normal duration ✔✔0.06-0.10 seconds
Sinus Dysrhythmia (Arrhythmia) ✔✔four dysrhythmias that are associated with the SA node: Tachycardia, Bradycardia, sinus arrest (the total absence of the p-wave, QRScomplex, and T- wave), sinus dysrhythmia(is the same as sinus rhythm except there is the presence of a patterned irregularity that can be described as slowing the speeding up then slowing again) this will usually happen with the inspiration and exhalation cycle(normal finding in children, athletes, and older patients) Sinus Arrest ✔✔- SA node doesn't fire
ECG lead placement, Lead III ✔✔Records electrical activity from left arm to left leg ECG lead placement, aVR ✔✔Records electrical activity away from midpoint between left arm and left leg to left arm (across heart to right shoulder) ECG lead placement, aVL ✔✔Records electrical activity from midpoint between right arm and left leg to left arm (across heart to left shoulder) ECG lead placement, aVF ✔✔Records electrical activity from midpoint between right arm and left arm to left leg (across heart toward feet) ECG lead placement, V1 ✔✔: fourth intercostal space, right of sternum ( also can be known as the breastbone) ECG lead placement, V2 ✔✔fourth intercostal space, left of sternum ECG lead placement, V3 ✔✔midway over fourth and fifth intercostal space, halfway between base and sternum
ECG lead placement, V4 ✔✔fifth intercostal space, in line with nipple ECG lead placement, V5 ✔✔midway between the nipple and midpoint of axilla Axilla ✔✔armpit ECG lead placement, V6 ✔✔over intercostal space at axilla midpoint B ✔✔What is the most accurate method for acquiring heart rate? A. 6X10 method B. 1500 method C. QRS method D. 300, 150, 100, 75, 50 method A ✔✔As an impulse moves toward a positive electrode it produces what type of deflection? A. Upward B. Downward C. Flat
D ✔✔Artifact is: A. Produced by chaotic electrical activity found in the heart B. An easier way to interpret rhythms C. Usually consistent across the rhythm strip D. Problematic because it can mimic life-threatening dysrhythmias B ✔✔Two PVC's in a row are called a? A. Double B. Couplet C. Trigeminal D. Salvo D ✔✔The heart valve that is situated between the right atrium and the right ventricle is called? A. The pulmonic valve B. The mitral valve C. The aortic valve D. The tricuspid valve
B ✔✔Each small square running horizontally represents: A. 3 seconds B. .04 seconds C. 5mm D. 0.1mv B ✔✔How many electrodes are used as part of a 12 - lead ECG? A. 8 B. 10 C. 12 D. 5 D ✔✔The third step of analyzing an ECG rhythm is: A. Evaluate the QRS complex B. Determine the heart rate C. Determine the regularity D. Evaluate the P-wave
C ✔✔Which patient education process lets you know that the teaching plan is working? A. Planning B. Implementation C. Evaluation D. Documentation D ✔✔Which of the following actions is helpful in assisting patients with their needs? A. Referring the patient to the internet B. Sending the visiting nurse to assess the patient C. Having the patient personalize information that he or she wants to learn D. Keeping a list of community resources that can further assist the patient A ✔✔Which of the following is used to mark the ECG paper? A. A stylus B. A marker C. A pen D. An ink jet B ✔✔If a patient is said to be in asystole, the characteristics would be described as:
A. Possible palpitations and a rate of 60 beats per minute B. Rate of O and no pulse C. Rapid rate and loss of consciousness D. Dramatic hypotension and slow thread pulse D ✔✔Select the method of preparation for the patient that will ensure a successful ECG recording. A. Placing the electrodes in the correct position over the patient's clothing B. Informing the patient that it is normal to be scared and to not worry about breathing. C. Having the patient disrobe and put on a patient gown D. Making sure the patient's legs are not crossed and the arms are resting at each side. C ✔✔When educating a patient about factors that increase the risk of atherosclerosis include which of the following? A. High BUN B. Dermatitis and sinus infection C. High blood pressure and obesity D. Flatulence
